Adaptive Technology Research Articles

Simultaneous Organic and Nutrient Removal in Wastewater Using a Revolving Algae Biofilm Reactor

This study focused on a revolving algae biofilm (RAB) reactor for the efficient removal of nutrients from synthetic wastewater. Chlorella vulgaris algae species were used in this study. The study examined the reactor performance across various hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 60 to 30hours, revealing crucial insights into its operational efficiency. The results demonstrate that HRT significantly influences key performance indicators, including removal rates, removal efficiencies, biomass growth rate, and complete nitrification. Among the tested configurations, HRT-30h emerged as the optimal parameter, exhibiting impressive removal rates of 108mg/L/day for COD, 35mg/L/day for ammonia nitrogen, and 1.8mg/L/day for phosphorus. Furthermore, it achieved the highest levels of suspended and harvested biofilm mass, measuring 1.07g/L and 7g, respectively. Notably, HRT-30h displayed exceptional biomass growth rate, reaching up to 3.77g/m2/day. Therefore, it underscores the promising potential of the RAB reactor as an efficient and adaptable technology for nutrient removal in wastewater treatment. Further exploration and refinement of operational parameters hold the key to harnessing the full capabilities of this innovative wastewater treatment technology.

Paving the way of entrepreneurship for university students: the role of innovativeness, technological adaptability, and self-management, with risk-taking and family support as moderator

Paving the way of entrepreneurship for university students: the role of innovativeness, technological adaptability, and self-management, with risk-taking and family support as moderator

Low voltage user power internet of things monitoring system based on LoRa wireless technology

The operational efficiency of the current smart grid system is seriously affected by the stability of the operating system, and Internet of Things technology has good applicability in power grid information perception. This study uses LoRa technology to construct a monitoring system for the electric energy Internet of Things. Additionally, an optimization model based on a particle swarm optimization algorithm and backpropagation neural network for optimizing base station positioning and channel quality evaluation is proposed. In addition, a multi-channel adaptive frequency hopping technology has been developed. The experimental results showed that the adaptive frequency hopping technology of the system could complete frequency switching within 2 min, which was more efficient than the traditional sampling and statistical technology that took 4 min. In terms of coverage, the research method had a coverage radius of 25 km, which was superior to other communication technologies such as NB IoT and ZigBee. In terms of data transmission success rate, the research method achieved 98.11%, significantly higher than Sigfox’s 90.02%. In addition, the system had a latency of only 150ms and low power consumption. In summary, the PSO-BP LoRa model proposed in the study has high application value in smart grids and industrial environments, providing technical support for wide-area, low-power, and high-stability Internet of Things monitoring systems.

Improvement of Aerodynamic Performance of Bilaterally Symmetrical Airfoil by Co-Flow Jet and Adaptive Morphing Technology

For a special bilaterally symmetric airfoil (BSA), this paper designs an active flow control scheme based on the Co-Flow Jet (CFJ) and adaptive morphing technology, and establishes a numerical simulation method which is suitable for simulating aerodynamic characteristics. The accuracy and effectiveness of the numerical method has been verified through benchmark cases. This study investigates the effects of jet intensity, suction slot position and angle, and deflection angles of the leading and TE flap on the aerodynamic performance parameters and flow field structure of the bilaterally symmetric airfoil. The results show that the adaptive morphing technology can significantly improve the equivalent lift coefficient and equivalent lift-to-drag ratio of the bilaterally symmetric airfoil, without obviously increasing the CFJ power consumption coefficient. Selecting an appropriate CFJ intensity can achieve a relatively high equivalent lift-to-drag ratio with a low compressor power requirement. Moving the suction slot rearward can increase the lift coefficient, and placing it on the trailing edge (TE) flap can more efficiently delay flow separation, reduce power consumption, and increase the equivalent lift-to-drag ratio. The suction slot angle has little effect on the lift coefficient, but a larger suction slot angle can enhance the equivalent lift-to-drag ratio. Increasing the TE flap deflection angle enhances both the lift coefficient and drag coefficient, as well as the power consumption coefficient at high angles of attack. But it has little effect on the maximum equivalent lift-to-drag ratio. Increasing the leading edge flap deflection angle can improve the maximum equivalent lift-to-drag ratio while increasing the angle of attack corresponding to it. Overall, choosing a CFJ and adaptive morphing parameters by considering different factors can enhance the aerodynamic performance of the bilaterally symmetric airfoil.

Eco-humanism and Democratic Culture in the Transformation of Education for the Wellbeing of Engineering Students

This study explores the transformative role of AI-driven applications in engineering education and their impact on student wellbeing. With the rapid advancement of emerging technologies, there is an urgent need to understand how AI can enhance educational outcomes while promoting holistic development among engineering students. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this research combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to assess the effectiveness of AI tools, including intelligent tutoring systems and adaptive learning technologies. The findings reveal that AI applications significantly improve learning outcomes and enhance student wellbeing by providing personalized learning paths, reducing cognitive load, and fostering engagement with educational materials. Furthermore, adaptive technologies support emotional resilience and a sense of belonging, which are critical for student success. This research emphasizes the importance of integrating AI with student-centric pedagogical strategies to create a more adaptive and supportive educational environment, ultimately contributing to sustainable transformations in engineering education.

Adaptive weight adjustment technology for reinforcement learning reward indicators based on the new-type power system

Current RL-based scheduling methods struggle with designing effective reward functions that balance cost reduction, safety and renewable energy integration. To tackle these issues, this paper proposes a novel hybrid optimization framework that combines Particle Swarm Optimization and Reinforcement Learning (PSO-RL), focusing on three key aspects: (1) Minimizing Generation Costs: Systematically reducing operational costs for economic efficiency. (2) Enhancing System Safety: Improving reliability by incorporating operational constraints. (3) Increasing Renewable Energy Proportion: Emphasizing the integration of renewable energy sources. The comprehensive mathematical model encapsulates intricate constraints and multi-objective characteristics of the new-type power system, featuring reward functions tailored for dynamic responsiveness. Empirical validations using the Grid2Op scheduler affirm the efficacy of our framework. Results highlight superior convergence speed and optimization precision of the PSO-RL approach over traditional RL methods. In summary, this study advances scheduling methodologies for the new-type power system, fostering renewable integration and smart grid technology evolution.

Actual Roles of Occupational Therapists in Palliative and Hospice Care: A Scoping Review.

This study reviewed the role of occupational therapist's in palliative and hospice care over the past 20years. A scoping review following Arksey and O'Malley's five stages was undertaken using PubMed, OTseeker, Scopus, Elsevier, Cochrane Library-Medline, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Web of Science and Google Scholar. A total of 41 articles were reviewed. The most publications occurred in 2010, 2011, 2015, and 2023. The majority of the studies (48.7%) were of qualitative design. Various roles of occupational therapists have been defined in palliative care: discovering occupational meaning in the last periods of life and supporting occupational participation, management of persistent physical and psychological symptoms, especially pain and fatigue, improving or supporting the quality of life for individuals under palliative care, supporting mental well-being, supporting social participation, use of adaptive technologies, providing individuals with confidence and comfort. Occupational therapists also have various duties in maintaining palliative-hospice care at home include evaluating the individual at home and supporting home care and rehabilitation after discharge. Interventions for caregivers or supporting caregivers who have lost their roles, occupations or jobs in the care process are also among the roles of occupational therapists. Occupational therapy within the context of palliative care aims to assist individuals in attaining their highest level of independence in important occupations. Occupational therapists play a crucial role in coordinating and facilitating safe transitions from the hospital to home, aiming to improve the overall quality of life and reduce hospital stays.

Integration of Thermo-Responsive Materials Applied to Bio-Inspired Structures

This paper investigates the integration of thermo-responsive materials into bio-inspired structures, combining biomimicry and adaptive technologies in architecture. A problem-based biomimetic approach and a morphological analogy with the plate-type snowflake—known for its lightness, transparency, and crystalline organisation—were adopted to develop the geometry of an architectural pavilion. This research highlights glass as a main constructive material, analysing the potential of thermochromic film and the hydrogel technique, both inserted in the context of thermo-responsiveness. In this regard, the focus is on adaptations to temperature changes, exploring how these materials can alter their properties in response to solar incidence, offering solutions for energy efficiency, thermal regulation, and environmental adaptation. The pavilion demonstrates that this integration is feasible, and this is supported by an interdisciplinary approach that combines materials science, bio-inspired design, and practical experimentation. It also highlights biomimicry’s fundamental role as a tool for guiding the development of innovative architectural geometries, while thermo-responsive materials expand the possibilities for creating structures that are adaptable to temperature variations and solar exposure. The conclusion points to the applicability and relevance of this combination, highlighting the transformative potential of thermo-responsive materials in architectural projects, especially in the development of lightweight, transparent, and environmentally responsive structures.

Precast Prestressed Concrete Pavements for Sustainable Pavement Rehabilitation in the USA

During the last ten years significant progress has been made in the USA to demonstrate precast prestressed concrete pavement (PPCP) technology and the benefits associated with its use for pavement rehabilitation. Precast concrete is receiving broad recognition as a preferred method for the rapid rehabilitation of highway pavements in high-volume traffic corridors where lane closures must be kept to a minimum. The PPCP system is being embraced not only for rapid installation and facilitating the return of the roadway to daily service; but also as long-life sustainable solution to the growing need to rehabilitate pavements that have served admirably since the late 1950s and early 1960s. The primary reasons for using the PPCP technology are two-fold: to accelerate construction during nighttime and other off-peak traffic windows thereby reducing the user delays; and to produce a highly durable long-lasting pavement structure. Additionally, through the use of prestressing, the precast concrete pavement provides significant benefits associated with increased load carrying capacity, improved life cycle cost, and enhanced sustainability. The use of prestressing allows the use of a thinner pavement slab, thereby increasing load carrying capacity while maintaining the elevation of the existing roadway and reducing concrete quantities by up to forty percent compared to conventional jointed concrete pavement alternatives. Furthermore, with fewer working joints following post-tensioning, the prestressed pavement inhibits the ingress of rainwater to the base and offers reductions in anticipated maintenance activities. This paper will discuss sustainability benefits and provide a summary of advances in the use of PPCP in the USA through 2011 that have occurred since the publication of a paper by the authors in the proceedings of the 8th ICCP conference in 2005. Case studies will be presented, in chronological order, for PPCP projects constructed or planned for construction in Missouri, Iowa, Delaware, Indonesia, Virginia, California and Florida. A brief summary of a major adaptation of the PPCP technology for roadways to enhance transportation networks in Indonesia will also be provided.

Formation of the top yield of purple echinacea depending on the “Biogor” microbiological fertilizer

Introduction. For the efficient cultivation of medicinal crops, including echinacea, in industrial production conditions, it is necessary to develop and improve adaptive agricultural technologies aimed at obtaining high yields of high-quality medicinal raw materials. The goal of the research is to study the effect of different brands and doses of the Biogor microbiological fertilizer of the KM series on the growth, development of plants, and the yield of air-dry matter of purple echinacea in the soil and climatic conditions of the Belgorod region. The Methods. Field studies were carried out on the experimental field of the Belgorod branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution VILAR in 2022-20223. The field experiment was set up in accordance with the methodology for conducting field experiments with medicinal and essential oil crops (VILAR, 2023). The experimental design included a control and 11 experimental variants using two brands of the Biogor microbiological fertilizer - Development and Finish at doses of 1.0 and 2.0 l/ha, both separately and in different combinations. The Results. The research showed that the highest yield of air-dry mass of purple coneflower was ensured by double application of the Biogor Development microbiological fertilizer at a dose of 2.0 l/ha in the 3-4 leaf phase and 1.0 l/ha in the 6-8 leaf phase in combination with the treatment of crops with Biogor Finish at doses of 1.0 and 2.0 l/ha in the budding phase before the first mowing. On average, over two years of research, the yield of purple coneflower grass by the sum of two cuttings in these experimental variants was 3.30 and 3.23 t/ha, respectively, which was 1.52 and 1.45 t/ha more than the control. Conclusions. Thus, the studied brands and doses of the Biogor microbiological fertilizer of the KM series in the conditions of the Belgorod region contributed to the activation of growth processes in purple coneflower plants and an increase in its top yield.

A systematic literature review on adaptation strategies towards climate change impacts among Indigenous fishers

ABSTRACT Indigenous fishers are known for their traditional fishing methods and high reliance on ecosystem stability. Climate change poses a formidable challenge to their way of life. Climate change adaptation refers to an adjustment in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli. Studies are being conducted worldwide on how Indigenous peoples are responding to climate change impacts. The main aim of this study was to develop a systematic literature review (SLR) on how Indigenous fishers adapt to these impacts. RepOrting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) were used to guide the present SLR and formulate research questions based on the mnemonic “population, interest, and context” (PICo). From a search in 4 primary databases, 115 potential articles were found and 21 were analyzed. Four studies were conducted in the United States, and others were conducted in Asian, Northern American, and African regions. Five main themes were elaborated: Indigenous knowledge of weather prediction; Indigenous practices; livelihood diversification; technology and infrastructure-based adaptation strategies; and collective action and collaboration. Senior fishers actively used Indigenous knowledge and practices, but the younger generation preferred to use technology (e.g., GPS, satellite data, snowmobiles) in their fishing operations. To sustain their livelihood, some Indigenous fishers rely on alternative jobs (non-fisheries related), use multiple fishing techniques, or catch marine species. The review suggests the need to integrate Indigenous opinions, experiences, and knowledge into climate change-related policy, active involvement of Indigenous fishers in habitat restoration, use of technology, and diversification of livelihood, to combat climate change impacts among Indigenous fishers.

Correlation of instantaneous fading in bidirectional channels of atmospheric laser communication

The instantaneous fading correlation of the bidirectional channel is an important characteristic of the atmospheric random channel. The instantaneous channel state of the transmitting end can be directly obtained through the instantaneous channel state of the receiving end, reducing the overhead of the additional feedback branch. In this paper, an autoregressive (AR) model and an inverse transformation method are used to generate time-dependent optical signals obeying an APD exponential Weibull distribution. Based on the channel reciprocity function, a channel cross-correlation model on the laser communication transmission path is established, and the influence of factors such as transmitting and receiving apertures, zenith angle, transmission distance, altitude, wavelength, and detector responsivity on the cross-correlation coefficient is studied. Based on theoretical research, an experimental system was built to verify the heterogeneous reciprocity model, and the experimental results were basically consistent with the simulation results. A channel state information prediction and evaluation are achieved through a relevant reciprocity theory, providing a basis for the development of adaptive technology in atmospheric laser communications.

Nature Inspired Phototropic Artificial Photosynthesis

AbstractThe efficiency of solar energy capture by terrestrial and solar device surfaces is significantly influenced by the variations in the solar angle of incidence, which change with latitude, season, and time of day. These fluctuations result in notable energy density losses. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) system‐based artificial leaf device has attracted immense research interests recently. However, its programmability and adaptiveness is highly desired and noticeably lacking. In this study, a novel programmable biomimetic PEC system—artificial aquatic plant—designed for bias‐free complete water splitting, capable of adapting is introduce to dynamic light incident angles. Inspired by key structures in aquatic plants, such as cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and petioles, this work incorporates innovative design with light‐weight PEC electrodes, protective hydrogel layers, integrated with light‐responsive hydrogel composites as supportive and actuating elements. As a result, this advanced device not only maintains stable complete water splitting performance but also exhibits characteristic phototropic properties, enhancing water splitting efficiency by 47% and 866% under light incident at 45° and 90°. Unlike traditional rigid systems, this work opens new avenues for the development of intelligent and programmable solar devices that can adapt to varying environments, paving the way for adaptive green energy technology and self‐sustaining energy production.

Revisited and Revalorised: Technological and Refitting Studies at the Middle Stone Age Open-Air Knapping Site Jojosi 1 (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)

The Middle Stone Age (MSA) of southern Africa is mainly known from rock shelters and caves. How early modern humans interacted with their landscapes remains comparatively understudied. The site of Jojosi 1, situated north of Nquthu in north central KwaZulu-Natal, is set within erosional badlands known locally as ‘dongas’. This locality offers a rare opportunity to study MSA technology and settlement dynamics in an open-air context. G. Botha initially discovered Jojosi 1 in 1991. He brought it to A. Mazel’s attention who excavated the site in the same year, but did not publish the lithic assemblage. Here, we report on the site’s rediscovery coupled with the first lithic analysis and luminescence dating. This work provides insights into the site formation processes of Jojosi 1 and lithic reduction strategies, raw material provisioning, and landscape use. Our techno-typological analysis draws upon Mazel’s collection of 7529 artefacts, combining attribute analysis and refitting studies. The results show the exclusive use of hornfels and its reduction via platform cores and Levallois methods to produce flakes and blades. Retouched tools are scarce and comprise mostly notched or denticulate pieces but lack backed tools, unifacial, and bifacial points. The museum collection features abundant small debitage and a strong component of cortical, initial stage, and core preparation flakes. The 48 refitted artefacts and ample small debitage in a spatially constricted band suggest high assemblage integrity with minimal post-depositional disturbance. Infrared stimulated luminescence dating of coarse grain feldspars brackets the archaeological occurrence to ~ 139–106 ka. Comparisons with contemporary lithic assemblages link the assemblage to the early MSA in southern Africa. We interpret Jojosi 1 as a knapping event aimed at blank production and exploitation of local high-quality hornfels. With little evidence for other behaviours, the site likely reflects a short-term knapping workshop on a source of abundant hornfels slabs. Our ongoing excavations in the Jojosi Dongas will be able to test this hypothesis and will work to characterise the technological adaptations and settlement dynamics of the MSA hunter-gatherers in this area.

Meningkatkan Martabat Guru: Strategi Pengakuan dan Penghargaan Profesi Kependidikan di Era Digital

The digital era presents significant opportunities and challenges for the teaching profession, particularly in terms of recognition and appreciation for their contributions. Teachers are expected to adapt to technology to improve the quality of learning but often face obstacles such as lack of training, limited infrastructure, and non-inclusive reward systems. This article aims to explore the challenges faced by teachers in the digital era and propose strategies to enhance the dignity of the profession. The study was conducted through a literature review collected from academic databases such as Sinta and Google Scholar, covering the period 2018-2024, with a focus on sustainable technology training, holistic contribution-based reward systems, and cross-sector collaboration. Thematic analysis techniques were used to identify key themes such as the challenges of technology adaptation, unequal reward systems, and the humanistic roles of teachers. The results indicate that recognizing the humanistic roles of teachers, along with technological support and equitable rewards, is crucial for maintaining their dignity. This research provides concrete recommendations to support teacher professionalism in the digital era

Decoding Subjective Understanding: Using Biometric Signals to Classify Phases of Understanding

The relationship between the cognitive and affective dimensions of understanding has remained unexplored due to the lack of reliable methods for measuring emotions and feelings during learning. Focusing on five phases of understanding—nascent understanding, misunderstanding, confusion, emergent understanding, and deep understanding—this study introduces an AI-driven solution to measure subjective understanding by analyzing physiological activity manifested in facial expressions. To investigate these phases, 103 participants remotely worked on 15 riddles while their facial expressions were video recorded. Action units (AUs) for each phase instance were measured using AFFDEX software. AU patterns associated with each phase were then identified through the application of six supervised machine learning algorithms. Distinct AU patterns were found for all five phases, with gradient boosting machine and random forest models achieving the highest predictive accuracy. These findings suggest that physiological activity can be leveraged to reliably measure understanding. Further, they advance a novel approach for measuring and fostering understanding in educational settings, as well as developing adaptive learning technologies and personalized educational interventions. Future studies should explore how physiological signatures of understanding phases both reflect and influence their associated cognitive processes, as well as the generalizability of this study’s findings across diverse populations and learning contexts (A suite of AI tools was employed in the development of this paper: (1) ChatGPT4o (for writing clarity and reference checking), (2) Grammarly (for grammar and editorial corrections), and (3) ResearchRabbit (reference management)).

Breaking barriers: fostering equitable access to pediatric genomics through innovative care models and technologies.

The integration of genomic medicine into pediatric clinical practice is a critical need that remains largely unmet, especially in socioeconomically challenged and rural areas where healthcare disparities are most pronounced. This review seeks to summarize the barriers responsible for delayed diagnosis and treatment, and examines diverse care models, technological innovations, and strategies for dissemination and implementation aimed at addressing the evolving genomic needs of pediatric populations. Through a comprehensive review of the literature, we explore proposed methodologies to bridge this gap in pediatric healthcare, with a specific emphasis on understanding and speeding implementation approaches and technologies to mitigate disparities in underserved populations, including rural and marginalized communities. There are both external and internal factors to consider in demographic and social determinants when evaluating patient access. To address these barriers, potential solutions include telegenetic services, alternative care delivery models, pediatric subspecialist expansion, and non-genetic provider education. By improving access to pediatric genomic services, therapeutic interventions will also be more available to all pediatric patients. IMPACT STATEMENT: Genomic testing has clinical utility in pediatric populations but access for people from diverse demographic and social-economic groups is problematic. Understanding barriers responsible for delayed genetic diagnosis and treatment in pediatric populations will improve reach, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of genomic medicine in pediatric healthcare context. Innovative care models, adaptation of appropriate technologies, and strategies aimed at addressing pediatric genomic needs are needed.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning in veterinary medicine: a regulatory perspective on current initiatives and future prospects.

The US FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) is advancing its leadership in veterinary science by integrating AI and machine learning (ML) into its regulatory framework and scientific initiatives. This paper explores the CVM's strategic approach to harnessing these technologies to enhance human and animal health by supporting innovative products and methods. Key areas of focus include regulatory adaptation, genomic research, and information technology modernization. The Animal and Veterinary Innovation Agenda outlines the Center's commitment to fostering innovation in veterinary medicine while addressing emerging challenges. This includes developing AI/ML-driven tools for antimicrobial resistance research, genome editing safety, and postmarketing safety surveillance. The paper discusses the CVM's participation in the FDA's role in shaping guidance documents for AI in regulatory decision making. In genomic research, the CVM is utilizing AI/ML to study antimicrobial resistance and improve genomic editing techniques. These technologies enhance the understanding of resistance mechanisms and facilitate the precise identification of genetic alterations. Artificial intelligence is also pivotal in information technology modernization efforts, aimed at streamlining data management and enhancing operational efficiency. The paper highlights the efforts to integrate AI/ML in safety surveillance, including signal detection and case processing. It emphasizes the importance of human-led governance, data quality, and model validation in ensuring the ethical deployment of AI technologies. The CVM's initiatives represent a transformative shift toward more efficient and innovative regulatory approaches. The paper concludes with a call for continued collaboration among researchers, industry, and regulatory bodies to advance AI integration and achieve mutual goals in animal health.

Artificial Intelligence in Special Education

This entry examines the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in special education. The authors discuss applications of AI in the field, including its uses for personalized learning, adaptive technologies, teacher support, and AI’s potential to address issues related to student accessibility and engagement. The entry draws on recent syntheses of literature, highlighting studies that reveal AI’s capacity to improve educational outcomes for students with disabilities, mitigate teacher workload, and foster inclusion. Despite these promising developments, the authors address ethical considerations, potential biases, and privacy concerns surrounding the use of AI, as well as the need for high-quality research that validates AI’s effectiveness in special education. The authors conclude that while AI can offer substantial support, it should be integrated thoughtfully, guided by empirical research, and accompanied by skilled professional oversight to ensure that it truly benefits students with disabilities.

Implementasi Information Reminder System Menggunakan Data Sharing Pada Keluarga Berbasis Web

The adaptation of technology in an instantaneous era with all its sophistication makes individuals rely more on technology to help them in doing their daily work. Almost all aspects have been facilitated through the help of the system. However, it cannot be denied that there are still many families who record their monthly expenditure information needs manually, resulting in limited collaboration and effectiveness between members. Limited collaboration in the family can be overcome with a digital reminder system that can be implemented to help family members to remember information related to monthly expenses so that families can see, monitor and control their financial flow. The system can be implemented using React as the main framework and Firebase as a database service that is directly integrated with the data sharing model using the internet as a platform to manage and access data in a single-entry manner. In practice, the researcher applied field research (qualitative method) as the main method to obtain data. The researcher also chose the Personal Extreme Programming (PXP) approach as a method as well as a technique for measuring data in this research. The final solution of this research is producing a web-based family recording and reminder application. This application has features to record monthly spending information, schedule monthly and annual bills and record daily spending needs. Through a directly synchronized cloud service, users can access their accounts from any internet-connected device. The conclusion obtained from this research is that the development of this application can assist families in recording and reminding information directly related to monthly expenses in one website container that can be accessed on various devices with only an internet connection.