Adaptive Web Services Research Articles

WSFeIn: A Novel, Dynamic Web Service Composition Adapter for Cloud-Based Mobile Application

Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) has been a cornerstone development in today’s fast-paced world, covering the lifecycle of services and contributing to service delivery through distributed applications. SOC is striving to integrate cloud computing with complicated mobile apps. Dynamic and adaptable web service composition is the tip of the iceberg for SOA adoption. Dynamic service binding is vital for mobile computing due to the need for distributed mobile internet consumption at runtime. This study addresses SOC difficulties associated with web service composition, whose growth creates a paradigm change in identifying data type matching solutions. This allows for data type-level matching research to ensure high-quality web service creation. In this work, the composition process is divided into three phases: web service discovery, web service selection, and web service composition, where web service personalization and workflow reliability are emphasized. The final result is a complicated mobile app that runs without depleting device resources and an adaptable, reusable web service composition workflow. This improves matching at the data type level, an SOC pain point.

Засоби забезпечення та засвідчення якості контекстно-залежної композиції семантичних веб-сервісів

Author’s Method for Adaptive Semantic Web Service dynamic composition is enriched with the algorithms for both its Context dedicated OWL-S-specification consistent using over its Life Cycle and Cyclic Dependencies at the function level solving with the Formalisms proposed of Knot-service, Proxy-service and Simplification – for sustain Quality implementing of Web Service being formed. Quality assurance for stakeholders is proposed through dynamic verification, in particular meeting the specified context and liveness, with the process Calculus of Context-aware Ambients. The algorithms proposed increase correspondence of Web Service being formed with Customers’ expectations and enable its sustain context-aware tailoring for unified support of both modern organizations’ variable and distributed Business Processes and some problem field Customers’ needs.

Urban Data Dynamics: A Systematic Benchmarking Framework to Integrate Crowdsourcing and Smart Cities’ Standardization

Urbanization and knowledge economy have highly marked the new millennium. Urbanization brings new challenges which can be addressed by the knowledge economy, which opens up scientific and technical innovation opportunities. The enhancement of cities’ intelligence has heavily impacted city transformation and sustainable decision-making based on urban data knowledge extraction. This work is motivated by the strong demand for robust standardization efforts to steer and measure city performance and dynamics, given the growing tendency of conventional cities’ transformation into smart and resilient ones. This paper revises the earlier so-called “cityDNA” framework, which was designed to detect the interrelations between the six smart city dimensions, such that a city’s profile and capacities are recognized in a systematic manner. The updated framework implements the widely accepted smart city (ISO 37120:2018) standard, along with an adaptive Web service, which processes urban data and visualizes the city’s profile to facilitate decision-making. The proposed framework offers a solid benchmarking service, at which the value of crowdsourced data is exploited for the production of urban knowledge and city transformation empowerment. The proposed benchmarking approach is tested and validated through relevant case studies and a proof-of-concept scenario, in which open data and crowdsourced data are exploited. The outcomes revealed that cities should intensify their KPI-driven data production and exploitation along with a set of solid standards for cities to enable cities with customizable scenarios enriched with indicators that reflect each city’s vibrancy.

Web Service Adaptation for the Customization of Early Alerts in Agriculture

Early warning systems are designed to inform the largest number of users, such as a country or a region, about a risky situation. However, in specific domains such as agriculture, it is commonly required for these alerts to be more specific according to the crops location and their properties. Consequently, the web services of these systems must be adapted. On the other hand, the enterprise services bus, with its mediation capabilities (such as message transformation and routing), and complex event processing with their monitoring characteristics, can be integrated to meet the adaptation requirements of web services at runtime. This paper presents an improvement for an early warning system for coffee production that, according to the area in which a crop is located and its phenology, manages the adaptation of alerts for coffee rust, based on the integration of an enterprise services bus and a complex events processing.

Novel recommendation system based on long‐term composition for adaptive web services

ABSTRACTIn the era of digital web services, composition of features on the fly is inevitable. The Long‐term Composed Service (LCS) entertains the composition of features to any extent, since it has an open‐ended lifetime. In the proposed research work, we have intended to provide service support to run the business toward a long time commitment. Structure‐based recommended system for LCSs (RS‐LCSs) is proposed, where user queries and recent updation/requirements are considered for exhibiting the response through the system. In the proposed system, business has been regulated according to the time constraints. We have tested our proposed system on the standard benchmark dataset and quantitative metrics show our proposed method has performed well against the compared methods. The forecasting of business has been done through our model to address the recent queries and new requirements issues to provide an adaptive web service for the business development.

Formal Specification of Adaptable Semantic Web Services Composition

This article proposes a formal specification method for Web services composition based on context-aware semantic planning graph technique. The authors first use a graph planning technique to conceive an adaptable semantic Web services composition. They use an ontology based context model for extending Web services descriptions with information about the most suitable context for its use. Then, the composition problem is transformed into a semantic context aware graph planning problem to build a set of best-composed Web services based on the user's context. Because of the error-prone nature of the Web services composition process, and with the integration of context information in this process, the complexity of Web services-based systems is increasing, hence the need for formal specification and verification approaches of such systems. The authors seek to use CCA calculus, to formalize Web services composition expressed in terms of adaptable OWL-S, and transform the description of workflow patterns into the description patterns in terms of CCA, a calculus for context-aware ambients.

Уніфікований процес композиції адаптивного сервісу в семантичному Веб-середовищі

Уніфікований процес композиції адаптивного сервісу в семантичному Веб-середовищі

Green Adaptation of Real-Time Web Services for Industrial CPS Within a Cloud Environment

Managing energy efficiency under timing constraints is an interesting and big challenge. This paper proposes an accurate power model in data centers for time-constrained servers in Cloud computing. This model, as opposed to previous approaches, does not only consider the workload assigned to the processing element, but also incorporates the need of considering the static power consumption and, even more interestingly, its dependency with temperature. The proposed model has been used in a multiobjective optimization environment in which the dynamic voltage and frequency scaling and workload assignment have been efficiently optimized.

Neuroimaging, Genetics, and Clinical Data Sharing in Python Using the CubicWeb Framework.

In neurosciences or psychiatry, the emergence of large multi-center population imaging studies raises numerous technological challenges. From distributed data collection, across different institutions and countries, to final data publication service, one must handle the massive, heterogeneous, and complex data from genetics, imaging, demographics, or clinical scores. These data must be both efficiently obtained and downloadable. We present a Python solution, based on the CubicWeb open-source semantic framework, aimed at building population imaging study repositories. In addition, we focus on the tools developed around this framework to overcome the challenges associated with data sharing and collaborative requirements. We describe a set of three highly adaptive web services that transform the CubicWeb framework into a (1) multi-center upload platform, (2) collaborative quality assessment platform, and (3) publication platform endowed with massive-download capabilities. Two major European projects, IMAGEN and EU-AIMS, are currently supported by the described framework. We also present a Python package that enables end users to remotely query neuroimaging, genetics, and clinical data from scripts.

Semantic Web service and pervasive information system conceptual adaptation

PurposeOne of the open questions is how to ensure the conceptual adaptation in the pervasive system. To answer this question, the authors needed to propose a generic model and a mechanism to describe this system and also need generic and semantic rules to ensure the adaptation. This paper aims to propose a model to describe the pervasive information system. Second, the authors suggest an approach to divide this model so as to describe each category of contextual information separately and ensure the adaptation in the pervasive system. Finally, the authors present examples of semantic rules executed in the pervasive system.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes an approach to ensure the conceptual adaptation in the pervasive system. To do it, the authors proposed a model to design the pervasive system and used semantic Web services. They proposed to divide the model to six descriptions related to the pervasive system categories information.FindingsPervasive information system, conceptual adaptation, semantic Web services and OWL-S are presented in this paper.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is presented in the purpose of the pervasive information system conceptual adaption in the pervasive system. In this, later, semantic Web services were used to ensure the adaptation by the adding of contextual information in the semantic Web service description.

A Data-Driven Service Creation Approach for End-Users

Spurred by Web technologies and service computing paradigm, more and more Web services have been delivered via standardized interfaces on the Internet. Mashup is exactly an enabling technology for end-users to combine these services into applications. However, there are some issues of end-user service development with mashup techniques. It not only requires users that develop application logics equipped with more or less programming skills, but also lacks a lightweight mashup model and systematic development approach in the existing mashup tools. To address these issues, we propose a data-driven service creation approach to facilitate application development and deployment. In the approach, we propose the service data model (SDM) for adaptation of heterogeneous Web services, the service relation model (SRM) for representation and refinement of data interaction between services, and the service process graph (SPG) for describing business logics of mashup applications. We develop an IFrame implementation for SDM that can facilitate service providers to wrap heterogeneous Web services in a unified way and display a visual element for the service. Meanwhile, we implement a pipeline as an intuitive form of SRM that can be used by end-users to develop business logic more effectively. To adapt the dynamic application scenarios, we also construct an event-driven execution mechanism for SPG. A lightweight service creation environment is then implemented to support end-users to develop applications in a simulative way, and a corresponding development methodology is introduced for this tool. Finally, the end-user evaluation and performance evaluation are conducted to evaluate our platform.

Formal specification of flexible web service composition

Web services give a standard way for interface definition, transport mechanism, description, discovery and integration of services. Although the heterogeneity among applications is reduced, mismatches may occur at different levels structural, behavioural and non-functional during web services composition process. These mismatches require adaptation to ensure the correct working between web services. In this paper, we propose an approach for dynamic web service composition and adaptation. We specify formally the flexible web service composition FWSC using a rewriting logic-based language namely Maude. We show how to adapt the interfaces of existing web services without having to operate on the source manually. As a result, existing web services may be easily reused in a broader range of applications, and services libraries do not need to store many variants of a component that differ only in how the interfaces are used.

Trustworthy Stigmergic Service Compositionand Adaptation in Decentralized Environments

The widespread use of web services in forming complex online applications requires service composition to cope with highly dynamic and heterogeneous environments. Traditional centralized service composition techniques are not sufficient to address the needs of applications in decentralized environments. In this paper, a stigmergic-based approach is proposed to model the decentralized service interactions and handle service composition in highly dynamic open environments. In the proposed approach, web services and resources are modeled as multiple agents. Stigmergic-based self-organization mechanisms among agents are deployed to facilitate adapting service composition. In addition, to overcome the limitations of traditional $QoS$ -based approaches, trust measurements are deployed as a criterion for service selection. To improve the performance of the proposed stigmergic-based approach under dynamic scale-free environments, we investigate the hybridization with local search operators to consolidate adaptation, and diversity schemes are introduced to facilitate continual service adaptation. Extensive experiments show the efficiency of the proposed approach in dealing with incomplete information and dynamic factors in composing and adapting web services in open environments. The experiment results also show that the proposed approach achieves a better performance than other traditional approaches.

Model-driven development of adaptive web service processes with aspects and rules

Modern software systems are frequently required to be adaptive in order to cope with constant changes. Unfortunately, service-oriented systems built with WS-BPEL are still too rigid. In this paper, we propose a novel model-driven approach to supporting the development of dynamically adaptive WS-BPEL based systems. We model the system functionality with two distinct but highly correlated parts: a stable part called the base model describing the flow logic aspect and a volatile part called the variable model describing the decision logic aspect. We develop an aspect-oriented method to weave the base model and the variable model together so that runtime changes can be applied to the variable model without affecting the base model. A model-driven platform has been implemented to support the development of adaptive WS-BPEL processes. In-lab experiments show that our approach has low performance overhead. A real-life case study also validates the applicability of our approach.

Web Services Adaptation at Policy Layer

Web services technology is evolving as a base for implementing service-oriented architectures (SOA), which has become an important architectural style for Web applications development. As Web Services development has grown considerably, the need for Quality of Service (QoS) has become a substantial aspect for developing reliable service applications. In diverse business domains, Web services need to exhibit quality characteristics such as response time, availability, and reliability. However, a problem arises when a Web service is modified, updated or replaced by a new one. The new Web service may not fully match the QoS features provided from the previous one, this unavoidable problem is recognized as a mismatch. Mismatches can be found in different layers of the Web service interoperability stack and corresponding adapters are needed to deal with this issue. This paper proposes a study to investigate the feasibility of achieving interoperability in Web services by evaluating the functionality of adapters when mismatches appear at the policy layer, which includes non-functional properties like QoS.

A User-Aware Approach to Provide Adaptive Web Services

Web services are rapidly gaining acceptance as a fundamental technology in the web fields. They are becoming the cutting edge of communication between the different applications all over the web. Because of today's wide diversity of devices to- gether with the variety of the user's preferences, context-aware web services are becom- ing a fundamental challenge that must be targeted. This issue is a part of the Human Computer Interaction (HCI) discipline and it aims at adapting the web service behavior according to the user's context such as his specific work environment, language, type of Internet connection, devices and preferences. Many solutions have been proposed in this area. Nevertheless, the adaptation was carried out only at the runtime and it partially covered the user's general context. In this paper, we introduce a new context-aware approach that provides adaptive web services. Our approach allows to express require- ments by taking into account potential user's profile in addition to the functional one. While the latter ensures the description of the web service-functionalities, adaptation expresses the ability of a service to be self-adapted to runtime context changes. Our approach deals with adaptation from the very beginning of the modeling step of a web service. Furthermore, it upgrades description and publication usual methods in order to support profile specification.

Service Composition Management: A Risk-Driven Approach

How to effectively and efficiently monitor, manage, and adapt web services in a composite service or a service-oriented application is becoming a significant issue. In this paper, we argue that it is insufficient to only solve emerging service faults at the deployment time or runtime; instead, we propose that the prediction of service faults is equally important. We devised a risk-driven service composition management (RDSCM) approach including four main phases: (1) preparation, (2) planning, (3) monitoring and reaction, and (4) analysis. By applying the proposed approach, risky component services can be removed earlier, and the fault source can be tracked and identified more easily when a fault occurs. We developed a prototype to realize the proposed approach, and conducted experiments to verify the approach. The imple- mentation and experiments demonstrate that the proposed risk-driven approach can effectively and efficiently ensure the robustness of a service-oriented system.

Decision support for Web service adaptation

With the Internet of Services, Web services from all areas of life and business will be offered to service consumers. Even though Web service technologies make it easy to consume services on arbitrary devices due to their platform independence, service messaging is heavyweight. This may cause problems if services are invoked using devices with limited resources, e.g., smartphones. To overcome this issue, several adaptation mechanisms to decrease service messaging have been proposed. However, none of these are the best-performing under all possible system contexts.In this paper, we present a decision support system that aims at helping an operator to apply appropriate adaptation mechanisms based on the system context. We formulate the corresponding decision problem and present two scoring algorithms—one Quality of Service-based and one Quality of Experience-based.Missing data and, thus, an incomplete system context is a serious challenge for scoring algorithms. Regarding the problem at hand, missing data may lead to errors with respect to the recommended adaptation mechanisms. To address this challenge, we apply the statistical concept of imputation, i.e., substituting missing data. Based on the evaluation of different imputation algorithms used for one of our scoring algorithms, we show which imputation algorithms significantly decrease the error imposed by the missing data and decide whether imputation algorithms tailored to our scenario should be investigated.

A Novel Process Network Model for Interacting Context-Aware Web Services

Context-aware web services have been attracting significant attention as an important approach for improving the usability of web services. In this paper, we explore a novel approach to model dynamic behaviors of interacting context-aware web services, aiming to effectively process and take advantage of contexts and realize behavior adaptation of web services and further to facilitate the development of context-aware application of web services. We present an interaction model of context-aware web services based on context-aware process network (CAPN), which is a data-flow and channel-based model of cooperative computation. The CAPN is extended to context-aware web service network by introducing a kind of sensor processes, which is used to catch contextual data from external environment. Through modeling the register link's behaviors, we present how a web service can respond to its context changes dynamically. The formal behavior semantics of our model is described by calculus of communicating systems process algebra. The behavior adaptation and context awareness in our model are discussed. An eXtensible Markup Language-formatted service behavior description language named BML4WS is designed to describe behaviors and behavior adaptation of interacting context-aware web services. Finally, an application case is demonstrated to illustrate the proposed model how to adapt context changes and describe service behaviors and their changes.

Research on dynamic business composition based on web service proxies

Web services-based business composition brings a number of advantages to the enterprise application development. How to select and compose the web services based on their functionality and QoS (Quality of Service) dynamically prove to be more and more important. In this paper we develop a proxy-based framework to compose Web services dynamically. The framework is featured with a QoS model, an effective service discovery and selection algorithms to facilitate the dynamic integration of Web services and management of abnormalities. Furthermore, a business process constructing method based on service slice is put forward to satisfy the users’ personalized requirements more effectively and flexibly. Our study concerns both functionality and QoS characteristics of Web services to identify the optimal business process solutions. A Complete case study is also included in this paper and the performance demonstrated that the framework and algorithms can provide a tangible and reliable solution to dynamic Web service composition and adaptation.