Acute Occupational Poisoning Research Articles

Analysis of acute occupational poisoning accidents in a city between 1986 and 2005

目的 分析某市1986至2005年间发生的40起急性职业中毒事故,找出其发生的原因和规律,为制定预防对策和措施提供依据.方法 收集中毒事故的调查资料,对事故发生的时间、行业、毒物类别、事故发生原因、中毒人数、死亡人数及救援等要素进行统计分析.结果 某市近10年中毒事故的发生呈上升趋势,化工矿山、交通、基建是该市预防急性中毒事故的重点行业;一氧化碳、苯、二氧化碳、砷化氢、硫化氢中毒居前5位,极度和高毒类化学品引起的事故居首位,中毒死亡人数居前4位的毒物依次是一氧化碳、硫化氢、二氧化碳、农药;蔬菜及果脯加工行业的职业病危害存在严重隐患;缺乏职业卫生安全知识和违反安伞操作规程是导致中毒事故的主要原因.结论 应对极度和高毒类化学品中毒事故采取相应措施,以控制中毒事故的发生。

Characterization of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents in China between 1989 and 2003

To analyze severe acute occupational poisoning accidents reported in China between 1989 and 2003, and to study the characteristics of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents and provide scientific evidences for prevention and control strategies. The data from the national occupational poisoning case reporting system were analyzed with descriptive methods. (1) There were 506 acute severe occupational poisoning accidents for 15 years with 4 657 workers poisoned. The total poisoning rate was 54.8%, and the total mortality was 16.5%. The average poisoning age was (31.9 +/- 9.8) years old and the average death age was (33.7 +/- 10.3) years old. The poisoning accidents occurred more in men than in women. (2) There were more than 112 chemicals which caused these poisoning accidents. Most of the accidents caused by hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, benzene and homologs, metal and metalloid and carbon dioxide, and the types of chemicals varied in different types of industries. (3) The accidents mainly occurred in chemical industry, manufacture, water disposal industry, mining and construction industry, and the risk was higher in some jobs than others, such as cleanout, machine maintenance and repair, production, mine and digging. The accidents occurred more frequently from April to August each year. (1) The control over the severe acute occupational poisoning is urgent. (2) The trend of the characteristics of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents is centralized in the high risk industries, poisons and jobs. (3) The characteristics of the accidents varied in different types of industries. (4) It is the key point to strengthen the supervision on poisoning.

Analysis on acute occupational poisoning and severe accidents during "10th five year plan" in Hunan province

目的 了解急性职业中毒与恶性事故的特点及原因,为更好地制定防治对策与措施提供科学依据.方法 对湖南省"十五"期间报告的急性职业中毒病例和 中的数据,按中毒患者的工业系统、中毒物、专业工龄和恶性急性职业中毒事故发生的原因进行分类统计.结果 5年共报告急性职业中毒183例,其主要分布在轻工、煤炭、化工、三资企业、乡镇企业等工业系统.死亡17人,主要分布在冶金、三资企业、建设等工业系统.中毒物以砷化氢、一氧化碳、氯气、硫化氢等为主,中毒者的工龄以0～5年的青工居多.5年共报告24起恶性急性职业中毒事故,发生的原因主要是企业缺乏安全教育,没有个人防护,没有密闭通风排毒设备,没有安全操作规程等.结论 急性职业中毒与恶性事故仍然严重.重点应抓好对轻工、煤炭、化工、三资企业、乡镇企业及冶金、建设等工业系统和砷化氢、一氧化碳、氯气、硫化氢等急性职业中毒的防治,加强对劳动者尤其是青工的安全生产培训教育,建立与完善用人单位的通风排毒设备和安全操作规程,搞好对工人的个体防护。

Characterization of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to asphyxiating gases in China between 1989 and 2003

To analyze severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to asphyxiating gases reported in China between 1989 and 2003, and to study the characteristics of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents and provide scientific evidences for prevention and control strategies. The data from the national occupational poisoning case reporting system were analyzed with descriptive methods. (1) There were 273 severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to asphyxiating gases for 15 years with 1638 workers poisoned and 600 workers died, which accounted for 53.95% in total accidents and 35.17% of workers poisoned and 78.64% of workers died of all severe acute occupational poisoning accidents. The average poisoning age was (33.8 +/- 9.7) years old and the average death age was (36.6 +/- 10.0) years old. (2) Most of the accidents were caused by hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide respectively, and mainly occurred in chemical industry, mining, water disposal industry, paper making industry and brewing industry. The risk was higher in some jobs than others, such as cleanout, machine maintenance and repair, production, mine and digging. The poisoning accidents occurred more frequently from April to September each year and occurred in the confined space, in the basement and the mine, and workers died of poisoning mostly were men. (1) The severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to asphyxiating gases are more dangerous than others. (2) The control of poisoning accidents related to hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which occurred easily in the confined space, should be paid more attention to, and good work practice should be developed on some posts, such as digging, cleanout, dredge, machine maintenance and repair and mine.

Characterization of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to organic solvents in China between 1989 and 2003

To analyze severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to organic solvents reported in China between 1989 and 2003, and to study the characteristics of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents and provide scientific evidences for prevention and control strategies. The data from the national occupational poisoning case reporting system were analyzed with descriptive methods. (1) There were 58 severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to organic solvents for 15 years with 393 workers poisoned and 48 workers died. The total poisoning rate was 51.2%, and the total mortality was 12.2%. The average poisoning age was (30.9 +/- 8.8) years old and the average death age was (30.6 +/- 12.0) years old. (2) There were 11 types of chemicals that caused these poisoning accidents, and most of the accidents were caused by benzene and homologs. (3) Most of the accidents occurred in manufacture, chemical industry, construction industry, transportation and storage industry, service and commerce. The risk was higher in some jobs than in others, such as paint spraying and cleanout. The poisoning accidents occurred more frequently from April to July each year. (4) The main causes of the accidents were poor ventilation (23.6%), lack of personal protection equipment (21.2%), lack of safety education (19.2%), and lack of safety work practice (15.8%) etc. The ventilation at the workplace involved in organic solvents should be maintained and the skin contacting directly with the organic solvents should be avoided, and it is encouraged to replace the poison with the nontoxic or lower toxic chemicals.

Analysis of the situation of occupational health surveillance and the morbidity of occupational diseases in Guangzhou

To analyze the situation of occupational health surveillance and the characteristics of occupational diseases in Guangzhou. The situation of occupational health surveillance and the morbidity of occupational diseases were studied retrospectively by use of the physical examination data collected from the labour hygienic reports of the city from 1993 to 2002. The data were divided into two groups: the first group from 1993 to 1997, and the second from 1998 to 2002. Annual average of occupational health examination in the past 10 years was over 75%. The data in the second group (1998 - 2002) showed that the number of hearing loss observed subjects, noise surveilled personnels, dust and chemicals contraindicated personnels were significantly higher than those in the 1st group (P < 0.01). The morbidity of chronic occupational disease newly occurred was 91 cases in lst group, and 181 cases in 2nd group (P < 0.05), in which the incidence of chemical poisoning and noise induced hearing loss increased significantly but that of pneumoconiosis between two groups was not significantly different (P > 0.05). In the past 10 years, 581 cases of occupational diseases were diagnosed, of which, 309 cases (53.18%) were acute poisonings, while 272 cases (46.82%) were chronic occupational diseases. Pneumoconiosis, lead and benzene poisoning were common in chronic occupational diseases (16.70%, 16.87% respectively). With the passage of time, the incidence ages of pneumoconiosis, chemical poisoning and total occupational diseases tended towards younger. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01) A normal system for occupational health surveillance has been developed in Guangzhou. Detectable rates in focused surveillance and contraindication have been obviously increasing. The incidence of occupational disease (mainly including acute occupational poisoning, pneumoconiosis, lead and benzene poisonings) is also going up. The incidence age of chronic occupational diseases tends to be younger accompanied with a shorter work history.

Analysis of 19 accidents of acute occupational poisoning

1999年5月至2004年5月,贵州省共发生19起急性职业中毒事故,造成230人中毒,其中15人死亡,对劳动者及其家庭、用人单位、社会造成重大损失.我们通过对这19起事故的分析,提出管理、监督和事故预防的对策和措施,以减少或杜绝事故的发生,保护劳动者的身体健康和生命安全。