Adaptive Projection Research Articles

“Ground Zero” for Climate Crisis: Narratives About Climate Adaptation and Implications for Justice in Coastal Louisiana

Decisions about climate change adaptation are informed by technical information, but they are also shaped by social and political factors and impacted communities. Given the realities of a changing climate, more research is needed to examine how technically trained practitioners and other actors describe their work in relation to social and political factors. This article contributes to knowledge on this topic by analyzing the narratives of 62 organizational actors in coastal Louisiana. Actors include scientists, engineers, modelers, planners, project administrators, government staff, and non‐profit employees working on climate adaptation and coastal risk reduction projects outlined in Louisiana's Coastal Master Plan. While scholars critique the Master Plan as overly technocratic, I show that people weave morals and values into narratives about science. However, I show how the motivations of acting boldly, morally, and urgently in the face of emergency clash with climate justice. Some individuals within these organizations do advocate for reforming or rethinking Master Plan projects to better serve coastal communities; however, these individuals also face resistance from colleagues who frame this work as secondary or outside of their organizational purview. To conclude, I argue that research connecting technical aspects of climate adaptation planning to power and social justice outcomes has the potential to bridge disciplinary divides.

Resisting, leveraging, and reworking climate change adaptation projects from below: placing adaptation in Ecuador’s agrarian struggle

ABSTRACT As climate change escalates, donors, international organizations, and state actors are implementing adaptation projects. Embedded within these adaptation projects are imaginaries of rural resilience. These imaginaries, however, are contested by individuals and collectives targeted by such initiatives. In this article, we draw on Foucault’s notion of counter conducts to understand how beneficiaries in Ecuador resist, leverage, and/or rework adaptation interventions and towards what end. We identified five counter conducts: (1) negotiating for control, (2) setting the terms for participation, (3) opting out, (4) subverting the discursive frame, and (5) leveraging longevity. We argue that these counter conducts are generative, enacting multi-scalar counter-hegemonic politics of agrarian transformation.

Urban Nature as an Active Means of Adapting Public Spaces to Climate Conditions: Case Studies from Copenhagen and Selected Polish Cities

Progressive climate change brings many challenges to cities, which, in an effort to meet them, are looking for ways to create a built environment that is resilient and adapted to change. The subject of the paper is the urban nature, which, skillfully used and introduced into public space, becomes an active tool for adapting cities to future climate conditions. The aim of the paper is to identify key solutions to introduce urban nature into public spaces in the context of model strategic planning and urban design undertaken in cities. To this aim, development strategies, with a particular focus on urban nature, developed in Copenhagen over the past few years, were researched. Of those identified, the directions and actions that address public spaces and holistically link the needs of the built and natural environment with the needs of humans were selected. Research leads to a comparison of the model strategies and selected implementations used in Copenhagen, prioritizing the urban nature, with examples of strategic development policies and adaptation projects implemented in the public spaces of selected Polish cities. The result of the research is an assessment of the completeness of climate change adaptation measures undertaken in Poland, using the potential of urban nature in public spaces and recommendations for updating planning and strategic documents based on Copenhagen’s model solutions.

Problems of restoration projects and adaptation of cultural heritage objects to modern conditions of a comfortable environment and possible solutions

The author presented an article: the purpose of this article is to accumulate information for the development of adaptation projects in restoration, which will help to avoid mistakes in designing and preserving the historicism of the object. Big problems of restoration and adaptation of objects to living conditions in the absence of natural resources that make it possible to track the dynamics of changes at the object, which inevitably stand for a certain time, if the object is without the participation of certain works.

Institutions for long-term problems: the influence of the Dutch Delta Programme on forward-looking climate adaptation responses at the local level

Climate change requires forward-looking policy responses. Developing such responses can be challenging for governments and, therefore, specific long-term institutions have been proposed for overcoming short-termism. However, the impacts of such institutions have been underexplored. In this paper, we analyze the influence of a long-term institution, the Dutch Delta Programme, on local governments’ decisions. The paper results are based on an analysis of climate adaptation strategies, investment plans and adaptation projects and interviews with policymakers, across seven Dutch municipalities. Results indicate that while local adaptation strategies are largely forward looking, adaptation projects tend to focus on solving present-day issues. We found that the Delta Programme enabled local governments to make forward-looking decisions and policies, by: (1) providing knowledge about climate vulnerabilities, (2) creating a broader framing of the issue of climate change, and (3) providing guidance for developing local climate adaptation policies.

Stretching or conforming? Financing urban climate change adaptation in Copenhagen

Cities worldwide are struggling to build resilience to the risks posed by climate change for their infrastructures, economies and quality of life. However, no city government has sufficient capacities to fund the adaptations required to ensure such resilience alone. Copenhagen’s efforts to secure financing for adaptation and mitigation are investigated, focusing on its innovative arrangements for funding projects to protect against extreme rainfall and flooding. A mixed-methods approach explores how municipal actors and investors accessed finance for supporting transition to a climate-adapted city. Mobilising concepts from the multilevel perspective to analyse the governance and market conditions that facilitate or impede such financing, this paper contributes to sustainable transition theory and the assessment of different funding approaches. The case study confirms the comprehensiveness and effective implementation of the city’s plans, especially its innovative financing product for adaptation to urban flooding. However, this approach has knock-on effects for tackling other climate hazards, partnerships and investment urgency. Although extreme rainfall events in 2011–13 opened a valuable ‘window of opportunity’ for change at the system landscape level, catalysing a radical shift in government policy and investment, this disruption did not elicit a commensurate response from the city’s finance sector. <em><strong>Practice relevance</strong></em> Several challenges exist for municipalities and investors when financing urban adaptation. Innovation is needed not only in technology but also in approaches to financing and investment. A key strength of Copenhagen’s adaptation approach lies in its innovative financing arrangements for funding an effective response to the risks of extreme rainfall, <em>i.e</em>. combining measures to protect against urban flooding with improvements in the urban public realm. A sustainable transition model can help guide cities in planning and funding adaptation to climate change. Recommendations include equal prioritisation by all actors of climate adaptation and mitigation; the removal of constraints on private sector participation; government engagement with a diverse set of private capital providers; experimentation with different financing mechanisms; the development of bankable adaptation projects; and efforts to monetise and unlock the value of adaptation projects.

From Maslow to Architectural Spaces: The Assessment of Reusing Old Industrial Buildings

In many cases, the purpose of reusing old industrial buildings is to serve the public. Converting a building that had a particular function and is unfamiliar to the public to a civic building is a great challenge. Significantly, the public’s curiosity towards a special-purpose industrial building alone is not enough to give the building a long life following its conversion and regeneration. To be sustainable in public life, the design of reused old industrial buildings should also meet the needs of the public. It is important to realise, however, that everyone’s needs are different. This paper will therefore analyse whether Abraham Maslow’s (1943) famous psychological theory, the Hierarchy of Needs, which not only summarized the content of human needs, but also divided them into levels, can be applied to the reuse of former industrial buildings. The paper translates this into the field of architecture to develop an assessment framework for the reuse of old industrial buildings. This assessment framework is able to combine mathematical models for quantitative assessment of future projects, and uses Shanghai 1933 Old Millfun, China as a case study for its demonstration. This provides an evaluation of a completed project and identifies challenges for further development, as well as providing guidance for future adaptive reuse projects.

Non‐destructive prediction of total soluble solids and titratable acidity in Kyoho grape using hyperspectral imaging and deep learning algorithm

SummaryTotal soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) are essential quality properties for postharvest commercialisation of grapes. This study aimed to estimate the TSS and TA in grapes using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique in the range of 400–1001 nm. A deep learning‐based stacked auto‐encoders (SAE) algorithm was developed to extract deep spectral features from pixel‐level spectra. Then, these features with a compensation factor (i.e. size of fruits) were fed into partial least squares (PLS) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) for predicting TSS and TA in grapes. Additionally, competitive adaptive reweighed sampling and successive projections algorithm as conventional wavelength selection approaches were also investigated for comparison. The optimal prediction accuracy was achieved by the SAE‐LSSVM model with size compensation, where , RMSEP = 0.5041% and for TSS; , RMSEP = 0.1091 g L−1 and for TA. The results suggested that SAE has great potential for extracting features from pixel‐level hyperspectral image data; the well‐performed deep learning model SAE‐LSSVM with size compensation can be used for rapid and non‐destructive predicting TSS and TA in grapes, which may provide a valuable reference for internal quality evaluation of postharvest fruits via HSI technique.

Livelihood and climate vulnerability of coastal communities to natural disaster in south-western Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Bangladesh is one of the countries that is most likely to be affected by natural disasters and climate change. However, much less is known about the integrated livelihood and climate vulnerabilities of coastal communities to natural disasters in southwestern Bangladesh. Therefore, this paper proposes a holistic approach to measuring livelihood vulnerability in the southwestern coast of Bangladesh based on primary data from 300 respondents through face-to-face interviews, focus group discussion (FGD), and key informant interviews (KII), and secondary data on rainfall and temperature for the years 2010–2017. This study developed the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI), the climate vulnerability index (CVI), and the LVI-IPCC to estimate climate vulnerability by incorporating 36 indicators of 9 major components under three dimensions. The pragmatic results show that the three coastal unions have different LVI, CVI, and LVI-IPCC values. Still, the households of the Gabura union showed more vulnerability than the rest of the two, with the highest LVI, CVI, and LVI-IPCC values due to their inadequate access to fresh water, limited physical resources, fewest livelihood strategies, the least variety of crops, and worst health conditions. This logical approach may be applied in data-scarce regions to assess vulnerability and evaluate potential policy efficiency for baseline comparison. The study demonstrates that the requirement for focused interventions and context-specific sustainable policies and development approaches should be implemented to lessen the vulnerability of coastal dwellers. These findings have implications for developing and implementing household resilience and climate change adaptation projects by the government, donor organizations, and other pertinent groups in three susceptible unions.

Local perception of climate change and adaptation in the highlands of Cameroon

ABSTRACT Climate change in Africa is a significant concern for rural livelihoods. In this research, we compared the perception and adaptation of rural households in the Cameroonian highlands to recent climatic trends and identified factors shaping them. Results pointed out that perception of climate change and adaptation depended mainly on local knowledge. The analyses stressed the importance of spatial exposure and agricultural involvement, which are key elements in perception studies. To this end, we encourage adaptation policies to develop participatory solutions that allow rural households to contribute their local knowledge and take ownership of adaptation projects.

High-reflective surfaces shape measurement technology based on adaptive fringe projection

Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is limited by the pixel depth of the camera and cannot correctly reconstruct complex objects with highly reflective surfaces. In this paper, we proposed an improved adaptive fringe technique to avoid image saturation. This method only needs to project a uniform gray level image and a set of horizontal and vertical phase-shifting fringe patterns to generate adaptive fringes. The gray level of saturated regions can be fitted by the uniform image and the coordinates of the areas are obtained by calculating the horizontal and vertical fringes. To avoid the process of recursion, we introduce the concept of the grayscale correction function. Furthermore, a modified mapping formula is adopted and refined, which enhances the mapping effect and reconstruction accuracy. Compared with the original adaptive fringe projection (AFP), the modified method further decreases the number of projected fringe patterns. We analyzed the error between the fitted value and the standard value to evaluate the performance of the method. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method maintains the accuracy of reconstruction while improving time efficiency compared to other high dynamic range (HDR) measurement methods. • The contribution of different fringe projection technology with highly reflective objects is investigated. • A novel adaptive fringe is proposed to measure the depth information of HDR objects. • An idea is proposed for the improvement of adaptive fringe projection.

Your vibe attracts your tribe – the adaptive reuse of buildings delivering aesthetic experience and social inclusion

A significant amount of embodied energy, materials, and economic capital is tied to vacant and underused buildings. Sharing is an effective way to reduce the excess use of space. Beside sharing, much more focus should be placed on maximizing the functional use of existing buildings. Adaptive reuse can be effective not only in mitigating obsolescence, but also in enhancing the vitality of site surroundings. This study aims to explore the potential of sharing and adaptive reuse in delivering circularity, with special focus on the social dimension. We engage in a qualitative, in-depth case study method using interviews, site visits, as well as document and social media reviews as data sources. We study two adaptive reuse projects, where the buildings have been repurposed for collaborative use. The first case is a former museum turned into co-working space, the second is a former industrial site turned into an arts centre. Our findings show that while adaptive reuse is inherently environmentally sustainable, the value delivery is through the social impact of the projects. The social impact can be divided into aesthetic experience, delivered through the preserved historic building, attractive site surroundings and creative content, and social inclusion, delivered through community engagement and accessibility.

Digitalization of climate adaptation planning: the potential of simulation software tools for landscape design

Climate change plays a significant role in the landscape architecture discipline seeking to solve the problems related to floods and heatwaves. Climate adaptation planning deals with a high level of uncertainty while precipitating future climate events to prepare adaptable landscape designs. However, digital technologies are rarely implemented into landscape design projects with deep environmental concerns. Meanwhile, digital tools have the potential to improve climate adaptation planning while calculating and simulating the adaptive capacity of design. Therefore, this research investigates the capabilities and limitations of software tools suitable for climate adaptation projects. The software tools are evaluated using the ISO 25010 framework comparing their capabilities. The main method used for this research is based on objective experiments while implementing different software tools to conceptual landscape design on a case study project. The experiment revealed that the implementation process deals with many limitations including interoperability and data loss. Moreover, this research conducted in-depth interviews with project stakeholders including planners and clients to identify their problems, needs and expectations regarding software tools. Finally, the roadmap on the software selection resulting from this research provides the guidelines on how to select the most suitable tool for various climate adaptation projects.

Denoising method for terahertz signal using RBF neural network with adaptive projection learning algorithm

Denoising method for terahertz signal using RBF neural network with adaptive projection learning algorithm

Nature-based climate adaptation projects, their governance and transitional potential-cases from Copenhagen

This paper investigates and broadens the discussion of nature-based climate adaptation for storm water management and coastal flooding. Based on three Copenhagen cases of locally initiated innovative flagship projects and framed by governance and transition theory, we investigate how nature-based solutions can be understood in a real-life context, and how hybrid projects joining technical and nature-based solutions might work; the governance methods of such projects; and their transitional potential. The cases underscore the importance of nature perception for the design of the project, and the role of daily recreational users as crucial for project legitimacy. Innovative projects might seem local, but often they are embedded in larger strategies and serve to flesh out such strategies and might even change them in a longer perspective. New problems and projects foster a need for new types of partnerships, which can challenge co-operation. Finally, it is questioned how – and if – experiences from flagship projects can be anchored and mainstreamed into a new normal for climate adaptation.

Efficient 3D measurement of a HDR surface basedon adaptive fringe projection.

3D measurement methods of a high-dynamic-range (HDR) surface based on adaptive fringe projection have aroused extensive research interest. They tend to pixel-wise adjust the fringe projection intensity to ensure full-field phase quality in light or dark regions, which has two problems: (1)traditional image intensity-based temporal phase unwrapping (TPU) is susceptible to noise in dark regions, and (2)it is time-consuming to project orthogonal fringe patterns for coordinate mapping and 3D reconstruction. Aiming to address these issues, we present an efficient adaptive fringe projection method where misaligned Gray code patterns are adopted to remove the phase error induced by low-frequency fringe patterns. Compared with traditional image intensity-based TPU, misaligned Gray-code-based TPU provides a better noise-suppression effect in dark regions, as Gray codes are generally better preserved than image intensity. Moreover, the images captured in the coordinate mapping process are shared for optimal projection intensity calculation and 3D reconstruction to reduce the number of total projection patterns, thus improving measurement efficiency. Extensive contrast experiments are conducted to demonstrate that the proposed method retrieves the 3D shapes of micro-scale HDR surfaces with high accuracy and a minimum number of projection patterns on the premise of high measurement integrity.

Topological inverse design of fabrication-constrained nanophotonic devices via an adaptive projection method

Topology optimization has been widely adopted in the inverse design of nanophotonic devices due to low computation cost, which unfortunately produces intermediate relative permittivity values that fail to meet fabrication constraints. Additionally, the postprocessing required inevitably increases the complexity of the inverse design. In this Letter, we propose an adaptive projection method for topology optimization, in which a two-level hierarchical hyperbolic tangent projection function with linear increment and differentiation is constructed and applied to eliminate inherent defects of conventional topology optimization. Two binarized nanophotonic devices have been designed by our adaptive projection method, among which one ultra-compact dual 90°-bend waveguide reduces the average insertion loss to 20.3% of its similar counterpart and shows an8.1% reduction for the average crosstalk in the O band, the other ultralow-loss waveguide crossing features an average insertion loss as low as 0.09 dB. With the significant advantages of excellent performance guarantee and fabrication-friendly geometry control fully demonstrated, our inverse design solution shows potential to contribute to nanophotonic devices and integrated chips.

ESG-transformation Policies and Procedures for Russian Companies

ESG-transformation of Russian companies is inevitable. The introduction of a “carbon” tax in many countries, fines for exceeding the level of greenhouse gas emissions provided for in Russian legislation, the introduction of adaptive and transformational sustainable development projects and their verification systems do not leave domestic companies any other way of development. For ESG transformation, companies need to develop and implement a package of policies and procedures. The study of the experience of leading Russian companies allowed us to define a framework list of policies and procedures necessary for ESG transformation and recommend the priority of their implementation. The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize the policies and procedures necessary for the ESG transformation of the corporation. The objectives of the study are the analysis of documents of Russian companies reflecting the implementation of the ESG agenda; the definition of framework policies and procedures and recommendations on the priority of their implementation. The study used methods of generalization, analysis and synthesis in terms of the study of methodological and legislative approaches to the formation of the ESG strategy of the corporation. It is necessary to start the transformation with the development of the G — corporate governance policy. Within the framework of this policy, the initial ones are image and control procedures, inventory of greenhouse gases, analysis of the industry value chain.

An Adaptive Projection Gradient Method for Solving Nonlinear Fractional Programming

In this study, we focus on solving the nonlinear fractional optimization problem in which the numerator is smooth convex and the denominator is smooth concave. To achieve this goal, we develop an algorithm called the adaptive projection gradient method. The main advantage of this method is that it allows the computations for the gradients of the considered functions and the metric projection to take place separately. Moreover, an interesting property that distinguishes the proposed method from some of the existing methods is the nonincreasing property of its step-size sequence. In this study, we also prove that the sequence of iterates that is generated by the method converges to a solution for the considered problem and we derive the rate of convergence. To illustrate the performance and efficiency of our algorithm, some numerical experiments are performed.

Design for Climate Change in the Neoliberal Present: Gentrification, Ecocide, and the Loss of Urbanity in New York City

Climate urbanism is an emerging field of action that aims to adapt to or mitigate the impacts of climate change on cities. These interventions are often framed by narratives of climate collapse, implying that there is not enough time to engage citizens in participatory planning processes. Some scholars have argued that this may also enable the realization of urban interventions that would otherwise be difficult to implement under ordinary circumstances. At the same time, research has demonstrated that mitigation and adaptation policies and projects may result in the displacement of vulnerable populations. To avoid this scenario, city governments must ensure vulnerability assessments, transparency, and accountability to all affected communities throughout the design process, and examination of projects proposed by residents and developed by the city authorities. Based on interviews, fieldwork observation, and secondary analysis of open-source documents, this article examines the complexity of appropriate urban climate planning through a comparative analysis. Taking the East Side Coastal Resiliency (ESCR) Project in New York as an exemplary case study, we analyze multiple perspectives, expertise, and rights involved in climate urbanism in global cities under the neoliberal present. We conclude that democratic city planning for climate change cannot be separated from questions of climate justice, which concerns democratic decision making and the impact of interventions on local communities and ecosystems.