Adaptive Failure Research Articles

Benefits of Scleral Lens in the Management of Irregular Corneas and Dry Eye Syndrome After Refractive Surgery.

To evaluate the utility of the SPOT scleral lens (Oxygen Permeable Scleral Lens of Thonon; LAO, Thonon-les-Bains, France) in the management of the irregular cornea after refractive surgery. We included 19 patients (35 eyes) with irregular corneas after refractive surgery. Patients were fitted with scleral lenses after the failure of conventional contact lenses adaptation. The ophthalmologic examination included measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slitlamp examination, and evaluation of ocular aberrations (Objective Scattering Index [OSI] and higher-order aberration [HOA]). Scleral lens fitting increases significantly the BCVA from 0.33 (±0.25) to 0.08 (±0.13) LogMAR (P<0.001). There was also a significant decrease in Ocular Surface Disease Index from 66.2±22.8 to 42.4±18.9 (P<0.001). Ocular aberrations (OAs) are also significantly reduced by the scleral lenses, the mean OSI goes from 7.2 (±4.2) to 3.0 (±1.8) (P<0.001), OA from 2.58 (±1.34) to 1.98 μm (±2.31) (P=0.035), and HOA from 0.94 (±0.51) to 0.48 (±0.23) (P=0.0018). Fitting with scleral lenses improves patients' optical and ocular surface problems. Scleral lens restores BCVA and the quality of life. Fitting with scleral lenses is an alternative to further surgery on these fragile eyes and is sometimes the only viable treatment option for the patient.

Agricultural Land Conversion, Poverty and Adaptation Failure of Peasants in Industrial Transition in Rice Center Areas-Indonesia

This study discusses the conversion of agricultural land in Karawang Regency, West Java, which was known as the national rice granary for almost a century. However, the role of agriculture has decreased drastically since the regency was designated as an industrial area replaced by the secondary sector. This study aims to explain the actions of farmers during and after land conversion in rice-producing areas in the Muslim community, Indonesia. A quantitative method and data analysis with cross-tabulation using google sheets were used. The results showed that the conversion of agricultural land involves capital and political power. Peasants are actively persuaded by accomplices in different ways to give up land. Lack of support and guidance by government officials and investors, causes land conversion to take place less transparently and it is detrimental to farmers. About 30 percent are getting poorer and failing to adapt in the process of transition to an industrial society. Around 28 percent become temporary workers or disguised unemployment. Therefore, a transparent conversion process, fair compensation, as well as effective and targeted government with business strategies are needed to prevent farmers from falling into poverty. Land conversion only fosters potential conflicts that can turn into riots at any time without such strategies.

Расстройства адаптации у сотрудников органов внутренних дел Российской Федерации: стилистика приспособительного реагирования в условиях профессионального функционирования

The objectives of the study are to determine the resistance of personality to stressogenic factors, to prevent possible adaptation failures and to differentiate stylistic disorders of adaptive response from the formation of distorted schemes of adaptive response. Materials and research methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the polyclinic of the Federal Medical and Health Care Department of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs in Moscow in 2019-2020. The study group included 74 employees of the Moscow subdivisions of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, suffering from adaptation disorders. Distribution of patients by sex: men — 23 (31%); women — 51 (69%); age of patients — 20-45 years; average age — 35.2 years. Mean duration of the disease was 3-4 months. Research results and their analysis. Study results showed: – all the elements characterizing the profile of adaptive response of patients with adaptive disorder turn out to be associated to varying degrees both with certain protective mechanisms and with affective states. The latter testifies to the fact that these complex and multidimensional mental states are interconnected and interdependent with the features of the adaptive response; – formed individual profile of protective-adaptive mechanisms and preferred response style in employees of internal affairs bodies allow to favourably assess the prospects of “successful” adaptation of persons of this category; – professional activity tensions and daily difficulties of employees of internal affairs bodies cause activation of adaptive mechanisms focused on stabilization of intrapersonal state. The degree of intertwining of connections within individual protective profile is closely connected with features of asthenization, anxiety and depressiveness; – process of defensive mechanisms formation is determined, in particular, by individual predisposition to certain ways of regulation, peculiarities of personal response, flexibility and stability of links formation between response variants in order to achieve effective adaptive response.

81 Possibilities of the cardiointervalography in the forecasted fetal distress at perinatal losses in anamnesis of mather

Objective: Stressful experiences against the backdrop of perinatal losses (PL) may adversely affect the course of the next pregnancy, promote fetal distress. The structure of causes of perinatal mortality fetal distress is one of the leading places. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility cardiointervalography in predicting fetal distress during perinatal history mother. Study design: A study of heart rate variability by cardiointervalography women with PL associated with placenta dysfunction in 16-18 weeks of pregnancy by fetal monitor “Kardiolab Baby Card” (Kharkiv, Ukraine). The study involved 200 pregnant women with PL in the anamnesis (study group) and 100 pregnant women without PL (control group). For assessment of adaptive responses using the parameter activity of regulatory systems (PARS), the calculation is done automatically. Results: Normal adaptive state (PARS = 1-3 points) observed only in 10.0% of pregnant with PL and in the vast majority (61.0%) patients control group (p <0.05), expressed tension of regulatory systems was observed in half pregnant study group against 15.0% of women in the control group (p <0.05). In 22.0% of pregnant women with PL PARS score was 8-10 points, characterized by a failure of adaptation? in the control group similar condition seen in only 3.0% of women (p<0.05). 48 (24.0%) women of the main group diagnosed fetal distress (according to Doppler and cardiotocography): 20 (41.7%) of them - failure of adaptation (PARS = 8-10), while in the absence of fetal distress failure of adaptation found only in 24 (15.8%), i.e. 8-10 points while in the absence of fetal distress failure of adaptation found only in value may be a marker of fetal distress (OR = 3.810 95% CI 1.853-7.832). Conclusions: Evaluation of regulation of the autonomic nervous system in heart rate variability to evaluate adaptation abilities of women and their use as prognostic markers of fetal suffering.

Adaptive potential of cardiovascular system and its relationship with sex hormones and dopamine levels in women of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Aim.To assess the adaptive potential of cardiovascular system in female population of the Russian Arctic territory and its relationship with sex hormones and dopamine levels.Material and methods.The study involved 253 women living in European North (Arkhangelsk Oblast) and Asian North (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), who were divided into groups of fertile (n=58 and n=70, respectively) and postmenopausal women (n=59 and n=66, respectively). Enzyme immunoassay of serum was used to determine the levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones (LH), progesterone, prolactin, total and free testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin. In plasma, dopamine level was identified. Adaptive potential (AP) was estimated according to R. M. Baevsky method.Results.A significant disadaptation was revealed in residents of Asian North compared to European North as follows: the proportion of persons with poor adaptation increases from 16% in European North to 26% in Asian North in fertile women, while the proportion of persons with adaptation failure increases from 9 to 23% in postmenopausal women. The strongest relationships between hormonal parameters and AP level were found in postmenopausal women: in European North, adaptation impairment is associated with higher levels of testosterone at lower concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, LH and sex hormone-binding globulin; in Asian North, adaptation failure is associated with lower values of LH, prolactin, testosterone, and dopamine.Conclusion.A greater AP impairment, which characterizes cardiovascular system adaptation, was noted among Asian North residents. We revealed significant relationships between cardiovascular function and hormonal parameters. In European North residents, poor adaptation is associated with a more androgenic sex hormone profile, while in Asian North — with lower values of LH, prolactin, testosterone and dopamine.

Features of the physical development of girls with different course of puberty and level of adaptive capabilities

The purpose of the study — to establish the features of the physical development of adolescent girls with the different course of puberty and to assess adaptive capabilities depending on the indicators of physical development and the course of puberty.Materials and methods: The examinations involved 57 girls aged 11 to 17 year who were divided into two groups depending on the presence of menstrual disorders. The first group included girls with physiological puberty. The second group consisted of girls with oligo­ or amenorrhea, and in isolated cases, with abnormal uterine bleeding, proio­ or polymenorrhea. The assessments included somatometric parameters, the results of the Ruffier test, the clinoortostatic test, cardiac morphometric indicators, and vascular reactivity according to Doppler ultrasound, the Kerdo index and Baevsky’s adaptive potential.Results and discussion. The significant frequency of tall and higher than average height was established as specific feature of girls regardless of the variant of puberty course (42.4 % with physiological and 42.8 % with pathological puberty). In general, the girls did not differ in height and body weight. In terms of Baevsky’s adaptive potential, 100 % of girls had a satisfactory adaptation level. The significant proportion of adolescent girls showed low exercise tolerance (63.7 % of girls with physiological and 50 % with pathological puberty). The high frequency of initial sympathy and the prevalence of normal vegetative support were recorded. Satisfactory and good results were more likely to be obtained by girls with puberty disorders. Girls with physiological puberty had a high incidence of hyperkinetic hemodynamic (37.5 % compared to 15.0 % in the second group, p &lt; 0.05).The adaptive capabilities of girls with average height did not differ between groups with various puberty course. The tall girls of the first group had the higher frequency of the hyperkinetic type of hemodynamics, combined with best indices of vascular reactivity: two thirds of subjects demonstrated adequate increase in the diameter of the brachial artery in the sample with reactive hyperemia. In girls with menstrual dysfunction, the acceleration of growth was not accompanied by activation of the sympathoadrenal system, but they showed better results of exercise test. It could be assumed that presence of sexual hormones’ imbalance with testosterone prevalence, promotes these results and increases endurance of girls. However, the isolated Ruffier test does not fully reflect the satisfactory adaptation of an adolescent’s body. It is necessary to compare the results of the functional study of adolescent girls with the peculiarities of their hormonal status.Conclusions. A big proportion of girls with tall and higher than average height is the peculiarity of physical development of modern female adolescents. In the absence of pathology of puberty, the adaptive reactions of a body of an adolescent girl are characterized by increased exposure to the sympathoadrenal system. The use of Baevsky’s adaptive potential, calculated for adolescent patients, does not allow even screening to identify individuals at risk of stress or adaptation failure, which indicates the need to expand the scope of examination of adolescents using functional tests and calculation coefficients.

EI24 promotes cell adaption to ER stress by coordinating IRE1 signaling and calcium homeostasis.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a subcellular organelle crucial for protein folding and calcium storage. Accumulation of unfolded proteins or calcium depletion causes ER stress. Deficiency of ER stress adaptation leads to apoptosis, which is associated with several human disorders. Here, we reveal that ER transmembrane protein EI24 promotes cell adaptation to ER stress by coordinating the IRE1 branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and calcium signaling. Under nonstressed conditions, EI24 binds to the kinase domain of IRE1 to inhibit its activation. Upon ER stress, EI24 disassociates from IRE1 to permit UPR activation, and meanwhile targets IP3R1 to prevent ER calcium depletion, which together promote cell adaptation to ER stress. EI24 knockout causes failure of ER stress adaptation and apoptosis. Thus, EI24 is a novel anti-apoptotic factor implicated in ER stress signaling.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Crosslink among Inflammation, Nitroxidative Stress, Intestinal Microbiota and Alternative Therapies.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by a set of metabolic complications arising from adaptive failures to the pregnancy period. Estimates point to a prevalence of 3 to 15% of pregnancies. Its etiology includes intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the progenitress, which may contribute to the pathophysiogenesis of GDM. Recently, researchers have identified that inflammation, oxidative stress, and the gut microbiota participate in the development of the disease, with potentially harmful effects on the health of the maternal-fetal binomial, in the short and long terms. In this context, alternative therapies were investigated from two perspectives: the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, with probiotics and prebiotics, and the use of natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may mitigate the endogenous processes of the GDM, favoring the health of the mother and her offspring, and in a future perspective, alleviating this critical public health problem.

MIF does only marginally enhance the pro-regenerative capacities of DFO in a mouse-osteotomy-model of compromised bone healing conditions.

The initial phase of fracture healing is crucial for the success of bone regeneration and is characterized by an inflammatory milieu and low oxygen tension (hypoxia). Negative interference with or prolongation of this fine-tuned initiation phase will ultimately lead to a delayed or incomplete healing such as non-unions which then requires an effective and gentle therapeutic intervention. Common reasons include a dysregulated immune response, immunosuppression or a failure in cellular adaptation to the inflammatory hypoxic milieu of the fracture gap and a reduction in vascularizing capacity by environmental noxious agents (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis or smoking). The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is responsible for the cellular adaptation to hypoxia, activating angiogenesis and supporting cell attraction and migration to the fracture gap. Here, we hypothesized that stabilizing HIF-1α could be a cost-effective and low-risk prevention strategy for fracture healing disorders. Therefore, we combined a well-known HIF-stabilizer - deferoxamine (DFO) - and a less known HIF-enhancer - macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) - to synergistically induce improved fracture healing. Stabilization of HIF-1α enhanced calcification and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. In vivo, only the application of DFO without MIF during the initial healing phase increased callus mineralization and vessel formation in a preclinical mouse-osteotomy-model modified to display a compromised healing. Although we did not find a synergistically effect of MIF when added to DFO, our findings provide additional support for a preventive strategy towards bone healing disorders in patients with a higher risk by accelerating fracture healing using DFO to stabilize HIF-1α.

Социологическое измерение реакции пользователей на блокировку Инстаграм: оценка экспертов

Social networks have become an integral element of modern life and are a tool for making public opinion. Today, without them, communication and development of creative potential of the individual is unthinkable. This study was aimed at studying psychological adaptation of the followers of two Instagram accounts to the blocking of this social network. The subject of this study was the information (opinion of followers) received during the first day after blocking Instagram. As a research method, we used a sociological survey in «stories» using a questionnaire that included three questions with four answer options. The mental status and emotional state of the subscribers were also assessed by their further personal interviews. The first account was presented with 10,000 followers, the second with 9,100 followers in the age range from 25 to 55 years old. Less than 10% of the followers took part in the examination. However, most of them refused to be surveyed. It was found that the blocking of Instagram was accompanied by a distress of the usual emotional-informational and supportive space – emotional reactions with a high degree of stress response, loss of social recognition, ways of obtaining it, implementation, monetization, up to a failure of adaptation in some content consumers. In the compared groups, differences were found in such indicators as anxiety, fear, anger, apathy and loss of strength. There were also found differences in reaction to future building, which requires further study. The obtained data on the reaction of subscribers of specific accounts can be extrapolated to other accounts and social networks, as reflecting the process of mediatization of social space, including professional space.

Risk Readiness as an Adaptive Resource: Subjective Assessments of the Adult Population of Russia

The article attempts to deepen scientific knowledge about the role of risk preparedness as an adaptive resource at different stages of the process of adaptation to uncertainty. Based on analysis of the scientific literature, the essence of risk readiness is shown as a rational choice of the method of interaction with uncertainty, based on the assessment of the situation by the adaptant, his own capabilities and the consequences of the decision made. The approach to measuring risk readiness through a subjective assessment of its sufficiency / lack / neutrality as an adaptive resource is substantiated. The theoretical basis is the position of the sociology of adaptations by L. V. Korel about the differentiation of adaptation resources according to their relationship with the speed and level of adaptation of the subject. An empirical interpretation of the speed of adaptation is proposed through the adaptive capacity and the level of adaptability, and the success / failure of adaptation through selfassessment of social well-being. The hypothesis of the relationship between the risk readiness of the adult population of Russia with the indicators of the speed and success of adaptation to the conditions of uncertainty caused by transformational processes in modern society is subjected to empirical testing on the basis of “RLMSHSE” data analysis. Socio-demographic factors differentiating respondents by subjective assessment of risk readiness, such as gender and age, are recorded. It has been established that a high subjective assessment of risk readiness associated with high assessments of adaptive capacity and adaptability level determines a high rate of adaptation. The relationship between the subjective assessment of risk readiness and the level of social well-being is shown. Risk readiness is justified as a specific adaptive resource that ensures the speed of the adaptation process and its result “at the exit” – the success or failure of adaptation to uncertainty conditions.

Screening for borderline personality pathology on college campuses.

Although borderline symptoms show a normative decline throughout adulthood, severe psychosocial impairment often remains. Identifying personality pathology in college-age students may help prevent "adaptive failure" that can occur during the critical period of development from puberty through the late 20s and thus reduce impairment later in life. The aims of the current study were to estimate the prevalence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a diverse college sample, determine which symptoms confer the greatest relative risk of screening positive for BPD and examine the utility of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 brief form (PID-5-BF) in identifying BPD. Participants were 1456 undergraduate students, and 312 individuals (21.4% of the sample) screened positive for BPD. Chronic feelings of emptiness conferred the greatest relative risk of any symptom; students who endorsed this symptom were 15 times more likely to screen positive for BPD than those who did not. Scales and composite scores of the PID-5-BF demonstrated diagnostic accuracy ranging from sufficient to excellent. The current study contributes to literature concerning best practices in screening for personality pathology in young adults. Results suggest that chronic feelings of emptiness are significant for detecting at-risk students and implications for the use of the PID-5-BF are discussed.

Study on High Temperature Resistant Packaging of Ultra High Temperature Fabry–Perot Optical Fibre Vibration Sensor

Thermal stress failure is the bottleneck that is restricting the development of ultra-high temperature sensors, and reliable packaging is crucial in their development process. In this paper, a two-step packaging structure was proposed for the high temperature resistant failure packaging challenges of the ultra-high temperature Fabry–Perot optical fibre vibration sensor. First, a high temperature resistant AlN base was selected according to thermal simulation. A reliable bond between the AlN base and the 6H-SiC vibration-sensitive element was designed, which could effectively avoid the failure of thermomechanical stress adaptation during drastic temperature change. In addition, a high temperature resistant ZrO2 support tube with a length of 20 cm, an outer diameter of 16 mm, and an inner diameter of 12 mm was designed as the optical fibre lead-out support structure by using finite element simulation and optimisation. Moreover, the influence of fastening fixtures on the sensor mode was analysed. The simulated first-order resonance frequency of the sensor was 2644.9 Hz, while the actual measurement was 2620 Hz. The difference was only 0.9%. Finally, the validity of the design was verified by experiments, and the sensor achieved reliable operation at 1200 °C.

Abstract 11091: Failure of Right Ventricular Adaptation to Pressure Overload Due to a Profound Deficiency in Adenylate Kinase 1 and Impaired Ventricular Energetics

Introduction: Interindividual heterogeneity in the ability of the right ventricular (RV) to adapt to pressure overload in pulmonary hypertension (PH) is likely influenced by genetic determinants. We took advantage of strain-dependent, maladaptive RV remodeling in Fischer compared to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to define the molecular and genetic mechanisms that predispose to development of RV failure in PH. Methods/Results: In the SU5416/hypoxia(SUHx) PH model, Fischer rats exhibited RV failure and 100% mortality by 5-weeks, whereas SD rats showed preserved RV function and 88% survival beyond 9 weeks (p&lt;0.0001). In vivo oxidative metabolism, assessed by [ 11 C]acetate PET, was increased in Fischer rats at 4 weeks (p&lt;0.05), associated with impaired RV efficiency compared to SD (work metabolic index: 58±12 vs 102±20 mmHg·mL/cm 2 , respectively; p&lt;0.001), but no differences were observed in mitochondrial complex activity in permeabilized RV cardiac fibers. Adenylate Kinase 1 (AK1) was among the top ten differentially expressed genes between Fischer and SD rats by unbiased transcriptomic analysis, with markedly lower expression in the RV of Fischer rats (FC:3.36, P&lt;0.05). Profound AK1 deficiency was confirmed by proteomics and validated by Western blotting (&gt;10-fold reduction, P&lt;0.001). Fischer rats also exhibited evidence of hemolysis, recapitulating the hemolytic phenotype seen in patients with rare AK1 coding region mutations. While whole genome sequencing failed to reveal any coding region mutations in Fischer rats, there was a unique variant in a highly conserved upstream flanking region. AK1 levels were also reduced in the RV of PH patients with decompensated RV function and right heart failure. Conclusion: Fischer rats with AK1 deficiency have inefficient energetics likely related to reduced ATP shuttling from the mitochondria to the contractile fibers, which represents a novel mechanism for RV failure in response to chronic increases in afterload.

Redefining climate change maladaptation using a values‐based approach in forests

Abstract Climate change adaptation can have unexpected and detrimental effects, typically conceptualized as maladaptation and narrowly defined in relation to climatic hazards and climate vulnerability. We revisit this narrow framing of maladaptation using a deliberative risk analysis method in 16 focus groups across British Columbia, Canada, where forests are crucial to social, economic and environmental well‐being. By analysing emergent logics of support and opposition around genomics‐based assisted migration as an adaptation strategy in forests, we identify four sources of potential maladaptation in this context: technical failure, opportunity cost, path dependence and the too‐narrow framing of adaptation. Combined, these suggest that maladaptation is also too narrowly conceptualized, reflecting an obsolete definition of adaptation as rational adjustment to climatic hazards. Rather than being a failure of adaptation, per se, we argue that maladaptation comprises climate‐adaptive policies or actions that, in a broader frame, threaten the very values that decision‐makers ostensibly seek to protect and enhance. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

VEGETATIVE REACTIVITY OF CHILDREN WITH STREPTOCOCCAL TONSILITIS ON THE BACKGROUND OF HERPES VIRAL INFECTION

Streptococcal infection in children, its complications and adverse long-term consequences remain an urgent problem in pediatrics. Scientists continue to search for factors that shape the course of the disease. One of them is the timely and adequate response of the autonomic nervous system, which provides both short-term and long-term strategic adaptation of the organism. Violations of this adaptation can lead to the presence of comorbid conditions, which are increasingly common. The share of children is growing. infected with the herpes virus group, including human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6).&#x0D; &#x0D; The aim of the work was to study the state of vegetative reactivity (VR) of children with streptococcal tonsillitis on the background of HHV-6 infection. In 68 children aged 4 - 15 years with tonsillitis of streptococcal etiology of moderate severity, vegetative reactivity was determined by cardiointervalography (CIG) followed by analysis of heart rate variability (CP) depending on the presence or absence of concomitant HHV-6 type of infection. The studies were performed in the acute period of the disease and in the period of early convalescence. The control group consisted of 20 healthy children, similar in age and sex. Static processing of the obtained results was performed using Excel and Statistica 6.0 using parametric and non-parametric research methods.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results.&#x0D; In the acute period of streptococcal tonsillitis in children of both groups there was a decrease in the humoral component in the regulation of the system and the level of activity of the parasympathetic ANS, as evidenced by a decrease in Mo and ΔX, independent of background, p&gt; 0.05. There was an activation of the influence of the sympathetic link of the VNS, increased the degree of centralization of heart rate control in all patients, and this was confirmed by an increase in AMO and IN. Prior to the convalescence period, CIG parameters were restored only in patients without concomitant VGL-6 infection, and the interrelationships of the sympathetic and parasympathetic links of the VNS were restructured with increasing role of the latter. In patients with concomitant VGL-6 infection, the values ​​of ΔX and IN differed significantly from the control group, p˂0.05. Thus, in children with streptococcal tonsillitis on the background of HHV-6 infection, there was a decrease in the level of functioning of the sympathetic VNS, but complete recovery did not occur, indicating instability of adaptation processes, depletion of the parasympathetic VNS, which hides the possibility of failure of adaptation, recurrence of the disease and / or chronicity, the development of secondary disorders of the cardiovascular system.&#x0D; Conclusions.&#x0D; The acute period of streptococcal tonsillitis is accompanied by stress of the sympathetic VNS, the severity of which does not depend on the presence of concomitant herpes virus infection. In the period of convalescence of streptococcal tonsillitis in the presence of children with HHV-6 infection there is no complete recovery of autonomic reactivity, among which the most informative are ΔX and IN.

Association between relationship adaptation and Internet gaming disorder among first-year secondary school students in China: Mediation effects via social support and loneliness

Adolescents encounter numerous challenges and need to restructure their social relationships when they enter secondary schools. Relationship adaptation is critical and failure in adaptation may be associated with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). This novel study investigated the association between relationship adaptation and IGD and related mediation mechanisms via social support and loneliness among first-year secondary school students in Shanghai and Xi’an, China in 2018. Of 2573 participants, the prevalence of IGD was 13.1%. Relationship adaptation, social support, and loneliness were all significantly associated with IGD. The association between relationship adaptation and IGD was fully mediated by three indirect paths, including relationship adaptation → social support → IGD (effect size = 35.5%), relationship adaptation → loneliness → IGD (effect size = 34.3%), and relationship adaptation → social support → loneliness → IGD (effect size = 6.1%). In conclusion, the observed high prevalence of IGD among first-year secondary school students in China was associated with poor relationship adaptation. The full mediation effects via social support and loneliness suggest that modification of these two psychosocial attributes may effectively reduce the harmful impacts of poor relationship adaptation on adolescent IGD. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm the findings.

The place of literature adaptation in Afghan cinema

Literature entered this art from the beginning of the invention of cinema. When we study the history of cinema, we come across a large number of films adapted from literature. This shows that literature and cinema are mixed. Cinema and literature are two inseparable pairs because cinema has needed and will need literature and drama in all periods of its development. In principle, it can be said that cinema has no meaning without literature. In all countries there are native stories and original stories that screenwriters use to write their screenplays. Adaptation is a way to produce films from short and long stories, legends, novels, plays and ancient works of the countries of the world. When one looks at movies adapted from stories and novels, we see that most of the adaptations have been dramatically successful. At least in terms of storytelling, they have been able to satisfy their audience. But in Central Asian countries, especially in Afghanistan, adaptation has been very poor. Afghan screenwriters are more committed to original screenplays and have made less effort to adapt to literature. Cinema can never be separated from literature because half of the cinema that is drama is taken from literature. It should not be forgotten that every film that is made is an adaptation of the natural world and the world around us. Literature is essentially a drama about what is happening around us. Cinema can make it a tangible image. But when filmmakers want to adapt from literature, they focus on the events of the story instead of getting more meaning, which leads to the failure of cinema to adapt to literature. This is the situation in Afghan cinema, which has led to the failure of adaptation in Afghan cinema.

534 - Grief in de elderly and its impact

IntroductionWith coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a lot of people have succumbed and older adults were disproportionately affected. (1,2) Also, grief is encountered frequently in clinical practice with the elderly, and can be defined as the natural response to the death of a loved one. Still, when a failure of adaptation occurs then a Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) can be diagnosed, which has been recently included in ICD-11. The principal feature of PGD is a persistent preoccupation or an intense longing for the deceased that lasts longer than 6 months after the death. (3)Objective:Comprehend the grief in the elderly and its implications in their health.Methods:The author conducted a literature review by searching the Pubmed database using the keywords elderly; grief; complicated grief; covid-19Results:PGD is relatively prevalent among the elderly and has been associated with some variables related to the death time of the deceased, being the prevalence inversely correlated with the deceased’s. (4, 5) Additionally, older adults present a higher risk of developing PGD when they are lesseducated, male, have poorer cognitive performance, and a history of depression. (3) PGD is characterized by sadness, fascination with or excessive avoidance of the memories associated with the deceased, the memory of the loss and mental ruminations about death. According to some investigations, PGD reduces life expectancy, increasing the odds of death, causes severe behavioural symptoms, and is associated with longer-term functional impairment. (4,5)Conclusion:Given these results, it is easy to understand the need for a closer monitoring of these patients during this global crisis. Moreover, it is also important to find new ways to do that while complying with COVID-19 rules and restrictions. A short-term evidence-based intervention for PGD effective in the elderly is based on support focused upon these seven themes: understanding their grief, managing emotional pain, thinkingabout the future, strengthening their relationships, telling the story of the dead, learning to live with reminders of the deceased, and connecting with memories. (3)

Possibilities of recombinant cytokines in the structure of training of highly qualified athletes

Serious sports achievements are associated with extreme impacts on the human body: psycho-emotional and physical loads of the training period, competitions requiring the mobilization of all the adaptive reserves of the body, changes in climatic conditions when athletes move long distances, adverse environmental factors leading to hypothermia. The combination of these factors has a depressing effect on the immune system. The emergence of immune disorders in athletes during periods of extreme physical and psycho-emotional stress made it possible to identify the mechanisms of adaptation failure and depletion of immunity reserves, which requires corrective measures. Roncoleukin® is a complete structural and functional analogue of endogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) and has the same spectrum of functional activity. It is able to compensate for the deficiency of IL-2 and reproduce its effects as one of the key components of the cytokine network.