Acute Pain In Dogs Research Articles

Оценка эффективности и безопасности препарата «Неболин-вет» после декомпрессии спинного мозга методом гемиламинэктомии у собак

The results of evaluating the efficacy and safety of «Nebolin-vet» in 10 dogs after spinal cord decompression by hemilaminectomy are described. All dogs participating in the study were diagnosed with a herniated disc (Hansen type 1 – extrusion) in the thoracolumbar spine. The spinal cord was decompressed by hemilaminectomy with the removal of the extruded material from the spinal canal. The level of acute pain was assessed using the Short form of the Glasgow composite measure pain scale during the first 1–3 days of the postoperative period, when the level of pain experienced by dogs after decompression was the strongest. Acute pain was assessed before giving the drug and 8 hours after giving «Nebolin-vet» (a couple of hours after reaching the maximum concentration of the drug in the blood of the animal). The safety of the drug was assessed within a day from the moment of giving the drug by visual control of the animal in the hospital and/or at home for the presence of side effects. The data obtained as a result of the study indicate that the drug is safe and effective in relieving acute pain in dogs in the first days of the postoperative period.

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous, oral transmucosal, and intranasal buprenorphine in healthy male dogs.

Effective management of pain in animals is of critical importance but options are limited for treating acute pain in dogs on an outpatient basis. The objective of this study was to compare the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of a concentrated solution of buprenorphine, 1.8 mg/ml (Simbadol™) administered intravenously, intranasally, and via the oral transmucosal (OTM) route in healthy male dogs. Five healthy castrated adult male Beagle‐cross dogs were included in this randomized blocked crossover study. The dogs received 0.03 mg/kg body weight buprenorphine intravenously, intranasally, or via the OTM route, with a minimum 72‐h washout period between treatments. Blood samples were collected at multiple intervals up to 24 h post administration and buprenorphine plasma concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Non‐compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the area under the curve of intravenous, intranasal, and OTM routes were 28.0 (15.1–41.3) h × ng/ml, 16.1 (3.4–28.7) h × ng/ml and 10.8 (8.8–11.8) h × ng/ml, respectively. The bioavailability of intranasal and OTM routes were 57.5 (22.7–93.7)% and 41.1 (25.5–69.4)%, respectively. Intranasal and OTM routes of administration of concentrated buprenorphine in dogs may allow for the provision of analgesic care at home.

Оценка эффективности анальгетического действия препарата «Неболин-вет»

The article describes the results of evaluating the effectiveness of the analgesic effect of Nebolinvet, a suspension for oral use based on meloxicam with a natural sweetener, stevia extract, in the composition.The study involved 10 cats after ovariohysterectomy (open white line surgery) and 10 dogs suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee. In cats after open ovariohysterectomy, the level of acute pain was assessed, in dogs with osteoarthritis of the knee, the level of chronic pain was assessed. The following scales were used to assess the pain syndrome: the level of acute pain in cats that underwent ovariohysterectomy was assessed using the Visual Analogue Pain Scale; the level of pain in dogs suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee was assessed using the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index. The data obtained as a result of the study indicate that the drug is effective in relieving chronic and acute pain in dogs and cats. The drug can be recommended for use in the postoperative period.

CREATION AND VALIDATION OF THE ITALIAN VERSION OF THE GLASGOW COMPOSITE MEASURE PAIN SCALE-SHORT FORM (ICMPS-SF).

Objective To validate the Italian translation of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale – Short Form (ICMPS-SF) in order to assess acute pain in dogs. The original English-version of the scale (the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale – Short Form - CMPS-SF) was translated into Italian according to a standard protocol to ensure linguistic and cultural validity. Nine Italian veterinary surgeons then recorded pain scores in dogs undergoing orthopaedic or soft tissue surgery using the ICMPS-SF at 2, 6, and 24 hours post-extubation. Construct validity was demonstrated using hypothesis testing. A total of 95 dogs were recruited into the study. Thirty-seven dogs underwent orthopaedic procedures and 58 dogs underwent soft tissue procedures. Twenty-three, 45, and 27 procedures were classified as mild, moderate, and severe, respectively. Statistically significant differences in the median pain scores were demonstrated between orthopaedic and soft tissue cases as well as among mild, moderate, and severe cases. Median pain scores decreased with time and changes were statistically significant. The ICMPS-SF demonstrated construct validity similar to the original English-language scale, resulting in a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of acute pain in dogs by Italian veterinarians.

Managing acute pain in dogs

This review describes the analgesic drugs and techniques that can be used when a canine patient presents in acute pain. Factors to consider when deciding how to treat acute pain...

PetSavers funds pain research

Jo Murrell of the University of Bristol asks if oral opioids are effective in the management of acute pain in dogs.

Extending postoperative opioid analgesia in dogs 2. Transdermal drug administration

Opioid drugs are pivotal to the effective management of acute pain in dogs, and, for this reason, they are the ‘gold standard’ agents for the treatment of postsurgical pain. While...

Guidelines for recognition, assessment and treatment of pain: WSAVA Global Pain Council members and co-authors of this document:.

Karol Mathews DVM DVSc DACVECC (Canada) Peter W Kronen Dr Vet Med, DVM DECVAA (Switzerland) Duncan Lascelles BSc BVSc PhD DSAS DECVS DACVS MRCVS (USA) Andrea Nolan MVB DVA PhD DECVAA DECVPT MRCVS (UK) Sheilah Robertson BVMS (Hons) PhD DACVAA DECVAA DECAWBM (WSEL) DACAW MRCVS (USA) Paulo VM Steagall MV MS PhD DACVAA (Brazil/Canada) Bonnie Wright DVM DACVAA (USA) Kazuto Yamashita DVM MS PhD DJCVS (Japan)

EVALUATION OF HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AFTER SHORT TERM TRAMADOL USAGE IN HEALTHY DOGS

Tramadol is a synthetic, centrally acting opioid analgesic that has the best analgesic efficacy without excessive sedation and significant side effects in the postoperative pain relief in dogs. OBJECTIVES: In this study, hematological and biochemical changes due to short usage of tramadol were assessed in clinically healthy dogs. METHODS: For this purpose, eighteen male mongrel dogs aged 14 to 22 months were used in three equal groups. In the first and second groups respectively (2 and 5 mg/kg) intramuscular tramadol and in control group distillate water was given once a day for five consecutive days. Complete cell blood count (CBC) and biochemical evaluation were done to measure aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinin (Cr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, before the intervention (day 0) and on days 6 and 13, post-treatment. RESULTS: Thirteen days post treatment, Red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) count and ALT, AST, ALP, Cr, BUN and packed cell volume (PCV) level was measured as 6.75±0.03, 3.86±0.13, 40.00±7.98, 43.67±8.62, 57.00±17.03, 0.90±0.27, 25.00±5.48 and 40.13±2.88 respect-ively which showed that short-term injection of even high doses of tramadol creates no significant change on hematological, liver, and kidney parameters in dogs. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that tramadol could be a safe postoperative analgesic for control of acute pain in dogs referred for routine surgical procedures.

Understanding the mechanisms behind acute pain in dogs and cats

A basic understanding of the processes involved in nociception is a pre-requisite for successful management of acute pain. Peripheral and central sensitisation are key components contributing to pain in most cases, and a number of important concepts are now widely recognised as being crucial with regard to minimising their occurrence, and thereby improving the effectiveness of analgesia therapy. Although somewhat controversial in human medicine, pre-emptive analgesia — whereby analgesic agents are administered in advance of noxious stimulation — appears to be of importance in animals. Optimal pain relief is only likely to be achieved if a multimodal approach to analgesia is undertaken, utilising pharmaceutical agents acting at different points within the ‘pain pathway’. In addition, preventive analgesia — wherein adequate pain relief is provided throughout the peri-operative period and well into recovery — is now considered one of the most significant areas in which acute pain management can be advanced.

Acute pain in small animals: how far have we come and where are we going?

Acute pain in small animals: how far have we come and where are we going?

Application of a modified form of the Glasgow pain scale in a veterinary teaching centre in the Netherlands

The Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale was developed to measure acute pain in dogs in a hospital setting. In this investigation a modified version of the scale was applied in...

Application of a scaling model to establish and validate an interval level pain scale for assessment of acute pain in dogs

To establish interval level measurement in a prototype composite measure pain scale (CMPS) for assessment of acute pain in dogs and to investigate the scale's validity. 20 clinically normal dogs, 20 dogs with medical conditions, and 117 dogs undergoing surgery. First, a scaling model was applied to the CMPS descriptors to establish weights for each and create a continuous scale. Subsequently, 5 observers independently used the scale to score signs of pain in 4 groups of dogs (control dogs, dogs with medical conditions, and 40 dogs undergoing soft tissue or orthopedic surgery). Scores from each group and from groups of conditions perceived to cause no, mild, moderate, and severe pain were compared. In addition, the scale was applied to 77 dogs undergoing orthopedic or soft tissue surgery and scores were compared with simultaneously derived numeric rating scale (NRS) scores; comparisons were made between surgical groups and with time after surgery. Calculated scale descriptor weights ranged from -2.0 to 2.0 and were transformed to create a continuous scale from 0 to 10. Median CMPS scores differed significantly among the 4 study groups and among pain severity groups and were typically greater with increasing perceived pain severity. Agreement was determined between CMPS and NRS scores, and there was a significant and expected time effect and difference between the CMPS scores of dogs undergoing orthopedic and soft tissue surgery. Results indicate that this interval level measurement scale is a valid measure of acute pain in dogs.

Evaluation of Welfare State Based on Interpretation of Multiple Indices

AbstractWelfare is a multidimensional construct and its quantification is of major scientific, societal and economic importance in veterinary medicine. The construction of indices that measure welfare validly and reliably remains a considerable challenge. A general methodology for constructing welfare indices can be adapted from human medicine (in particular, from methodologies to assess Quality of Life [QoL]) and modified to reflect the fact that all assessments of animal welfare must be observer-based. The methodology is based on the creation of individual, composite indices for distinct dimensions/domains of welfare such as pain, disease, or stress. The domains include behavioural, physiological and biochemical markers. We have established QoL methodologies in the assessment of acute and chronic pain in dogs and generalised this approach to farm animal welfare. We describe the development of a questionnaire with seven behavioural categories which are used to create a single pain score to assess acute pain in dogs. For chronic pain in dogs, a structured questionnaire with over 100 items has been devised, which the owner completes by indicating degree of agreement with each item using a seven-point Likert scale. The welfare measure includes pain as an integral component as well as husbandry, behavioural and physiological/biological measures. In each case, a profile of the individual indices can be studied and compared over time or among observers. These indices may also be combined to form a single composite welfare measure, should this be appropriate, using scaling models. In the welfare setting, we have both causal and indicator variables — and indeed, for farm animals, the causal variables may be sufficient cause for poor welfare (eg the presence of disease or inadequate husbandry).

Development of a behaviour-based scale to measure acute pain in dogs

A composite scale for assessing pain in dogs in a hospital setting has been developed on the basis of observations of their behaviour. Initially, 279 words and expressions suggested by...