Ad Hoc Research Articles

Journal of Dairy Science and JDS Communications Editorial Board and Ad Hoc Reviewers, 2023

Journal of Dairy Science and JDS Communications Editorial Board and Ad Hoc Reviewers, 2023

Review and Comparative Study of Different Energy Saving Techniques in Manet

Energy efficiency plays a vital role in the design of protocols for the applications in networks to enhance the network lifetime. Since the networks nodes are battery-powered, thus energy or battery power is a precious resource that has to be carefully used by the nodes in order to avoid an early network failure. In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks researcher has focused on various energy parameters through managing transmission and distribution of loads by limiting the dynamic energy for communication required to send or receive packets. Many researchers suggested, to attain efficient power conservation dual approach may be combined and power usage can be limited by making mobile nodes in-active. In this paper we present a comparative analysis based on review study and have a closer look at some protocols, energy saving techniques and methods adopted in saving power for MANET.

VDCM: A Data Collection Mechanism for Crowd Sensing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

VDCM: A Data Collection Mechanism for Crowd Sensing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

A Pathway for Increased Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Surgical Infection Society.

Background: With the rise of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts across medicine, the Surgical Infection Society (SIS) leadership undertook a several-year mission to evaluate DEI issues within the SIS, through the formation of a DEI Ad Hoc Committee to guide the application of best practices. The purpose of this article is to describe the work of the DEI committee since its inception, as well as report on advances made during that time. Methods: Beginning in September 2020, 26 volunteer committee members met monthly to explore the current state of science and best practices around DEI, identify opportunities for the SIS, and translate opportunities into recommendations. As part of this initiative, a survey of the SIS membership was conducted. Survey results, published best practices from business and medicine, and experiences of committee members were utilized collaboratively to outline specific opportunities and recommendations. These findings were presented to the SIS Executive Council and to the membership at the SIS Annual Business Meeting. Results: Committee-identified opportunities and recommendations fell into broad categories of Membership, Leadership and Society Structure, the Annual Meeting, and Research Priorities. Several recommendations were immediately enacted, and a standing DEI committee was established to continue this work. Conclusions: Beyond the main mission of the SIS to advance the science of surgical infections, the SIS can also have a major impact on DEI within society and academic surgery at large.

Urban Advanced Mobility Dependability: A Model-Based Quantification on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks with Virtual Machine Migration

In the rapidly evolving urban advanced mobility (UAM) sphere, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are crucial for robust communication and operational efficiency in future urban environments. This paper quantifies VANETs to improve their reliability and availability, essential for integrating UAM into urban infrastructures. It proposes a novel Stochastic Petri Nets (SPN) method for evaluating VANET-based Vehicle Communication and Control (VCC) architectures, crucial given the dynamic demands of UAM. The SPN model, incorporating virtual machine (VM) migration and Edge Computing, addresses VANET integration challenges with Edge Computing. It uses stochastic elements to mirror VANET scenarios, enhancing network robustness and dependability, vital for the operational integrity of UAM. Case studies using this model offer insights into system availability and reliability, guiding VANET optimizations for UAM. The paper also applies a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach for a sensitivity analysis of SPN components, identifying key parameters affecting system availability. This is critical for refining the model for UAM efficiency. This research is significant for monitoring UAM systems in future cities, presenting a cost-effective framework over traditional methods and advancing VANET reliability and availability in urban mobility contexts.

Review of the Literature Referring to a Method to Achieve Active Electrical Energy Savings - Single-Phase 220 (VAC) and 50 (Hz) - in Synchronous Ventilation Motors, Greater than that Obtained with the "Fan Law"

It is a mechatronic method to achieve savings in single-phase active energy, greater than that obtained with the “Fan Law” in electrical machines applied to ventilation. The quantitative analysis methods were based on electrotechnical techniques, practiced with the corresponding laboratory instruments on the work materials (three prototypes of electrical machines). The results found from the experimentation on the test bench were expressed in tables that collect data on formulas, values and physical units. The discussion carries out a complete comparative study; mainly between power (watts), active energy consumption (kwh) and rotation speed (RPM). The PMSM type synchronous motor with the coupling of an RL mechatronic circuit design performs mechanical work at its maximum speed of 3000 (RPM) with only 6.3 (Watts), this is only 25.2% of the active power required by the single-phase asynchronous induction motor or shaded-pole motor that needed 25 (Watts) to rotate at 1690 (RPM). This translates into 75% lower active power, with a 44% superiority in speed, which translates into a 75% saving in single-phase active energy (kWh). The same thing also happens if we compare the universal AC motor with carbon and wound rotor, to maintain a speed at 3000 (RPM); given that it will consume 64.8 (Watts), that is, 90.3% more single-phase active energy than that required to match the same speed of the PMSM type synchronous motor. All with the same diameter of the impeller blades and the same conditions of temperature and atmospheric air pressure.

Augmenting Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Security and Efficiency with Blockchain: A Probabilistic Identification and Malicious Node Mitigation Strategy

This manuscript delineates the development of an avant garde dual-layer blockchain architecture, which has been meticulously engineered to augment the security and operational efficacy of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). VANETs, which are integral to the infrastructure of intelligent transport systems, facilitate the critical exchange of information between vehicular nodes. Despite their significance, these networks confront an array of formidable security vulnerabilities. Our innovative approach, employing a dual blockchain framework—the event chain and the reputation chain—meticulously tracks network activities, thereby significantly enhancing the trustworthiness and integrity of the system. This research presents a transformative dual-layer blockchain architecture, which was conceived to address the intricate security challenges pervasive in VANETs. The architecture pivots on a sophisticated reputation assessment framework, thus leveraging the principles of Bayesian inference and the analytical rigor of historical data to markedly diminish observational errors, as well as elevate the accuracy of reputation evaluations for vehicular nodes. A salient feature of our methodology is the implementation of an attenuation factor, which has been deftly calibrated to modulate the impact of historical behaviors on current reputation scores, thereby ensuring their relevance and alignment with recent vehicular interactions. Additionally, the numerical threshold serves as an indispensable mechanism, thus establishing a definitive criterion for the early identification of potentially malicious activities and enabling the activation of proactive security measures to safeguard the network’s integrity. Empirical validation of our dual-layer blockchain model has yielded a remarkable 86% efficacy in counteracting malevolent behaviors, thus significantly outperforming extant paradigms. These empirical outcomes underscore the model’s potential as a vanguard in the domain of secure and efficient reputation management within VANETs, thereby heralding a substantial advancement in the sphere of intelligent transportation systems.

A New Conditional Privacy-Preserving Certificateless Aggregate Signature Scheme in the Standard Model for VANETs

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) take moving vehicles and transport facilities as nodes to form mobile networks through wireless communication technology. Its application increases traffic safety and promotes the development of intelligent transport. However, VANETs have security concerns in data transmission. Fortunately, aggregate signature schemes can enhance security and efficiency in the VANETs. Nevertheless, some aggregated signature schemes for VANETs still have security concerns. In this paper, we conduct a security analysis of a conditional privacy-preserving CLAS scheme for VANETs proposed recently. The analysis reveals that the scheme exhibits vulnerabilities to the KGC attack and public key replacement attack. We propose an improved scheme to fix security vulnerabilities in response to these issues. Subsequently, formal and informal security assessments are conducted for the improved scheme, demonstrating that it fulfills security requisites. Furthermore, performance assessment demonstrates the practical viability of the refined scheme.

Considering Performance Issues in Ad Hoc Networking : A Comprehensive Study

Ad hoc networks have emerged as a versatile and dynamic communication paradigm with applications spanning from mobile devices and sensor networks to emergency response and military operations. However, their inherent decentralized and self-organizing nature gives rise to a myriad of performance challenges that must be comprehensively addressed to ensure reliable and efficient communication. This paper presents a comprehensive study of performance issues in ad hoc networking, aiming to provide a holistic understanding of the various factors impacting network performance. The study begins by examining the fundamental characteristics of ad hoc networks, highlighting their unique advantages and challenges. We delve into critical performance metrics such as throughput, latency, scalability, and energy efficiency, dissecting the factors that influence each of these metrics in ad hoc environments. The role of routing protocols, MAC layer design, and network topologies in shaping network performance is thoroughly analyzed. Furthermore, this study explores the impact of mobility patterns, traffic models, and interference on ad hoc network performance. It delves into the challenges posed by dynamic network topologies, node failures, and the need for adaptive mechanisms to maintain robust connectivity. Quality of service (QoS) considerations and their implications on performance are also discussed in detail. To provide a comprehensive view, we survey state-of-the-art solutions and techniques proposed in the literature to mitigate performance issues in ad hoc networks. These include adaptive routing algorithms, cross-layer optimization approaches, and novel communication paradigms like cognitive radio networks. Finally, we present a roadmap for future research directions in the field of ad hoc networking performance optimization. The goal is to inspire further investigation and innovation in addressing the evolving challenges faced by ad hoc networks, making them more reliable, efficient, and adaptable for a wide range of applications.

Deploying a Low-Cost Wi-Fi-Based Vehicular Ad Hoc Network in a Shopping Mall Parking Lot: An Empirical Study

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have the potential to reduce car accidents by facilitating connectivity and warning message exchange between vehicles, both on roads and in parking lots. This research endeavored to accomplish three primary goals: conducting a field measurement in the parking lot of a large shopping mall in Auckland, developing an OPNET-based simulation model to analyze and validate the system performance, and analyzing the compatibility between five selected radio propagation models (Free-space, Shadowing Path-loss, Egli, Hata, and COST231). These models were selected based on their popularity and relevance to our study. We found that the “Free Space” model outperforms in the scenario in which measurements were conducted from the Level-1 car park to the Roadside. The received signal strengths in the parking lot ranged from −45 dBm to −92 dBm. This research also examines the coverage distance for the successful transmission of warning messages, achieving up to 57 m, 17.5 m, 9.4 m, and 68 m at parking levels 1, 2, 3, and the roadside, respectively. Research findings reveal that a low-cost Wi-Fi-based VANET system can be utilized to prevent car accidents in parking lots. Finally, we provide guidelines for network planners to deploy Wi-Fi-based VANET systems in parking lots.

Performance and security Evaluation of Ad Hoc Networking Technologies for IoT Environments

A new age of unparalleled connectedness has been ushered in by the fast growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, allowing everything from smart homes and industrial automation to healthcare and agriculture. Ad hoc networking technologies play a pivotal role in facilitating communication among IoT devices, providing the flexibility and scalability required to support the diverse and dynamic IoT ecosystem. However, this connectivity comes with significant challenges related to both performance and security. This paper presents a comprehensive study focused on the performance and security evaluation of ad hoc networking technologies in the context of IoT environments. The need for enhancing security in ad hoc networking has seen a significant growth over the last decade. There are several security systems that prioritise the detection of assaults. Various machine learning mechanisms are taken into consideration for the purpose of identifying attacks. However, a significant concern associated with current research endeavours is to the constrained aspects of security and performance. There is still a need to improve the security of ad hoc networking. To accomplish this purpose, hybrid mechanisms have been devised. Advanced machine learning techniques are used to classify attacks such as man-in-the-middle attacks, denial of service attacks, and brute force attacks. In order to improve the precision of decisions and the categorization of assaults in ad hoc networks, the suggested research makes use of the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model.

Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Using Fittest Node Clustering

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a rapidly evolving field at the intersection of intelligent transportation systems, emphasizing the need for a stable and scalable VANET topology to accommodate growing vehicular densities. The intricate challenge of route selection calls for advanced clustering protocols to bolster road safety and message routing. This research introduces a novel approach to intelligent clustering routing protocols, leveraging heuristic-based solutions built upon an enhanced ant colony optimizer (ACO) framework. The study unfolds in two stages: the creation of a dynamic search space model and the election of cluster heads (CHs). The innovative dynamic aware transmission range parallel Euclidean distance (DA-TRPED) technique establishes a dynamic search space using the parallel Euclidean distance (PED) concept. This approach evaluates vehicular nodes by estimating PED values, reducing the search process’s complexity. Subsequently, an intelligent cluster head is selected by enhancing the dynamic evaporation factor (DEF) within the ACO technique. The experimental validation of the DA-TRPED technique takes place in NS2 simulations, demonstrating superior performance compared to conventional ACO. This enhancement is evident in metrics such as packet delivery, packet drop, throughput, end-to-end delay, and the lifetime analysis of clustered nodes. The proposed approach holds promise for optimizing VANETs, enhancing their stability and scalability while promoting road safety and efficient message routing.

Abstract 12063: Ad Hoc Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From the PROGRESS-CTO Registry

Introduction: Although discouraged, ad hoc chronic total occlusions (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is occasionally performed. Methods: We examined the clinical, angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes of patients who underwent ad hoc CTO PCI in the Prospective Global Registry for the Study of CTO Intervention (PROGRESS-CTO, NCT02061436). Results: Of the 10,998 patients included in the registry, 899 (8.2%) underwent ad hoc CTO PCI. The incidence of ad hoc CTO PCI decreased from 18% in 2016 to 3% in 2022. Ad hoc CTO PCI patients had a lower prevalence of comorbidities and less complex angiographic characteristics demonstrated by lower J-CTO score (1.9 ± 1.2 vs 2.4 ± 1.3, p<0.001). In these patients, PROGRESS-CTO major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (1.9 ± 1.4 vs 2.5 ± 1.7), mortality (1.2 ± 1.0 vs 1.6 ± 1.1), and perforation (1.5 ± 1.2 ± 2.2 vs 1.5) scores were lower (p<0.001). Technical success was similar between the groups (86%). MACE were lower in the ad hoc CTO PCI group (0.8% vs 2.0%, p=0.009). Ad hoc CTO PCI was not associated with MACE after adjusting for potential confounders, odds ratio: 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.30-1.57). In patients with higher J-CTO scores, planned CTO PCI was associated with higher technical success (p<0.001) (Figure). Conclusions: Approximately 8% of CTO PCI procedures are performed ad hoc, usually in less complex lesions and patients with lower complication risk. While ad hoc CTO PCI might be appropriate for carefully selected cases, a staged approach is recommended for most CTO PCI.

Improved junction-based routing for VANETs using a Bio-inspired route stability approach

The Junction-Based Routing (JBR) is established as the adequate solution to data packet routing within an urban Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). The latter is characterized by radio obstacles, unreadable traffic density change, and unstable vehicular mobility speed. Existing JBR routing protocols have not defined specific evaluation mechanisms to anticipate and detect stable road segments in large urban areas yet. Consequently, the connectivity of selected streets for data forwarding may not be regularly reliable for long periods, especially for remote destinations. As a matter of fact, stable long-lifespan JBR paths cannot be discovered; hence, generating low Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) performances. In this paper, we introduce swarm-inspired optimization as a novel solution to reduce the number of lost data packets on the basis of a new route stability notion. A bio-inspired metaheuristic technique named the Intelligent Water Drops (IWD) algorithm is applied to track reactively and proactively the routing consistency of road segments. IWD seeks to gather accurately unreachable road segments’ up-to-date connectivity information in order to predict progressively their stability degree. The latter is deduced according to predefined routing parameters featuring the history of route traffic and data forwarding, and vehicles’ speed. These parameters are utilized to trace direct JBR paths to data packets’ destinations with minimum disconnected road segments following IWD-inspired Dijkstra JBR paths. The proposed bio-inspired JBR protocol is compared to a few notable JBR schemes in a city map scenario. The simulation results showed a consistent mean PDR progress between 2.55% and 33.47% of all tested simulation variants.

Intelligent Traffic Monitoring System Using Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

The growing significance of road safety and human engagement in transport has emerged as a matter of national concern, exerting a profound impact on the lives of individuals.. Many road accidents and crashes failed to ensure human life safety. As a result, the traffic management system must maintain the balance in accordance with the maximum road limits. Vehicles with sensors and automated self-driving capabilities are now available, such as Tesla and others. The proposed system is based on a technique known as Intervention linear minimum spanning tree (ILMST), which employs a topology with lengths that are proportionally equal. When using dynamic topology, there is packet loss during a change of location or a continuous update in networking via vehicle movement from one location to another. In this manner, each node computes the weighted nodes with a number of partitions in order to provide a linear time update. This reduces the number of connected edges in the graph that are repeated. When the size of the repeated graphs that relate the GPS route from the maps is reduced, traffic updates avoid recursion and provide the best routes for customers. Traffic congestion overhead can be reduced by implementing the proposed methodology. It is possible to avoid it where there are traffic signals and all other sensor-based wireless devices in a vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). The safety measures are also a necessary step based on the communications in routing and other protocols. The system, when combined with a neural network-based positioning system (NNPS) with various perceptrons, can maintain vehicle speed and categorize safety threats such as group classification. A solution can be found by repairing the DDoS attack based on the results of the various aspects that provide output for malicious monitoring.

Acknowledgement of Ad Hoc Reviewers

Acknowledgement of Ad Hoc Reviewers

An Improved Selfish Node Detection Algorithm for Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

An Improved Selfish Node Detection Algorithm for Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Optimizing Cluster Head Selection in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Connectivity Probability Approach Using Poisson Distribution and Residual Energy

Optimizing Cluster Head Selection in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Connectivity Probability Approach Using Poisson Distribution and Residual Energy

Efficient algorithms for urban vehicular Ad Hoc networks quality based on average network flows

Efficient algorithms for urban vehicular Ad Hoc networks quality based on average network flows

A Clustering Routing Algorithm Based on Improved Ant Colony Optimization for an Urban Rail Transit Ad Hoc Network

As traffic pressure increases, urban rail transit has attracted attention because of its high speed and growing capacity in recent years. However, the traditional vehicle–ground communication systems of urban rail transit have been unable to meet the increasing requirements for communication. In this paper, we introduce an ad hoc network for urban rail transit to improve communication reliability, reduce end-to-end latency, and improve throughput of vehicle–ground communication. A novel clustering algorithm based on improved ant colony optimization is presented, which integrates various variables to elect cluster heads and adopts a low-latency queuing strategy. In addition, the algorithm can also replace the cluster heads adaptively to optimize the communication quality. Through the simulation results, the proposed algorithm can reduce the packet loss rate by about 60%, reduce the delay by about 50%, and improve the throughput by about 40% compared with the classical clustering routing protocol.