UPTURE of the kidney from direct R or indirect trauma is not an uncommon occurrence, but spontaneous rupture appears to be rare. Kiister’ reports having found onIy ten such cases in the course of 30,000 autopsies. Spontaneous rupture usuaIIy takes pIace in the presence of hydronephrosis, chronic nephritis, nephrohthiasis, tubercuIosis, abscess formation, tumor, infarct, acute foca1 infection, hemophiIia, or poIycystic kidney. Wade2 describes a case in which the rupture occurred in an acute nephritic kidney due soIeIy to a rapid and extensive swelhng of the organ. His patient was suffering from syphiIis and maIaria. It was thought that the treatment with mercury caused the acute sweIIing and fina rupture of both kidneys, with fata outcome. Spontaneous rupture due to uretera caIcuIus is a most unusua1 finding. In 1932 Dourmashkin3 reported a case and at that time made a carefuI search of the Iiterature, which reveaIed onIy two simiIar instances, those of HenIine4 and MathC and Oviedo.5 The foIIowing case which recentIy came into my hands prompted a further search of the Iiterature, and onIy one additiona case, that reported by James,” was found.