Acute Types Research Articles

Синтез и биологическая активность N-алкил(арил)-4-R-оксо-2-(2-фениламинобензоилгидразоно)бутанамидов

First of all, the main task of pharmacy is search for new compounds, including those with high biological activity. Although lots of known compounds have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, almost all of them have a toxic effect on the gastrointestinal tract and cause a large number of side effects from various organs and systems of the body, since they are non-selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase enzyme. The relief of pain and inflammatory processes as well the following search for safe and more efficient compounds is the significant task of pharmacology. It was found that hydrazonamides have very effective anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity; they will be perspective for following pharmacological screening. Objective: synthesis and study of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of N-alkyl(aryl)-4-R-4-oxo-2-(2-phenylaminobenzoylhydrazono)butanamides. Materials and methods. We synthesized the compounds investigated by means of classic organic synthesis; their structures were analyzed with IR, NMR 1 H, NMR 13 C spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. We studied the antinociceptive activity on outbred white mice by «hot plate» method, and anti-inflammatory activity on outbred white rats by the model of acute inflammatory edema. Results. N-alkyl(aryl)-4-R-4-oxo-2-(2-phenylaminobenzoylhydrazono)butanamides showed the high antinociceptive activity, several compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusion. N-alkyl(aryl)-4-R-4-oxo-2-(2-phenylaminobenzoylhydrazono)butanamides have perspective for the following in-depth study, including on acute toxicity and other types of biological activity.

COMPARISON OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF BOVINE MASTITIS AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE STATUS IN BANGLADESH

Background: Mastitis is one of the most prevalent complex diseases of mammals with high economic impact in dairy industry worldwide. Most of the published inland reports on bovine mastitis are mainly based on sub-clinical mastitis and some extent to clinical types. Objectives: The main objectives of this study are (a) to compare the bacterial pathogens associated with sub-clinical, clinical and chronic mastitis, and (b) to detect the antibiotic sensitivity and resistance status of the isolated bacteria from different types of mastitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 539 quarter milk samples, collected from lactating cows of Rajshahi and Mymensingh districts were subjected to standard bacterial culture and biochemical tests during the period of 2010-2011. Antibiogram test was done on bacteria isolated from sub-clinical (n = 444), acute (n = 35) and chronic (n = 60) mastitis cases include Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp. and E. coli in 78.54%, 80% and 71.67% milk samples as a single and 21.46%, 20% and 28.33% as mixed infection, respectively. Results: The Staphylococcus spp. was recorded as major pathogen for all the sub-clinical (42.15%), acute (45.71%) and chronic (41.67%) mastitis cases. The right hind quarters were found significantly (p < 0.05) more affected with sub-clinical, acute and chronic types of mastitis than other three quarters in cows. The highest sensitivity (up to 100%) was recorded with gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin against all the tested four organisms isolated from sub-clinical, clinical and chronic mastitis cases. Antibiotic resistance was highly prevalent, especially streptomycin (70-100%), amoxicillin (30-100%) and ampicillin (0-100%) against the four isolated bacteria of three different types of mastitis. Conclusions: It may be concluded that there is a need to establish a nationwide plan for monitoring the resistance of antibiotics and ensure the cautious use of antibiotics in the veterinary medical practices. Keywords: Bovine mastitis, Clinical mastitis, Subclinical mastitis, Chronic mastitis, Mastitic bacterial pathogens and Antibiogram

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

The cutaneous manifestations of lupus erythematosus (LE) include LE-specific and LE-nonspecific skin lesions. LE-specific skin lesions are divided into chronic, subacute, and acute types. The representatives of the chronic and acute types are discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and butterfly rash, respectively. Based on the systemic manifestations, we can classify LE into cutaneous-limited LE and systemic LE (SLE). Chronic LE eruptions tend to be seen in cutaneous-limited LE, and acute LE eruptions mainly appear in SLE. Some skin lesions are related to the neurological manifestations of SLE.

Barriers and Outcomes of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant (AlloSCT) for Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus 1 (HTLV-1) Associated Adult T-Cell Lymphoma-Leukemia (ATLL) in the United States (US) from a Large Cohort in a Major Tertiary Center

Background ATLL is an aggressive T cell malignancy with dismal prognosis which occurs mainly in Caribbean immigrants in the US. AlloSCT is an effective treatment option in eligible patients (pts). We sought to identify barriers to alloSCT for these pts in a tertiary center with one of the largest ATLL populations in the US. Methods Pts with ATLL treated at Montefiore Medical Center were identified from 2003 to 2018. Comprehensive review of charts and donor registry searches were conducted. Results We identified 88 pts, mean age 56 yrs, 7 (8%) with chronic/smoldering subtypes. Of pts with acute (49, 60.5%) or lymphomatous (32, 39.5%) types, 48 (59.5%) were not considered for alloSCT due to early death (52%, n=25), lost to follow up (19%, n=10), uninsured (13%, n=7), declined HSCT (9%, n=5) and frailty (2%, n=1). Of 33 (40.7%) pts evaluated for alloSCT, 28 (34.6%) underwent HLA typing. A 10/10 matched related donor (MRD) was identified in 7 (25%). Registry search for matched unrelated donors (MUD) in the remainder 21 showed 10/10 (9.5%, n=2), 9/10 (19%, n=4), 8/10 (9.5%, n=2) and none (62%, n=13). Haploidentical donors were identified for 6 of 13 (46%) pts with no MUD. No donor options were available for 7 (25%) HLA-typed pts. AlloSCT was performed in 10/21 (47.6%) pts. Reasons for not undergoing alloSCT were progressive disease (50%, n=9), and patient declination (11%, n=2). AlloHSCT was associated with better median relapse-free (RFS) (26 vs. 11 mo, p=0.04) and overall survival (OS) (47 vs. 10 mo, p=0.03). Early transplant-related mortality (TRM) rate was 40%. Pts transplanted in complete remission (CR) and with MRD/MUD had better outcomes. Conclusion This is the first study demonstrating the barriers for alloHSCT for ATLL in the US. Only 12.3% pts proceed to alloSCT in ATLL. Early mortality, lost to follow up, uninsured status, lack of available suitable donors, including haploidentical, are significant problems. In pts who have successful induction, alloSCT can achieve long term remissions. Hence, better upfront treatments to achieve CR, early alloSCT, and consolidation/maintenance strategies in those who do not proceed to alloSCT are urgently needed to improve outcomes in ATLL.

Assessing the Efficacy of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in HTLV-1-Associated Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: Results of a Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis

Background HTLV-1 associated adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive malignant disorder diagnosed in countries endemic with the human T cell lymphotropic virus type-1. It is classified into 4 clinical subtypes based on clinical course: acute, chronic, smoldering and lymphoma. Acute and lymphoma types have the worse prognosis. Intensive chemotherapy regimens and autologous stem cell transplant have failed to improve patient outcomes. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is commonly offered as front-line consolidation despite lack of randomized controlled studies. Materials and methods We performed a comprehensive search of the medical literature using PubMed/Medline and EMBASE on September 10, 2018. We extracted data on clinical outcomes related to benefits (complete response (CR), overall [OS] and progression-free [PFS] survival) and harms (relapse and non-relapse mortality [NRM]) independently by two authors. Our search strategy identified a total of 801 references. Twenty-two studies (n=4338 patients) were included in this systematic review; but only 19 (n=2246 patients) in the meta-analysis (Figure 1). Results Reduced intensity regimens were most commonly utilized (52%).Bone marrow was the most common source of hematopoietic stem cells (47%). The pooled CR rates from 7 studies (118 patients) was 75% (95%CI=57-90%) with high heterogeneity (I2=73%). Pooled OS rates (n=18 studies, 2236 patients) after allogeneic HCT was 38% (95%CI=33-44%) but heterogeneity among the included studies was high I2=78% (Figure 2). Pooled PFS rates (n=7 studies, 246 patients) was 37% (95%CI=27-48%) and the heterogeneity among the studies was moderate (I2=59%). Pooled relapse rates from 14 studies (n=834 patients) was 36% (95%CI=29-43%) with high heterogeneity among the included studies (I2=67%). Pooled NRM rates from 16 studies (1960 patients) was 29% (95%CI=23-35%) with high heterogeneity among the studies (I2=81.3%). Conclusions Despite high CR rates following allogeneic HCT, PFS and OS rates are relatively low, mainly due to high relapse rates and high transplant-related mortality. Future studies should evaluate strategies to help reduce relapse and decrease morbidity and mortality associated with treatment.

Anticancer Nano Formulation of Imatinib with Chitosan Polymer

Objective: Drug targeting is the capacity of the dosage form. In which the therapeutic agent acts specifically to desired site of action in the non-targeted tissue with the help of Nano particles is called as the drug targeting. IMATINIB is a used to treat cancer by chemo therapy. Cancers like chronic myeloid leukemia cancer (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cancer (ALL) and other specific types of gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor (GIST) systemic mast cell disease and Bone marrow failure disorder. It is administered by oral root. For ATP, Tyrosine kinase is act as a binding site. Methodology: The drug IMATINIB is loaded in the polymer chitosan, poly-(D) glucosamine is a bio compactible, bio degradable, nontoxic, antimicrobial and soluble in solvents. This preparation is done by emulsion-droplet coalescence method. Content of the Drug, Size of the particle and Zeta potential, Encapsulation efficiency and Drug release testing are described for this formulation in this study. Results: The Imatinib Nano particles were formulated and evaluated for its invitro drug release profile. Based on the invitro drug release profile of Imatinib nano particles formulation (INP1 – INP5) formulation INP3 was selected as the best formulation in which the particle size was 285.9nm. The invitro % drug release of INP3 formulation was 99.76 ± 0.82 and it was found to be the suitable formulation to manage the cancer. Conclusion: Hence it is concluded that the newly formulated controlled release nanoparticle drug delivery system of Imatinib may be idol and effective by allowing the drug to release continuously for 24 hrs.

Characteristics of postoperative cerebral dysfunction depending on the type and position of the implanted prosthetic heart valve

To study the prevalence and structure of postoperative cerebral dysfunction depending on the type and position of the implanted prosthetic heart valve in patients who underwent surgery for the acquired heart valve disease. The study included 115 patients (70 men and 45 women; 64 [56; 72] years old), who underwent elective replacement or repair surgery for the acquired heart valve disease. The postoperative cerebral dysfunction was diagnosed in 40.9% patients, including replacement in the aortic position (45.5%), in the mitral position (55%), in several positions (20%). Replacement surgery was accompanied by three clinical types of postoperative cerebral dysfunction and repair surgery - by deferred cognitive impairment only. Postoperative cerebral dysfunction after the replacement in the mitral position was more common (odds ratio 4.47, 95% confidence interval 1.21-18.35, p=0.041), including its acute clinical types - perioperative stroke and symptomatic delirium of the early postoperative period (p=0.029), compared to that after the repair heart valve surgery. After the replacement in the aortic position, acute clinical types of postoperative cerebral dysfunction were more common (p=0.036). After the replacement with biological prosthesis, symptomatic delirium of the early postoperative period was more common (p=0.047). The occurrence of the deferred cognitive impairment didn't depend on the type and position of the implanted prosthetic heart valve.

Функциональное состояние сердечно-сосудистой системы у пациентов с острым коронарным синдромом и типами поведенческой активности а, аБ, Б

Функциональное состояние сердечно-сосудистой системы у пациентов с острым коронарным синдромом и типами поведенческой активности а, аБ, Б

Increased Disease Burden Among Black Children Compared to White Children with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Introduction:We previously demonstrated Black patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are more likely to require ICU-level resources at initial presentation. This disparity in acuity at presentation explained 62% of the two-fold racial disparity in early mortality (Winestone Am J Hematol 2017). We sought to expand these findings using a more detailed data source that leverages electronic medical record (EMR) data from two large institutions. We hypothesized that disparities in severity at presentation by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status would be identified in granular EMR data for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and AML.Methods:Acute leukemia patients who were diagnosed at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia or Texas Children's Hospital (2006-2014) were included. Patients who transferred from a referring hospital or whose race was specified as Asian, other, or unknown were excluded. Race and ethnicity were combined into 3 mutually exclusive categories: Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic Black. The first set of vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature) and the timing of key diagnostic evaluations were manually abstracted. Patient age, sex, race/ethnicity, residential address, and results of selected laboratory tests from the first 72 hours after admission underwent automated extraction from the EMR. Residential addresses were batch-matched to geo-coordinates linking each patient to a census-derived block group. The following measures of socioeconomic status (SES) were evaluated: median household income, education, unemployment, and crowding. Vital signs were interpreted using age-specific American Heart Association reference ranges. Individual and composite lab-based definitions created a priori were used to identify high disease burden, risk of infection, renal dysfunction, abnormal coagulation (prothrombin time >17 or fibrinogen <100) and liver function (AST/ALT>200 or bilirubin >2.5 or GGT>150). Log-binomial regression was used to compute unadjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing incidence of vital sign and laboratory abnormalities by race/ethnicity and block group SES. Stratification by leukemia type (AML vs. ALL) allowed for assessment of heterogeneity in associations of interest. Covariates that were associated with race and thus were potential confounders were also included in multivariable models to obtain adjusted PRs.Results:A total of 899 acute leukemia patients (474 non-Hispanic White, 318 Hispanic, and 107 non-Hispanic Black) were included. Figure 1 shows patient characteristics including patients' geo-coordinates mapped onto census block group median household income. Vital signs at presentation were generally similar across racial/ethnic groups with the exception of heart rate among Hispanic patients (62% vs. 53%, p=0.03). Black patients with AML had an increased prevalence of elevated white blood cell (WBC) count and uric acid and Black patients with ALL demonstrated increased prevalence of coagulopathy compared to White non-Hispanic patients (Table 1). For both AML and ALL, Black patients were more likely to have more than 2 lab abnormalities relative to White non-Hispanic patients. There were no clinically significant differences in time to key diagnostic evaluations by race/ethnicity; median time to CBC was under 2 hours for all racial/ethnic groups, median times to bone marrow biopsy and lumbar puncture ranged from 25-39 hours, and median time to chemotherapy was between 2-3 days. None of the measures of SES were significantly associated with abnormal vital signs, abnormal labs, or prolonged time to key diagnostic evaluations.Conclusions:Black patients with newly diagnosed AML present with increased prevalence of high disease burden as evidenced by elevated WBC and uric acid. Across acute leukemia types, Black patients are more likely to present with more than 2 lab abnormalities; these lab abnormalities likely represent physiologic dysfunction at diagnosis and may compound one another to explain the previously observed racial disparity in ICU-level care requirement. Similar ethnic differences were not observed among Hispanic patients with AML or ALL. We are conducting ongoing investigation into the impact that rurality and distance to the hospital have on initial presentation. [Display omitted] DisclosuresFisher:Merck: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding.

Heart block as a complication of acute myocardial infarction: the anatomical and physiological mechanisms

Overview Heart block (HB) is a recognised complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is often a marker for increased mortality and morbidity. An appreciation of the anatomical and physiological mechanisms associated with the development of HB in AMI is important for the prediction and management of complications when dealing with such cases. Certain forms of HB are classically linked to infarction of specific anatomical territories in AMI. However, variations in pre-morbid state and anatomy of the coronary vessels provide potential for the development of HB in any patient experiencing AMI, regardless of the territory affected. LEARNING OUTCOMES After completing this module, the paramedic will be able to: Understand heart block in the context of acute myocardial infarction Understand the relevant anatomy and physiology of clinical presentations of heart block in acute myocardial infarction Identify types of heart block in order to determine appropriate treatment strategies Understand the differences in the appearance of various forms of heart block on an electrocardiogram If you would like to send feedback, please email jpp@markallengroup.com

Aleukemic Leukemia Cutis: Case Report and Review of Literature

AbstractAleukemic leukemia cutis (LC) is an extremely rare clinical presentation. All patients eventually develop acute leukemia, mostly monocytic and myelomonocytic types. It is a diagnostic challenge, resolved by careful immunophenotyping and cytochemistry. The diagnosis indicates a poor prognosis. Here, we report a case of an 85-year-old white male with LC, who had normal peripheral blood and bone marrow histology. The fragility of our patient precluded any definite anti-leukemic therapy.

The Catastrophic Transition

The Catastrophic Transition

Cutaneous presentation of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Single-center study on 37 patients in metropolitan France between 1996 and 2016.

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a hematological malignancy associated with chronic HTLV-1 infection. To describe skin lesions in ATLL. A descriptive, retrospective study between 1996 and 2016, including all patients diagnosed with ATLL at Saint-Louis Hospital (Paris, France). Thirty-seven ATLL patients were included. Fifteen patients (41%) had a cutaneous localization of the disease, which was present from the beginning of the disease for two thirds of them. ATLL types in patients with cutaneous localization of the disease were as follows: lymphoma, n=5, chronic, n=4, smoldering, n=4, acute, n=2. Half the patients had 2 or more cutaneous manifestations. The cutaneous localizations observed were as follows: nodulotumoral (n=8), plaques (n=7), multipapular (n=6), macular (n=4), purpuric (n=2). Among the 15 patients with cutaneous localization, median overall survival was significantly shorter in the acute and lymphoma types compared to the smoldering and chronic types (8.7 months vs. 79 months, P=0.003). ATLL is a hematologic malignancy with variable expression that is diagnosed only very rarely in metropolitan France, but that should be sought in patients from countries with high HTLV-1 prevalence in the event of a chronic eruption with patches, papules, plaques and/or tumors. The chronic and smoldering types are relatively indolent, whereas the acute and lymphoma forms have a poor prognosis.

Juvenile coral reef fish alter escape responses when exposed to changes in background and acute risk levels

The response of prey to predation threats is often plastic and can vary with the individual's perceived level of threat. To determine whether prey escape responses can be modulated by background levels of risk or short-term acute risk, we maintained juvenile damselfish, Acanthochromis polyacanthus, under high- or low-risk background conditions for several days and then exposed them to an acute risk (high-risk alarm cues or a low-risk saltwater control) minutes prior to startling them with a mechanical disturbance. Fish responded in one of two ways: they either made a C-start escape response or backed away from the threat. While exposure to either background high risk or acute high risk increased the proportion of C-starters, surprisingly the frequency of C-starters decreased when background high risk and acute risk types were combined. Exposure to an acute high-risk cue increased the escape performance for both types of escape responses. However, when the acute high-risk cue occurred within high-risk background conditions, this only increased the performance of C-start escape responses. Non-C-starters reacted similarly in both background risk conditions. Background risk and acute risk acted in a simple additive manner, as seen by the lack of interaction between the two factors. Results showed that escape responses are amplified as the level of perceived risk increases.

Application of mesenchymal stem cells in paediatrics

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were described by Friedenstein in the 1970s as being a group of bone marrow non-hematopoietic cells that are the source of fibroblasts. Since then, knowledge about the therapeutic potential of MSCs has significantly increased. MSCs are currently used for the treatment of many diseases, both in adults and children. MSCs are used successfully in the case of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatic diseases, diabetes mellitus type 1, gastroenterological and neurological diseases. Moreover, treatment of such organ disorders as damage or hypoxia through application of MSC therapy has shown to be satisfactory. In addition, there are some types of congenital disorders, including osteogenesis imperfecta and Spinal Muscular Atrophy, that may be treated with cellular therapy. Most studies showed no other adverse effects than fever. Our study is an analysis that particularly focuses on the registered trials and results of MSCs application to under 18 patients with acute, chronic, recurrent, resistance and corticosteroids types of Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD). Stem cells currently play an important role in the treatment of many diseases. Long-term studies conducted on animals have shown that cell therapy is both effective and safe. The number of indications for use of these cells in the course of treatment of people is constantly increasing. The results of subsequent studies provide important data justifying the application of MSCs in the course of treatment of many diseases whose treatment is ineffective when utilizing other approaches.

The classification of acute myocardial infarction types and the preconditions for its development. Type II myocardial infarction

The article presents the concept of myocardial infarction of the second type in the context of the universal definition of acute myocardial infarction. The problem of differential diagnosis for heart attacks first vs. the second types is discussed.

Cell differentiation defines acute and chronic infection cell types in Staphylococcus aureus.

A central question to biology is how pathogenic bacteria initiate acute or chronic infections. Here we describe a genetic program for cell-fate decision in the opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, which generates the phenotypic bifurcation of the cells into two genetically identical but different cell types during the course of an infection. Whereas one cell type promotes the formation of biofilms that contribute to chronic infections, the second type is planktonic and produces the toxins that contribute to acute bacteremia. We identified a bimodal switch in the agr quorum sensing system that antagonistically regulates the differentiation of these two physiologically distinct cell types. We found that extracellular signals affect the behavior of the agr bimodal switch and modify the size of the specialized subpopulations in specific colonization niches. For instance, magnesium-enriched colonization niches causes magnesium binding to S. aureusteichoic acids and increases bacterial cell wall rigidity. This signal triggers a genetic program that ultimately downregulates the agr bimodal switch. Colonization niches with different magnesium concentrations influence the bimodal system activity, which defines a distinct ratio between these subpopulations; this in turn leads to distinct infection outcomes in vitro and in an in vivo murine infection model. Cell differentiation generates physiological heterogeneity in clonal bacterial infections and helps to determine the distinct infection types.

Acute Leukemia in Horses.

Leukemia is broadly divided into acute and chronic lymphocytic and myeloid types based on the proportion of blasts, morphology of cells, and expression of specific antigens on neoplastic cells. Classifying leukemia in horses can be challenging if blasts predominate and since few antibodies to identify cell types are available. The objective of this study was to describe in detail the clinical and pathologic features of acute leukemia in horses. Twelve horses ranging from 0.2 to 25.9 years of age were diagnosed with acute leukemia. Six cases were classified as acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) based on predominance of blasts, lack of granulocytic or monocytic differentiation, and detection of CD3, CD20, and/or CD79a antigens by immunohistochemistry. Six other cases were classified as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with myelomonocytic ( n = 4), basophilic ( n = 1), and eosinophilic ( n = 1) differentiation based on > 20% bone marrow blasts and partial leukocytic differentiation. Reactivity with antibodies to Iba-1/AIF-1, CD172a, and CD163 was determined for all cases of AML. Eleven horses had thrombocytopenia, 10 had neutropenia, 8 had anemia, all had blasts on blood films, and none had leukocytosis. Ten horses had increased serum acute phase proteins. Bone marrow cellularity ranged from 30% to 100%, and the proportion of blasts ranged from 80% to 100% and 30% to 60% in ALL and AML, respectively. Horses were severely ill at diagnosis and euthanized within days or weeks. Unique features of acute leukemia in horses compared to other species were variable lymphocyte antigen expression (ALL) and frequent inflammation (ALL and AML).

Epidermofitosis de los pies (pie de atleta) en estudiantes preuniversitarios

A study is presented of the incidence of athlete's foot In 2012 intrant students of the University of Costa Rica, 1116 male and 896 female. The total number of cases found was 1438 (71.47%). The incidence among men was of 83.51 per cent, that among women of 56.47 per cent. As shown in table 1, incidence was greater in public than in private institutions, and in schools having a swimming pool than in those lacking one. Table 2 shows a classification of lesions, chronic types being most and acute types the least frequent.

Acute hepatitis A, B and C but not D is still prevalent in Mongolia: a time trend analysis.

Background/AimsMongolia has one of the highest hepatitis A, C, B and D infection incidences worldwide. We sought to investigate changes in the proportion of acute viral hepatitis types in Mongolia over the last decade.MethodsThe cohort comprised 546 consecutive patients clinically diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis from January 2012 to December 2014 in Ulaanbaatar Hospital, Mongolia. A time trend analysis investigating the change in proportion of acute hepatitis A virus, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection among the cohort with respect to a previous published study was undertaken. ResultsAcute hepatitis A, B and C was diagnosed in 50.9%, 26.2% and 6.0% of the cohort. Notably, 16.8% of the cohort had a dual infection. The etiologies of acute viral hepatitis were varied by age groups. The most common cause of acute viral hepatitis among 2-19 year olds was hepatitis A, HBV and superinfection with HDV among 20-40 year olds, and HCV among 40-49 year olds. Patients with more than one hepatitis virus infection were significantly older, more likely to be male and had a higher prevalence of all risk factors for disease acquisition. These patients also had more severe liver disease at presentation compared to those with mono-infection. ConclusionsAcute viral hepatitis is still prevalent in Mongolia. Thus, the need for proper infection control is increasing in this country.