ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe and identify the associated variables with different factors of socio-affective adaptation of children aged from 9–12 years old, who possess a Facebook account. These variables are analyzed according to the child's age and its gender in order to find the main risk factors. Participants and methodA survey using questionnaires was conducted in 15 schools of the Toulouse region. Children and their parents participated in this research. Out of 508 participants, 147 children had a Facebook account. The French version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire made by Goodman (1997) was used in order to measure the level of children's socio-affective adaptation. This questionnaire inquiries the parental perceptions relating to child's socio-affective and behavioral adaptation. In addition to the parents, children replied to an auto-administrated questionnaire asking them about the frequency, the period of time spent online, the digital device (computer, mobile phone), the friendships and communication partners on Facebook. ResultsA slightly larger number of girls than boys have a Facebook account, that is 56.5% (n=83) versus 43.5% (n=64). More than one third of children (n=104, 70.7%) who have an account are between 11 and 12 years old. On the other hand, only 29.3% (n=43) are between 9and 10 years old. As far as the communication partners are concerned, 12.2% (n=18) of children talk with children that they don’t know and the younger ones are proportionally and significantly more apt (20.9%, n=9) to talk with people that they don’t know as compared with older children (8.7%, n=9) [Chi2 (1)=4.26, P=0.039]. The majority of children are in the standards in terms of socio-affective adaptation. Having a communication with unknown people online and friendships with the “celebrities” may be a risk factor while having a communication with friends would be a protection factor. ConclusionFacebook use does not seem to harm children's socio-affective adaptation of 9–12 years old children apart from the boys who exhibit more behavioral troubles as compared to girls. Moreover, in a perspective of prevention, it appears to be essential to support children being at a risk of exhibiting psychological issues in order to reduce and avoid the negative outcome of a problematic Facebook use.