Adaptability Of Genotypes Research Articles

Differences in Tibia Shape in Organically Reared Chicken Lines Measured by Means of Geometric Morphometrics.

Simple SummaryOrganic poultry production should use only genetic lines and animals resistant to disease and well adapted to live outdoor, according to principles, rules, and requirements of organic farming systems. When broiler’s walking performance is reduced animals are not suitable for outdoor rearing. There is a straightforward relationship between bone health and growth rate in broilers. Body and breast weight play an important role in leg disorders. During the last decades, genetic selection has led to high producing broilers over the time. Unfortunately, fast growth may negatively influence correct leg development, reducing walking performance, and raising welfare issues. Leg abnormalities could represent a criterion for the choice of genetic lines suitable for organic production. A method for their early detection was developed in this study by means of Geometric Morphometrics (GM) that represents a tool for bone shape analysis and its correlation with walking capability. A valuable information emerged from the present study in relation to broiler intrinsic adaptability to organic production.In the present study, the conformation of the tibia of seven genetic lines of broilers was analyzed by Geometric Morphometrics and correlated to carcass weight and walking ability. The used chicken genetic lines were classified as fast, medium, or slow growing and ranked for their walking ability. Six chicken types were reared in an organic farm and slaughtered at 81 days of age while one slow-growing and highly walking line (Naked Neck) was reared in a commercial farm and used as external reference for moving activity and growth speed. A mixed landmarks and semi-landmarks model was applied to the study of tibia shape. Results of this study showed that: (i) body weight gain was positively correlated to the curvature of the antero-posterior axis of the tibia; (ii) the shape of the tibia and the active walking behavior were significantly correlated; (iii) walking and not-walking genetic lines could be discriminated in relation to the overall shape of the tibia; (iv) a prevalence of static behavior was correlated to a more pronounced curvature of the antero-posterior axis of the tibia. Results of this study revealed that the walking genetic types have a more functional and natural tibia conformation. This easy morphologic method for evaluating tibia shape could help to characterize the adaptability of genotypes to organic and outdoor rearing.

Adaptability and stability of conventional soybean by GGE biplot analysis

ABSTRACT The conventional soybean production has been re-establishing itself every year, due to the fact that the international market has demanded products with high agronomic performance and nutritional quality, free of genetically modified organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of conventional soybean genotypes in the southwestern Goiás state (Rio Verde, Montividiu and Santa Helena de Goiás), Brazil, during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons. A randomized blocks design was used, being tested eight genotypes (the cultivars BRS284, BRS283, BRS232, BRS317, NT11-1277, INT3459 and M6101 and the line NT1478SP). The grain and oil yields, as well as the oil and protein contents, were evaluated. Multi-environment analyses were performed using a heterogeneous residual variance model, and the GGE biplot analysis was used to describe the interrelationships between genotypes and environments. The most adapted and stable genotypes were BRS 317 for grain yield and BRS 283 for oil yield. They also corresponded more closely to the ideotype for the specific region, thus proving to be promising. NT1478SP showed the highest protein content. In the 2018/2019 crop season, Montividiu was more discriminating for the conventional soybean production, regarding grain and oil yields.

Models for optimizing selection based on adaptability and stability of cotton genotypes

ABSTRACT: In multi-environment trials (MET), large networks are assessed for results improvement. However, genotype by environment interaction plays an important role in the selection of the most adaptable and stable genotypes in MET framework. In this study, we tested different residual variances and measure the selection gain of cotton genotypes accounting for adaptability and stability, simultaneously. Twelve genotypes of cotton were bred in 10 environments, and fiber length (FL), fiber strength (FS), micronaire (MIC), and fiber yield (FY) were determined. Model selection for different residual variance structures (homogeneous and heterogeneous) was tested using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The variance components were estimated through restricted maximum likelihood and genotypic values were predicted through best linear unbiased prediction. The harmonic mean of relative performance of genetic values (HMRPGV) were applied for simultaneous selection for adaptability, stability, and yield. According to BIC heterogeneous residual variance was the best model fit for FY, whereas homogeneous residual variance was the best model fit for FL, FS, and MIC traits. The selective accuracy was high, indicating reliability of the prediction. The HMRPGV was capable to select for stability, adaptability and yield simultaneously, with remarkable selection gain for each trait.

Breeding research of genus Juglans representatives on the territory of EBDFC "Veseli Bokovenki"

Aim. To summarize the results on the breeding of the genus Juglans representatives within the territory of the Experimental and Breeding Dendrological Forest Center "Veseli Bokovenki" and to outline the prospects for future research. Results and Discussion. The current state, research results and prospects of using collections of breeding forms of the genus Juglans representatives at the Experimental Breeding Dendrological Forest Center (EBDFC) "Veseli Bokovenki" are analyzed. The 2016 survey showed that 7 out of 10 experimental objects derived from the genus Juglans representatives over a 120-year period have been preserved and are in a satisfactory condition within the territory of the Center. They are all in the context of the gene pool value. The Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) breeding history within the territory of EBDFC "Veseli Bokovenki" started with the creation of the Big and Small Kutsivsky gardens by M.L.Davydov in 1900. Planned scientific research into the Persian walnut breeding started here in the 1930s. In different periods of time, under the guidance of A.P.Yermolenko, F.L.Shchepotiev and P.P.Badalov, selection of drought-resistant and winter-hardy forms, interspecies hybridization and studies of reproduction and physiology of the genus Juglans representatives were carried out. Apomictic fruits of the Japanese walnut (Juglans ailantifolia Carriere), heartnut (J. ailantifolia Carr. ssp. cordiformis Rehd), Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim) and white walnut (Juglans cinerea L.) were obtained. The breeding results were summarized in chapters of the books "Nut Cultivation" and "Nuts". Recently, studies have focused on reproductive biology of breeding forms. The dichogamy type and laterality degree of the 80 best forms presented on the mother-graft plantation have been determined. The vast majority of the studied Persian walnut breeding forms are protandrous. Forms giving good yields in the harsh steppe conditions have been identified. Conclusions. All objects need preserving and wider using as a basis for breeding research. The priority objectives of further studies are phenotypic and genotypic diversity, reproductive biology and adaptability of the best forms of the Persian walnut and interspecies hybrids of the genus Juglans, inheritance of economically valuable traits, identification of more valuable forms and their involvement in subsequent breeding. The best cultivars need to be popularized, propagated vegetatively and introduced into nut industry, forestry, forest melioration and gardening.

Modelling of genotype by environment interaction to improve the recommendation of sugarcane cultivars for the state of Goiás, Brazil

Abstract The objective of this work was to identify environmental factors with significant effects on the genotype by environment interaction (GEI) of sugarcane, and to generate thematic maps yield adaptability of genotypes for the state of Goiás, Brazil, through the integrated use of factorial regression models and the geographic information system (GIS). The study was based on the yield of recoverable sugar (YRS) from cultivar field trials carried out in nine locations. Fourteen environmental factors were used, out of which 11 were divided into 10 crop growth phases, totaling 113 environmental covariates (ECs). The selection of ECs was done by successive simple linear regressions, and the respective genotypic sensitivity coefficients were used to generate adaptability maps. Approximately 57% of the GEI effects were related to the covariates longitude, average temperature at crop germination phase, and maximum temperature at the beginning of the phase of greatest growth. For YRS, the RB034128 and RB034021 clones show specific yield adaptations, and the RB034045 cultivar can share the growing area with the RB867515 check cultivar.

Adaptability of quinoa genotypes to altitudes and population densities in Colombia

This work aimed at evaluating and comparing agronomic characteristics of 15 quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) genotypes cultivated in two altitudes and sowing densities. The experiment initiated by individual plant selection in Brasília, DF, followed by progeny evaluation in Colombia, at 1,100 m and 1,850 m altitude and population densities of 30 and 12 plants m-1, with row spacing of 0,50 m. Eleven progenies and four commercial cultivars were tested. The progenies were obtained by selecting individuals in BRS Syetetuba based on plant height, grain and dry matter yield, harvest index and 1,000 grain weight. The genotypes with the highest grain yield were BRQ 8 (2,283 kg ha-1), Aurora (2,121 kg ha-1) and BRQ 4 (2,043 kg ha-1). In general, the genotypes had early plant cycle, from emergence to physiological maturity of 100-110 days at high plant density for the two altitudes. It is concluded that exploring variability in progenies originated from natural crosses is effective in the adaptation of quinoa to tropical environments. Moreover, genotypes tested in the Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah) maintain the same response relation when evaluated in Colombia.

Adaptation of a live-attenuated genotype I Japanese encephalitis virus to vero cells is associated with mutations in structural protein genes

The SD12-F120 is a live-attenuated genotype I strain of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and was obtained by serial passage of wild-type strain SD12 on BHK-21 cells combined with multiple plaque purification and virulence selection in mice. The large scale production and vast clinical trials always demand ideal safety and efficacy profile of live-attenuated vaccines. In the present study, SD12-F120VC has undergone serial passaging of P1-P30 in WHO qualified Vero cells to assess the potential effect of adaptation to growth on Vero cells. The series of experiments showed that vaccine SD12-F120VC (Vero cell adapted) variants have consistently increased in peak virus titer compared to early passages and have good adaptation to growth in Vero cells. The animal experiments showed that Vero cell adapted SD12-F120VC variants have attenuation phenotype in suckling mice and the plaque morphology for all SD12-F120VC variants was small. Vaccination of mice with SD12-F120VC vaccine produced complete protection for homologous SD12 genotype I strain, but failed to give the complete protection of vaccinated mice against the challenge of heterologous N28 genotype III strain. In response to immunization of SD12-F120VC in mice, the neutralizing antibodies titer against homologous SD12-F120VC and SD12 (GI) was higher than heterologous N28 (GIII) strain. The prM protein has 6 amino acid substitutions, of which 5 amino acid changes were confined at the start of the pr domain in the ∼40 amino acids, and some mutations in the pr domain of prM might contribute to Vero cell adaptation. Our findings in this study are important for validation, evaluation and quality control study of live attenuated flaviviruses vaccines and show that Vero cells are a suitable substrate for the production of a safe and stable live-attenuated JEV vaccine.

Adaptability and stability analyses of plants using random regression models.

The evaluation of cultivars using multi-environment trials (MET) is an important step in plant breeding programs. One of the objectives of these evaluations is to understand the genotype by environment interaction (GEI). A method of determining the effect of GEI on the performance of cultivars is based on studies of adaptability and stability. Initial studies were based on linear regression; however, these methodologies have limitations, mainly in trials with genetic or statistical unbalanced, heterogeneity of residual variances, and genetic covariance. An alternative would be the use of random regression models (RRM), in which the behavior of the genotypes is characterized as a reaction norm using longitudinal data or repeated measurements and information regarding a covariance function. The objective of this work was the application of RRM in the study of the behavior of common bean cultivars using a MET, based on Legendre polynomials and genotype-ideotype distances. We used a set of 13 trials, which were classified as unfavorable or favorable environments. The results revealed that RRM enables the prediction of the genotypic values of cultivars in environments where they were not evaluated with high accuracy values, thereby circumventing the unbalanced of the experiments. From these values, it was possible to measure the genotypic adaptability according to ideotypes, according to their reaction norms. In addition, the stability of the cultivars can be interpreted as variation in the behavior of the ideotype. The use of ideotypes based on real data allowed a better comparison of the performance of cultivars across environments. The use of RRM in plant breeding is a good alternative to understand the behavior of cultivars in a MET, especially when we want to quantify the adaptability and stability of genotypes.

Phenotypic adaptability and stability of herbaceous cotton genotypes in the Semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil

ABSTRACT Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop areas in the Northeast region of Brazil present high edaphoclimatic variability, which contributes to a strong genotype versus environment interaction (G × E). This situation requires the use of adaptability and stability methodologies to study G × E interaction before the selection and recommendation of cultivars. Among these methodologies, the genotype + G × E (GGE) biplot analysis has been currently used and highly recommended. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the G × E of cotton genotypes through GGE biplot analysis, focusing on the identification of adapted and stable genotypes for the Semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil. Four crop value and use tests were conducted in the municipalities of Apodi, state of Rio Grande do Norte, and Barbalha, state of Ceará, Brazil, in 2016 and 2017. A randomized block experimental design, with 17 treatments and four repetitions, was used. The treatments consisted of 17 cotton genotypes. The variables evaluated were: cotton seed and fiber yields. According to the analysis, the genotypes CNPA BA 2011-4436, CNPA BA 2011-1197, and CNPA BA 2010-1174 were stable and presented high adaptability to the evaluated region.

Оценка исходного материала озимой тритикале в селекции сортов зернокормового направления для предгорной зоны Центрального Кавказа

Abstract. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the source material of winter triticale for economically valuable traits for breeding varieties of grain and forage directions. Methods. The objects of study were winter triticale varieties of various ecological and geographical origin: Hortenso, Moderato (Poland), Prader (Switzerland), TGI 22/1, GR-16/2 (Russia), KS 88 T 142 (USA). Variety Valentin 90 was taken as a standard. Phenological observations and counts were carried out according to the method of state variety testing. The variability of winter triticale varieties was evaluated in the experiment with mowing shoots in the stalking phase at a height of 5 cm, at the test sites in triplicate. When evaluating the genotype-environment interaction, the Plant Productivity Index (PPI) was used. To assess the adaptability of genotypes to cultivation conditions, statistical methods were used to assess the plasticity and stability of varieties. Results. It was established that yields above 1 t/ha on average for three years were shown by variety varieties: Moderato (1.05 t/ha), GR 16/2 (1.14 t/ha) and Hortenso (1.19 t/ha). According to the values of the PPI, the variety specimens are highly productive: Valentin 90 (13.2), Hortenso (12.7), GR 16/2 (13.5), Moderato (11.6). In terms of ecological plasticity, the variety samples were divided into groups: the bi value is close to one – varieties well adapted to the conditions of the region (Prader, Hortenso, GR 16/2), extensive varieties – bi less than one (KS 88 T 142), intensive varieties – bi more units (Valentin 90, TGI 22/1, Moderato). According to the indicators of homeostaticity and breeding value, the variety samples were distributed in the following order, with decreasing values: Hortenso, GR-16/2, Valentin 90, Prader, TGI 22/1, Moderato, KS 88 T 142. Additional data were obtained by the method of provocative beveled plots, to determine potential productivity and regrowth. The best regenerative ability was shown by the variety samples: Hortenso, GR 16/2, Moderato, Prader. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that, for the conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus, promising winter triticale varieties were identified that can be used in breeding varieties of grain and feed direction: Hortenso, GR 16/2, Moderato, Prader.

Методи оцінки посухостійкості селекційного матеріалу пшениці

Wheat is one of the most valuable cereals on the planet and plays a leading role in the food supply of mankind. The range of wheat is very large, since it is cultivated on five continents in most countries of the world. The genetic improvement of wheat is crucial because of its direct impact on the economic development, international grain trade and food security of the country, so the relevance of research in solving many genetic-breeding problems regarding this crop is growing and acquires a qualitatively new character. The increase in productivity is the most important criterion in the cultivation of any crops, in particular wheat. Drought is one of the main limiting environmental factors that reduce plant productivity. In order to guarantee agriculture from losses in dry years, it is necessary to have varieties tolerant to moisture deficiency. That is why one of the priority areas of wheat breeding is the creation of varieties tolerant to the action of water deficiency. The success of breeding when creating drought tolerant forms largely depends on the correct assessment of the degree of their tolerance. Conducting research on the assessment of genotypes for tole­rance to water stress is one of conditions for increasing efficiency of the breeding process of this culture. The results obtained in the analysis of literature data, found that for screening of wheat varieties for drought tolerance there are many methods based on different principles of action, and each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. To accelerate the breeding process and obtain reliable results, it is necessary to apply various methods of researching samples on specific signs of tolerance to stress. The choice of method largely depends on the degree of its complexity, the duration of the assessment and throughput. Therefore, the creation of new and improvement of existing methods for assessing wheat breeding material for drought tolerance in conditions of increasing water deficit or temperature increase will make it possible to objectively characterize the level of adaptability of promising genotypes and predict their behavior in appropriate environmental conditions.

Carbon Isotope Composition and the NDVI as Phenotyping Approaches for Drought Adaptation in Durum Wheat: Beyond Trait Selection

High-throughput phenotyping platforms provide valuable opportunities to investigate biomass and drought-adaptive traits. We explored the capacity of traits associated with drought adaptation such as aerial measurements of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and carbon isotope composition (δ13C) determined at the leaf level to predict genetic variation in biomass. A panel of 248 elite durum wheat accessions was grown at the Maricopa Phenotyping platform (US) under well-watered conditions until anthesis, and then irrigation was stopped and plot biomass was harvested about three weeks later. Globally, the δ13C values increased from the first to the second sampling date, in keeping with the imposition of progressive water stress. Additionally, δ13C was negatively correlated with final biomass, and the correlation increased at the second sampling, suggesting that accessions with lower water-use efficiency maintained better water status and, thus, performed better. Flowering time affected NDVI predictions of biomass, revealing the importance of developmental stage when measuring the NDVI and the effect that phenology has on its accuracy when monitoring genotypic adaptation to specific environments. The results indicate that in addition to choosing the optimal phenotypic traits, the time at which they are assessed, and avoiding a wide genotypic range in phenology is crucial.

Models of sunflower productivity formation and their efficiency in the conditions of the north-eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Sunflower crops for the production of marketable products are in all regions of Ukraine, in particular in the zone of the northern Forest-Steppe and Polissya. This zone differs significantly by soil conditions from the regions of traditional crop distribution. This condition requires theoretical generalization and experimental research to develop a model of sunflower varieties with a high level of adaptability to new growing conditions 
 In general, the assessment of the level of adaptability of genotypes to the conditions of the zone using basic cultivation technologies is provided by demonstration landfills. The most complete range of domestic and foreign sunflower hybrids focused on the area of North-Eastern Forest-Steppe and Polissya is presented at the demonstration site of the Institute of Agriculture of the Northeast NAAS. The research was conducted within the program to develop the model of the variety for the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe and Polissya of Ukraine, (state registration number - 0116U001506). The study was performed in 2016‒2020 at the Institute of Agriculture of the Northeast NAAS of Ukraine and Sumy National Agrarian University. Hybrids (28‒56) of different originators were tested annually.
 The general dynamics of sown areas, yield and gross production of sunflower in Sumy region in 2016‒2020 is analyzed. It was established that higher crop yields compared to the average in the country, led to the increase in the annual growth in areas under sunflower from 2‒5 % in 2010 to 11‒16 % in 2019 and 2020.
 Currently, the share of sunflower crop in the structure of arable land in the region is 25.4% compared to the average of 19.7% in Ukraine Maintaining such dynamics in the near future may be the main limiting factor for productivity growth. If such dynamics will be maintained in the near future, it may become the main limiting factor for productivity growth. 
 According to the results of the analysis of weather conditions in 2016 2020, indicators of vegetative and generative development of plants of different genotypes at the demonstration site, the 2-level algorithm for realizing the generative potential of hybrids was proposed. It was determined by the length of their growing season and their place in the groups with different models of yield formation It was found that in years close to the average long-term difference in one day of the growing season was proportional to the yield ‒ 34 kg, in drier and hotter years the value increases to 50 kg/ha. 
 The ability of hybrids to provide the estimated average yield (for 3 years or more) was defined as the basic level of their adaptability to the conditions of the zone. The minimum values of indicators with a high level of correlation with the parameters of plant productivity are determined. According to the results of the analysis of values of indicators, their stability in different weather conditions the difference in algorithms of formation of productivity is established. The parameters of groups of hybrids of the model of productivity formation which provided higher than the basic level of adaptability to the conditions of the zone were analyzed.
 It was established that the model with a satisfactory level of adaptability is realized due to a slight excess of the values of the basic indicators of the parameters that determine the development of the leaf apparatus of plants and the structure of their productivity. Models with a higher level of adaptability are characterized by a significant excess of baseline values for several or most indicators.

Multivariate adaptability and stability of soya bean genotypes for abiotic stresses

AbstractDrought stress, salinity and aluminium toxicity are considered the most critical abiotic factors limiting the growth of soya bean plants, accounting for the low yield of the crop in the Cerrado region. Our hypothesis is that soya bean cultivars have differential morphological responses to stressful environmental conditions. Thus, an experiment was carried out with the purpose of identifying and recommending soya bean genotypes that simultaneously combine adaptability and stability for morphological traits when subjected to stressful environmental conditions. Drought, saline and aluminium stresses were induced in seeds of 25 soya bean cultivars. Seed germination, and length and dry mass of the seedlings were measured. For each trait, adaptability and stability were evaluated by the Lin & Binns method and simultaneously considering all traits for the set of environments. There was significant GxE interaction for all traits evaluated. The genotypes 97R50 IPRO, BMX Bônus IPRO and 98R31 IPRO simultaneously combine adaptability and stability for all traits measured. These genotypes can be cultivated both under optimal and abiotic stress conditions, such as those investigated in this study. Additionally, they can be used as parents in crossing blocks aiming at obtaining genotypes resistant to drought, saline and aluminium toxicity stresses.

VARIATION IN LEAF SHAPE IN A QUERCUS LOBATA COMMON GARDEN: TESTS FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES

Oak leaf morphology is highly variable. Leaf shape in oaks has been shown to covary with climate, and leaf dissection is negatively correlated with hydraulic resistance. Such patterns may reflect local adaptation of genotypes or plastic responses to local environments. We tested two hypotheses regarding variation in leaf shape in Quercus lobata Nee, a widely distributed oak tree endemic to California, using subsamples of trees from a large provenance trial involving source populations throughout the species range. First, we tested the hypothesis that variation in leaf dissection (perimeter · area–1) and specific leaf area could be explained by adaptation to climate. If so, we predicted that the progeny of trees originating from contrasting climates would also contrast in leaf dissection or specific leaf area when grown in a common environment. Second, we tested the hypothesis that variation in leaf dissection is associated with photosynthetic rate. Because dissection affects hydraulic resistance and heat transfer, more dissected leaves are thought to experience lower water stress. If so, we predicted that individuals with more dissected leaves would maintain higher rates of photosynthesis than those with less dissected leaves, especially during hot and dry conditions. We found no association of leaf traits with maternal climate, but we observed a positive relationship between leaf dissection and photosynthetic rates. This result suggests variation in leaf shape may have functional consequences and influence how valley oaks cope with environmental stress in California's Mediterranean climate.

Weighted geometric mean index: A model to evaluate drought tolerance in post-rainy season sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

In India, post-rainy season sorghum, a cereal crop is very crucial for food and fodder security in the drought prone areas. The aim of this study was to provide an improved or better index to identify drought-tolerant genotypes. Stress susceptible index (SSI) is currently the most commonly used index by plant breeders globally to select drought-tolerant genotypes. However, SSI has certain limitations which can be addressed by new index, i.e., weighted geometric mean index (WGMI). In the present study, 42 and 25 genotypes were evaluated under three environments during the post-rainy seasons of 2015–2016 and 2016–2017, respectively, using split plot design. Genotypes were categorized as tolerant, moderately tolerant and susceptible using model WGMI. Significant and negative correlations were observed between WGMI and SSI for grain and stover yield in most of the cases. The best index to identify drought-tolerant genotypes must be highly significantly correlated with traits under stress and non-stress environments. In this context, our proposed index demonstrated higher correlation with grain and stover yield in comparison with SSI and higher coefficient of determination to identify drought-tolerant genotypes. WGMI was found to be more appropriate and reliable indicator, as it gives information regarding higher yield along with drought tolerance. In addition, it was shown to provide information on wide adaptability of genotypes under several environments. The correlation studies suggested that the traits associated with drought tolerance were early flowering, longer peduncle length and higher panicle emergence (percent).

Adaptation and Yield Stability Evaluation of New Potato Genotypes Using GGE Biplot Method

Adaptation and Yield Stability Evaluation of New Potato Genotypes Using GGE Biplot Method

Performance and adaptability of common bean genotypes at different agro-ecological environments in Kagera region

Sixteen common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were used to study the genotype by environment interaction and grain yield stability. The randomized complete block design was used with three replicates. Data on yield were analyzed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot model was used to display graphical representation of the yield data and the yield stability index (YSi). The analysis of variance of the AMMI model indicated that environments accounted for 56.9% of the total sum of square; genotypes effect explained 9.2% and the G x E interaction effect accounted 8.9% of the total sum of squares for the 16 genotypes tested across three environments and were all significant (P < 0.01). The average grain yield were 2.7, 1.38 and 1.20 t ha-1 for Karagwe, Bukoba and Muleba respectively. According the results, the GGE biplot revealed that, the genotypes SSIN 1240, SAB 659 and DAB 219, SMR 101, SMC 162 and DAB 602 showed greater stability with the average closer to the overall average of the tested genotypes. Therefore they are recommended to be used as varieties or parents for further improvement of available cultivars. Key words: Adaptability, Phaseolus vulgaris, Kagera, genotypes, environment.

Analysis of the phenotypic adaptability and stability of strains of cowpea through the GGE Biplot approach

The cowpea is produced in different environmental conditions in several regions of Brazil. It is crucial to select and develop cultivars that attend to the regional requirements with high productivity, adaptability, and stability, due to the interaction between the genotype and the environment. This research aimed to select strains of cowpea for the simultaneous presence of high genotypic productivity, adaptability, and stability in the North-eastern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) by the GGE-Biplot method. The study assessed 27 genotypes: 23 strains and four cultivars, in six environments of the North-eastern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, during the years 2016, 2017, and 2018. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four repetitions. The GGE-Biplpot method assessed the genotypic adaptability and stability, by the use of the statistical software R. The interaction between the environment and the genotypes was complex, and the general average for the productivity of the grains was 1231.98 kg/ha. GGE-Biplot method was efficient in identifying the best strains to be suggested for the use in the North-eastern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The strains (9), (3), and (6) were classified as ideotypes due to their superior performance compared to the general average, and their stability. Their performance overcame the control cultivars BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Imponente, BRS-Itaim e CB-27.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de linhagens de arroz em Minas Gerais

A alternativa adotada nos programas de melhoramento genético para diminuir o efeito da interação genótipo x ambiente (G x A), é através da avaliação das linhagens em uma rede de experimentos, sendo esses, conduzidos em vários anos e ambientes representativos das regiões edafoclimáticas de cultivo. Diante disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva de genótipos de arroz de terras altas no estado de Minas Gerais, utilizando a ferramenta gráfica para análise de dados, o GGE biplot. Foram utilizados dados de produtividade de grãos, provenientes da avaliação de vinte linhagens de arroz do ensaio de Valor de Cultivo e Uso do programa de melhoramento de arroz de terras altas da Universidade Federal de Lavras em parceria com a Embrapa e Epamig. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos completos, com três repetições nas safras de 2013/2014, 2014/2015 e 2015/2016. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em um total de nove locais divididos dentro das três safras nas cidades de Lambari, Lavras e Patos de Minas, todas localizadas no estado de Minas Gerais. Concluiu-se com este trabalho que as linhagens foram em quase sua totalidade mais adaptadas e estáveis que as cultivares comerciais. Os genótipos 10 e 13 foram superiores à média geral para produtividade e apresentaram alta estabilidade, sendo candidatos futuros para lançamento como novas cultivares.