Adaptive Characteristics Research Articles

The Median Nerve Displays Adaptive Characteristics When Exposed to Repeated Pinch Grip Efforts of Varying Rates of Force Development: An Ultrasonic Investigation.

Repeated gripping with high grip forces and high rates of grip force development are risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. As the nerve's adaptive ability is crucial to prevent disease progression, we investigated how these risk factors influence median nerve deformation and displacement over the time course of a repeated pinch grip task. Seventeen healthy participants performed a repeated grip task against a load cell while their carpal tunnel was scanned with ultrasound. The grip task involved pulp-pinching three consecutive times from 0 to 40% maximal voluntary exertion (MVE), performed at three different rates of force development (RFD): 40% MVE/1 second; 2 seconds; and 5 seconds. Ultrasound images were analyzed at 10% MVE intervals. Nerve circularity, width, height, and cross-sectional area were measured to assess deformation. Median nerve displacement was assessed by its change in position relative to the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon of the third digit (FD) in both radioulnar and palmodorsal axes. Linear mixed modeling indicated that median nerve deformation increased, becoming more circular, with each repeated pulp-pinch (P < .01) and with grip force magnitude (P < .01). However, a faster RFD decreased nerve deformation (P < .01). Furthermore, the nerve displaced ulnarly during pulp-pinching, with greater displacement during the fastest (ie, 40% MVE/1 second) RFD (P < .01). The median nerve deformed and displaced in response to pulp-pinching; however, faster rates of force development hindered this adaptive response. This likely reflects the viscoelastic properties of the healthy nerve and subsynovial connective tissue, highlighting the importance of tissue compliance in preventing nerve compression.

Vulnerability evolution of critical infrastructures: A multidimensional environment-integrated system dynamics analysis

Critical infrastructures (CIs) form the foundation of modern society, highlighting the necessity of analyzing their vulnerability characteristics. Existing research on CI vulnerability has not fully explored the environmental impacts on CI vulnerability and the long-term dynamic characteristics of vulnerability. To address these gaps, this study proposes an integrated framework for CI vulnerability evolution that incorporates environmental factors from nature, physical, and socio-economic dimensions, along with four key components of CI vulnerability: risk exposure, physical fragility, environmental sensitivity, and recovery capacity. Then, a system dynamics (SD)-based model is developed to quantitatively measure the complex interactions between environmental factors and CI vulnerability, thereby revealing the dynamic evolutionary mechanisms of vulnerability driven by these interactions. The model's effectiveness is demonstrated through a case simulation, with the results revealing the following findings: First, the dynamics of CI vulnerability evolution arise from the long-term driving, feedback, and iteration processes between environmental factors and vulnerability. These processes shape the nonlinear growth and adaptive characteristics of CI vulnerability evolution. Second, each environmental factor has a distinct marginal impact and direction on the evolution of CI vulnerability. This study provides a holistic and dynamic analysis for CI vulnerability and offers insights for optimizing vulnerability mitigation strategies.

Endocytic Uptake of Self-Assembled Iridium(III) Nanoaggregates for Holistic Treatment of Metastatic 3D Triple-Negative Breast Tumor Spheroids.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents a formidable challenge due to its aggressive behavior andlimited array of treatment options available. This study focuses on employing nanoaggregate material of organometallic Ir(III) complexes for treatingTNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. In this approach, Ir(III) complexes with enhanced cellular permeability are strategically designed and achieved through the incorporation of COOMe groups into their structure. The lead compound, IrL1, exhibits promiscuous nanoscale aggregation in RPMI cell culture media, characterized by a stable hydrodynamic effective diameter ranging from 190 to 202 nm over 48 h.With excellent photo-responsive contrast-enhanced cell imaging properties IrL1 exhibits an outstanding IC50, 48hvalue of 36.05± 0.03 nm when irradiated with 390 nm light in MDA-MB-231 (IC50, 48 hof Cisplatin is 5.29 µµ).In cell, investigation confirms that IrL1 nanoaggregates internalization via energy-dependent endocytosisundergo ferroptosis and ROS mediated cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells.Further, these in vivo studies using NOD-SCIDmice confirmed that IrL1exhibits a tendency to ablate tumors inoculated in mice models at therapeutically relevant doses.Thus, this comprehensive approach holds promise for expanding the repertoire of organometallic Ir(III) nanoaggregates with adaptable characteristics, thereby advancing their clinical utility of nanomedicine in the holistic treatment of metastatic 3Dtriple-negative breast tumor spheroids.

Intra and inter specific variation of propagule settings of the family Rhizophoraceae in the Sundarbans mangrove forest

The Sundarbans mangrove forest in Bangladesh is home to the Rhizophoraceae family, which includes at least 7 species. Understanding the factors influencing mangrove species regeneration in specific areas, such as propagule dispersal, predation, and soil conditions, is crucial for comprehending how these populations establish and grow successfully in changing environments. However, there is limited research on the reproductive phenology of Rhizophoraceae in the Sundarbans. Our research was primarily focused on analyzing and comparing the reproductive phenology of three specific species, Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir., Rhizophora mucronata Lam., and Kandelia candel (L.) Druce within this diverse ecosystem. We studied the flowering pattern, conversion rate, and growth stages of the reproductive organs of these three species. Both inter- and intra-specific variations in propagule mass and size were also investigated. Our findings revealed that the flowers of these species were present for almost half of the year, with a monthly flowering peak occurring primarily in April and May. The propagule of R. mucronata (60.3 cm) was the longest in size which significantly varied from those of K. candel and B. sexangula. While the diameter and weight of the propagules of B. sexangula and K. candel were similar, they were significantly different from those of R. mucronata. In terms of length and surface area, there were significant variations among the propagules of the studied species. The mean surface area of the propagule was 359.7 cm2 in R. mucronata, 232.8 cm2 in K. candel, and 62.2 cm2 in B. sexangula. Regarding litterfall contribution, reproductive organ production in B. sexangula accounted for 29.1 %, in K.candel it was 37.7 %, and in R.mucronata it was 34.6 %. Our findings suggest that the production of reproductive organs in this mangrove forest is influenced by climatic factors as well as the specific adaptive characteristics of each species rather than solely dependent on the size of the reproductive organs.

Bifurcation Enhances Temporal Information Encoding in the Olfactory Periphery

Living systems continually respond to signals from the surrounding environment. Survival requires that their responses adapt quickly and robustly to the changes in the environment. One particularly challenging example is olfactory navigation in turbulent plumes, where animals experience highly intermittent odor signals while odor concentration varies over many length- and timescales. Here, we show theoretically that olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) can exploit proximity to a bifurcation point of their firing dynamics to reliably extract information about the timing and intensity of fluctuations in the odor signal, which have been shown to be critical for odor-guided navigation. Close to the bifurcation, the system is intrinsically invariant to signal variance, and information about the timing, duration, and intensity of odor fluctuations is transferred efficiently. Importantly, we find that proximity to the bifurcation is maintained by mean adaptation alone and therefore does not require any additional feedback mechanism or fine-tuning. Using a biophysical model with calcium-based feedback, we demonstrate that this mechanism can explain the measured adaptation characteristics of ORNs. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Research on recognition of slippery road surface and collision warning system based on deep learning.

Aiming at the problems of slow detection speed, large prediction error and weak environmental adaptability of current vehicle collision warning system, this paper proposes a recognition method of slippery road surface and collision warning system based on deep learning. Firstly, this paper uses the on-board camera to monitor the environment and road conditions in front of the vehicle in real time, and a residual network model FS-ResNet50 is proposed, which integrated SE attention mechanism and multi-level feature information based on the traditional ResNet50 model. The FS-ResNet50 model is used to identify the slippery states of the current road, such as wet and snowy. Secondly, the yolov5 algorithm is used to detect the position of the vehicle in front, and a driving safety distance model with adaptive traffic environment characteristics is established based on different road conditions and driving conditions, and an early warning area that dynamically changed with the speed and the road slippery states is generated. Finally, according to the relationship between the warning area and the position of the vehicle, the possible collision is predicted and timely warned. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper improves the overall warning accuracy by 6.72% and reduces the warning false alarm rate for oncoming traffic on both sides by 16.67% compared with the traditional collision warning system. It can ensure safe driving, especially in bad weather conditions and has a high application value.

A Study on the Water Management Knowledge of Traditional Villages from the Perspective of Stormwater Resilience—A Case Study of Changqi Ancient Village in Guangdong, China

With the advancement of resilience concepts, enhancing resilience capacity has become an effective approach to addressing rainwater and flooding issues. Most rural planning and construction efforts adopt urban planning models from economically developed regions, often leading to surface hardening, which subsequently causes drainage difficulties and severe surface water accumulation during the rainy season. In contrast, traditional Lingnan villages, exemplified by Guangdong’s Changqi Ancient Village, continue to function normally in flood-prone areas, suggesting that their water management knowledge merits investigation. Previous research on rainwater management in traditional Chinese villages has predominantly been qualitative, lacking scientific data support. This study employs an eco-social resilience perspective, combining field surveys and interviews with villagers, and utilizes the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) software to conduct both qualitative and quantitative analyses of Changqi Ancient Village. The findings reveal the following: (1) The SWMM effectively quantifies rainwater and flood management in traditional villages. (2) From an ecological resilience perspective, the village’s geographical location is crucial. The topography, along with a rainwater regulation system comprising rivers, ponds, ditches, and permeable pavements, significantly influences the village’s drainage performance. (3) From a social resilience perspective, community participation is vital to the long-term stable development of traditional villages. This includes post-disaster collective fundraising by villagers for the restoration of rainwater and flood management facilities, the formulation of village regulations, and the construction and restoration of spiritual sites. (4) From an eco-social resilience perspective, the eco-social resilience system exhibits adaptive cyclical characteristics, where the geographical environment and the local economy significantly shape the ecological spatial patterns of Changqi, while positive interaction between nature and human society ensures the system’s dynamic equilibrium.

Unveiling the Ecological and Pharmacological Perspectives of Lithophytic Life Form

Environmental extremes such as high temperature, cold, alkalinity, drought, and rocky substrate modulate plant growth and promulgate adaptive characteristics in plants. The same plants can be found inhabited in different life forms, namely epiphytic, lithophytic, terrestrial, halophytic, and psammophytic, based upon adaptive characteristics essential for their survival. Microorganisms residing on the surface or within rocks make a unique habitat referred to as “lithobiontic habitat,” which further facilitates weathering phenomena and accumulates water and nutrients from the ecosystem to form a lithobiontic ecological niche. Lithobionts are divided into two groups, namely epiliths and endoliths, based on their presence on rock surfaces. Lithophytes, the rock-inhabiting plants, thriving under extreme stress conditions adapted successfully and their extraordinarily challenging atmosphere encouraged them to make new forms of life. Many biotic and abiotic factors are responsible for dwelling in such environments. Lithophytes interact with their surroundings to obtain vital elements necessary for their metabolism and, because of natural selection, their morphology and physiology help them with better adaptation. Another factor that facilitates such adaptation in lithophytes is the association of a fungus with lithophytic roots to ensure nutrient supply for their survival and facilitate growth in extreme conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) root fungal associations commonly found among plants under stressed conditions help hosts adapt and promote plant life. In lithophytes, AM association aids in nutrient uptake from soil and facilitates plant survival under harsh conditions. The present review provides a comprehensive account of lithophytic life forms and covers different aspects of rock-dwelling plants concerning their historical background, classification, habitat, distribution in various families, root adaptive mechanisms, and phytopharmacological status. This review focused on plant species that can be considered among the most common representatives of lithophytes. This manuscript furnishes insights into different perspectives on the ecological and biological properties of the most common lithophytic species adapted to extreme rocky structures and explains their wide array of applications for pharmacological use.

Exploring the potential of bioactive compounds of Capparis spinosa L. from Morocco: Unveiling its antioxidant and antifungal powers against Alternaria alternata

Capparis spinosa L. is a Mediterranean shrub and one of the most important species of the gender Capparis due to its ecological, medicinal and economic importance. This species has strong adaptation characteristics to regions with fluctuating climates. This work aims to evaluate the effect of the locality’s climate and plant’s parts on the content of polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant and antifungal activities of caper leaves and seeds. The present study was carried out in 7 localities in 2 Moroccan regions, Oriental and Fez-Meknes, where we collected leaves and seeds samples. Phenolic compounds were determined by the Folin Ciocalteu method, antioxidant activity was studied by DPPH and ABTS tests and an in vitro test of antifungal activity was achieved using Alternaria alternata. The analysis of variance showed no significant effect of locality, plant’s parts and their interaction on the phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antifungal activities of C. spinosa. Methanolic leaves extracts demonstrated the most favorable outcomes, yielding a maximum polyphenol content of 124.48 ± 0.05 mg EAG/g DW. Additionally, the maximum flavonoid content was recorded at 24.51 ± 0.01 mg EQ/g DW. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration at 50 % (IC50) is 2.06 ± 0.05 mg/mL and 2.05 ± 0.02 mg/mL using DPPH and ABTS tests respectively. These extracts exhibited the highest % of inhibition, 30.59 % at 1000 ppm against A. alternata. The richness of the caper plant in bioactive compounds reveals an interest in its therapeutic and pharmaceutical virtues. In addition, it could be an alternative to chemicals for the control of phytopathogenic fungi on fruits or vegetables.

Characteristics of vhvp-2 gene distribution and diversity within the Vibrio causing translucent post-larvae disease (TPD)

Translucent post-larva vibriosis (VTPD) in Penaeus vannamei, caused by the virulence factor Vibrio high virulent protein 2 (vhvp-2) gene, poses a significant threat to the shrimp aquaculture industry in China. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the vhvp-2 gene distribution and genetic diversity among Vibrio, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of translucent post-larvae disease (TPD). A total of 6281 Vibrio genomes from the NCBI database were screened, revealing the presence of the vhvp-2 gene in 26 strains, predominantly in V. parahaemolyticus, with diverse locations on both plasmids and chromosomes. Comparative analysis of the genomes, plasmids, and the vhvp-2 gene successfully differentiated three distinct clusters of Vibrio species and identified at least two major plasmid groups. However, these plasmid groups did not exhibit the same evolutionary relationships as the host bacteria themselves. The analysis also revealed the conserved presence of the vhvp-2 gene along with genetic variations. Moreover, the widespread presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors in Vibrio strains enhances their pathogenicity and poses increased public health risks. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the adaptability, evolution, and ecological characteristics of Vibrio strains harboring vhvp-2 gene. This research provides a scientific foundation for the development of effective disease prevention and control strategies, contributing to the mitigation of TPD’s impact on the shrimp aquaculture industry and supporting its sustainable and healthy growth.

Multi-level stiffness property and isolating-based design of high damping rubber bearings

This study presents the development and analysis of high damping rubber bearings (HDRBs) with enhanced stiffness properties to improve seismic isolation performance. The proposed HDRBs exhibit displacement-dependent nonlinear stiffness and significant damping effects, especially under large deformations caused by various seismic events. A deformation history integral model, calibrated with experimental data, is employed to accurately simulate the mechanical behavior and stiffness-damping characteristics of the HDRBs. The numerical simulations are validated through experimental tests, providing a solid basis for parameter design and performance assessment. The results show that the equivalent stiffness coefficient of the HDRBs increases with deformation amplitude, effectively limiting extreme deformations. Parametric analyses and case studies across a wide range of earthquake scenarios demonstrate that the enhanced stiffness and high damping effects of HDRBs significantly improve seismic isolation efficiency while controlling isolation layer displacement. The performance-based design methodology developed in this research effectively limits bearing deformation, thereby preventing potential superstructure failures. Moreover, the adaptive characteristics of the HDRBs allow for the adjustment of deformation levels according to seismic intensity, ensuring the structural safety of buildings under varying earthquake conditions.

Characteristics Of Organizational Culture, Adaptation Ability, And Performance Of Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises

This study investigates the role of organizational culture, adaptability, and performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in facing market dynamics and technological developments. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a very important role in the economy, but often experience challenges in the adaptation process due to the lack of support from the right organizational culture. This study aims to explore the characteristics of organizational culture and adaptability in improving the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The results of the study show that an organizational culture that supports adaptation and innovation can significantly improve the performance of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The ability to adapt helps MSMEs respond to change and strengthens an organizational culture that is sensitive to needs. The results of this study indicate that the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector needs to implement an adaptive organizational culture to increase competitiveness and ensure survival in an ever-changing market.

A qualitative assessment of behavioral interview method among anesthesiology residency applicants

Background The objective of residency recruitment is to select the most appropriate candidate. While cognitive skills are identified before an interview and can be measured objectively, non-cognitive skills can be harder to discern. These non-cognitive skills though are a good predictors of future residency performance. A structured behavioral interview is better at identifying noncognitive skills compared to a traditional interview. Objective Compare the noncognitive traits identified in the interviews with those identified in resident evaluations Methods Using the semi-annual evaluations 6 residents were split between satisfactory group and excellent group. Behavioral-based interviews and traditional unstructured interviews conducted on the same individual were compared and the results of the interview were compared to the semi-annual and annual evaluations submitted by the teaching faculty and the program directors. The interviews were analyzed for non-cognitive skills. Results Qualitative analysis of behavioral interview narratives and the narrative part of the semiannual evaluations independently identified the non-cognitive characteristics of adaptability, decisiveness, time management, judgment, and the ability to work in a team. It also identified other essential non-cognitive skills necessary for an anesthesiologist, such as ability to prioritize, study techniques, ability to destress. Conclusion The noncognitive traits found in the excellent group response to the structured interview match those found in the semi-annual evaluations. In this case individuals who are suited to the field of anesthesiology are adaptable, decisive, team-players with excellent judgment.

Resilience Assessment and Influencing Factors Analysis of Water Security System in the Yellow River Basin

The assessment and regulation of water security system resilience (WSSR) are important ways to alleviate water resource crises. On the basis of the three characteristics of resilience, namely, resistance, restoration, and adaptability, an evaluation index system of the WSSR was built for the Yellow River Basin (YRB). A projection pursuit model based on the sparrow search algorithm (SSA-PP model) was constructed to assess the WSSR at the overall and provincial scales from 2009 to 2022. The factors influencing the spatial distribution patterns of WSSR was identified through factor detector and interactive detector techniques. The results revealed that: (1) From 2009 to 2022, the YRB exhibited a rising trend in WSSR, with the western region attaining the peak level, and the eastern region recording the lowest magnitude. (2) the adaptability capacity of most provinces and regions in the YRB tended to decrease to about 1.0, whereas the resistance and restoration capacities tended to increase towards 2.0. (3) Factors relevant to the restoration and adaptability subsystems, such as the development and utilization ratio of water resources and surface water resources (B2 and B3), water resource load index (C1), water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP (C8), and total precipitation (A1), significantly affected the WSSR. The interaction between factors exhibited significant enhancement effects on explanatory. Therefore, targeted countermeasures and recommendations were provided to improve the WSSR in the YRB.

Design of a Traditional Village Cultural Heritage Preservation and Management System Based on Multi-Agent Networks

Preserving cultural heritage is essential for maintaining cultural diversity and promoting sustainable development. This study investigates the application of multi-agent networks in the protection and management of traditional village cultural heritage, capitalizing on their inherent distributed, collaborative, and adaptable characteristics. By integrating advanced technologies such as big data, data mining, and machine learning, the research meticulously develops a comprehensive system architecture and functional modules aimed at revitalizing traditional village spaces. The findings demonstrate significant enhancements in protection efficiency, while simultaneously fostering cultural inheritance and innovation within village communities. Through these innovative approaches, this study provides valuable insights into the preservation of traditional village cultural heritage and contributes to the broader objectives of cultural diversity conservation.

Optimal Design of Smart Antenna Arrays for Beamforming, Direction Finding, and Null Placement Using the Soft Computing Method

ABSTRACTThe urge of modern communication system is to design and development of the smart antennas with adaptive radiation characteristics. The multifold capabilities of fourth‐dimensional antenna arrays can cater that much needed adaptiveness if properly designed. Compared to the conventional arrays, the fourth‐dimensional arrays have one added advantage as the ‘Time’ of all the switched‐on antenna elements can be managed to generate the required amplitude and phase tapering without even using attenuators and phase shifters. However, one inherent limitation of fourth‐dimensional control parameter is the generation of harmonics or sidebands. This article proposes various means of radiation pattern synthesis in fourth‐dimensional linear antenna arrays with pulse shifting, pulse splitting, and a combination of both. First of all, the pulse splitting and shifting techniques are combinedly proposed by reducing the sidelobe levels and sideband levels of the beamforming antenna arrays to enhance directivities and efficiencies. Then, this mathematical proposition of the direction finding fourth‐dimensional arrays is developed. Finally, broad nulls over a specific angle of arrival region are created for jamming and interference mitigation. For all these cases, the sidelobe level and the unwanted higher‐order sideband levels are suppressed to reduce the unwanted interferences and power losses. The optimal time schemes for all the synthesized patterns are generated by proposing a chaos‐based soft computing algorithm. The radiofrequency signals at each radiating array element are processed by the optimal time schemes proposed for specific applications. The outcomes are validated and compared with other state‐of‐the‐art works of this domain to prove the competency of the proposed work. The qualitative and quantitative comparisons presented for beamforming array is aimed for a good improvement over other reported works by targeting ultralow (less than −40 dB) sidelobe and sideband levels. For direction‐finding array, the proposed idea has also targeted ultralow sidelobes for the main as well as steered beam patterns. Furthermore, the null placement over a region has been aimed to cover more area for jamming and sidelobe reduction for interference mitigation. Overall, the optimal designs proposed for these advanced applications are beneficial for cutting‐edge communication systems.

Molecular characterization, carbohydrate metabolism and tolerance to abiotic stress of Eremothecium coryli endophytic isolates from fruits of Momordica indica.

Yeasts are unicellular fungi that occur in a wide range of ecological niches, where they perform numerous functions. Furthermore, these microorganisms are used in industrial processes, food production, and bioremediation. Understanding the physiological and adaptive characteristics of yeasts is of great importance from ecological, biotechnological, and industrial perspectives. In this context, we evaluated the abilities to assimilate and ferment different carbon sources, to produce extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, and to tolerate salt stress, heavy metal stress, and UV-C radiation of two isolates of Eremothecium coryli, isolated from Momordica indica fruits. The two isolates were molecularly identified based on sequencing of the 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. Our isolates were able to assimilate nine carbon sources (dextrose, galactose, mannose, cellobiose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, melezitose, and pectin) and ferment three (glucose, maltose, and sucrose). The highest values of cellular dry weight were observed in the sugars maltose, sucrose, and melezitose. We observed the presence of hyphae and pseudohyphae in all assimilated carbon sources. The two isolates were also capable of producing amylase, catalase, pectinase, and proteases, with the highest values of enzymatic activity found in amylase. Furthermore, the two isolates were able to grow in media supplemented with copper, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc and to tolerate saline stress in media supplemented with 5% NaCl. However, we observed a decrease in CFU at higher concentrations of these metals and NaCl. We also observed morphological changes in the presence of metals, which include changes in cell shape and cellular dimorphisms. The isolates were sensitive to UV-C radiation in the shortest exposure time (1min). Our findings reinforce the importance of endophytic yeasts for biotechnological and industrial applications and also help to understand how these microorganisms respond to environmental variations caused by human activities.

Bacillus velezensis B105-8, a potential and efficient biocontrol agent in control of maize stalk rot caused by Fusarium graminearum.

Maize stalk rot (MSR), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is the most serious soil borne disease in maize production, seriously affecting maize yield and quality worldwide. Microbial biocontrol agents are the best means of controlling MSR and reducing the use of chemical fungicides, such as Bacillus spp. In the study, a soil-isolated strain B105-8 was identified as B. velezensis (accession No. PP325775.1 and No. PP869695.1), demonstrated a broad spectrum against various pathogens causing maize diseases, which effectively controlled MSR, exhibited a high control efficacy of more than 60% and growth-promoting effect in the pot plant. B105-8 could effectively improve soil urease (S-UE), invertase (S-SC), and catalase (S-CAT) activities. S-NP activity showed an initial increase with a peak of 20,337 nmol/h/g, followed by a decrease, but activity remained significantly better than control treatment with chemical fungicides. The application of B105-8 repaired the damage caused by F. graminearum on soil activity. The antifungal compound B-1, extracted from B105-8, was purified using a protein purifier, revealing inhibitory effects against F. graminearum. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated the potential presence of C14 Bacillomycin, C15 Iturin, C15 Mycosubtilin, C17, and C15 fengycin in B-1. In pot experiments, a 5 μL/mL concentration of B-1 exhibited 69% control on MSR, enhancing maize root elongation, elevation, and fresh weight. At 10 μL/mL, B-1 showed 89.0 and 82.1% inhibition on spore production and mycelial growth, causing hyphal deformities. This study presents the innovative use of B. velezensis, isolated from maize rhizosphere in cold conditions to effectively control MSR caused by F. graminearum. The findings highlight the remarkable regional and adaptive characteristics of this strain, making it an excellent candidate to fight MSR in diverse environments. In conclusion, B. velezensis B105-8 demonstrated potential as a biocontrol agent for MSR.

Comparative Characteristics of Short-term and Long-term Adaptation by Blood Analysis of Foreign Female Students (India) to the Educational Process System

The article is devoted to the study of the comparative characteristics of the analysis of the leukocyte formula indicators of foreign female students from India during short-term and long-term sociocultural and other demographic factors of adaptation to educational process systems. We found little difference in the blood analysis of foreign Indian female students with short-term, long-term and social adaptation to the educational environment. Based on the evidence of the studied material, it is determined that the body reacts to each environmental requirement with a special effect. If, in one case, as at the initial stage of training, a student is faced with a situation of non-variability, then this requires the mobilization of many resources of the body, while in another case, at a longer and already established stage of training, the student’s body successfully copes with various influencing factors.

Vegetation Growth and Physiological Adaptation of Pioneer Plants on Mobile Sand Dunes

The Hunshandake Sandy Land is one of the largest sandy areas in China and the closest source of sand dust to the Beijing and Tianjing areas. Sand fixation by vegetation is considered the most efficient strategy for sand control and sustainable development, so clarifying the vegetation coverage and plant adaptation characteristics in the Hunshandake Sandy Land is helpful in guiding restoration and improving local sustainability. Here, we investigated the vegetation growth on the mobile sand dunes in the Hunshandake Sandy Land and specified the photosynthesis and stomatal characteristics of the pioneer plants for sand fixation. The vegetation survey showed that the windward slopes of the mobile sand dunes had far lower plant coverage (6.3%) and plant biodiversity (two species m−2) than the leeward ones (41.0% and eight species m−2, respectively). Elymus sibiricus L. and Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. were the only two sand-fixing pioneer plants that grew on both the windward and leeward slopes of the mobile sand dunes and had higher plant heights, greater abundance, and more biomass than other plants. Physiological measurements revealed that Elymus sibiricus L. and Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. also had higher photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates, and water use efficiency. In addition, the stomata density (151–197 number mm−2), length (18–29 μm), and area index (13–19%) of these two pioneer species were smaller than those of the common grassland species in Inner Mongolia, suggesting that they were better adapted to the dry habitat of the mobile sand dunes. These findings not only help in understanding the adaptive strategies of pioneer plants on mobile sand dunes, but also provide practical guidance for sand dune restoration and the sustainable development of local areas. Pioneer sand-fixing plant species that are well adapted to sand dunes can be used for sowing or aerial seeding in sand fixation during ecosystem restoration.