Acute Inflammatory Process Research Articles

InVivo Visualization and Quantification of Neutrophil Elastase in Lungs of COVID-19 Patients: A First-in-Humans PET Study with 11C-NES.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause life-threatening lung inflammation that is thought to be mediated by neutrophils. The aim of the present work was to evaluate a novel PET tracer for neutrophil elastase (NE). Methods: In this first-in-humans study, 4 patients with hypoxia due to COVID-19 and 2 healthy controls were investigated with PET using 11C-NES and 15O-water for visualization and quantification of NE and perfusion in the lungs, respectively. Results: 11C-NES accumulated selectively in lung areas with COVID-19 opacities on CT scans, suggesting high levels of NE there. In the same areas, perfusion was severely reduced in comparison to healthy lung tissue as measured with 15O-water. Conclusion: The data suggest that NE is associated with severe lung inflammation in COVID-19 patients and that inhibition of NE could potentially reduce the acute inflammatory process and improve the condition.

Phenolic compounds can induce systemic and central immunomodulation, which result in a neuroprotective effect.

Inflammation may negatively impact health, particularly that of the central nervous system. Phenolic compounds are bioactive molecules present in fruits and vegetables with potential anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the present work is to review the immunomodulatory bioactivities of phenolic compounds in the periphery and in the central nervous system. Results show that various types of phenolics are able to counter diet- or pathogen-induced systemic inflammation (among others) in various models. In vitro data show significant effects of flavonoids and phenolic acids in particular; similar bioactivities were reported in vivo, when administering them as pure compounds or from fruit and vegetable extracts that contain them. In the central nervous system, phenolics counter chronic inflammation and aggressive acute inflammatory processes, such as ischemic events, when administered preemptively and even therapeutically. We therefore conclude that the immunomodulatory potential of phenolic compounds can maintain an adequate immune response; their regular consumption should therefore be prioritized in order to maintain health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The immune response must be carefully regulated in order to avoid its deleterious effects. The present work highlights how phenolic compounds, dietary components ubiquitous in everyday diet, are able to maintain it within an adequate range. As humans are exposed to more proinflammatory stimuli (inadequate dietary pattern, mental stress, environmental pollution, chronic diseases, etc.), it becomes necessary to counter them, and consuming adequate amounts of foods that contain compounds with this ability is a rather simple strategy. Thus, the present work highlights how fruits and vegetables can help to maintain an adequate immune response that can preserve systemic health and that of the central nervous system. Furthermore, specific compounds contained in them can also be ideal candidates for additional in-depth studies, which can potentially lead to the development of potent, targeted, and safe anti-inflammatory molecules.

Single intratesticular injection of blood-serum-derived exosomes can potentially alleviate testopathy following testicular torsion.

BackgroundTesticular torsion (TT) is an acute inflammatory process leading to male infertility. Today, anti‐inflammatory effects of exosomes derived from blood serum are used in various laboratory procedures. In the present study, the anti‐inflammatory effects of blood‐serum‐derived exosomes in treatment of acute inflammation following TT in mice were evaluated.Materials and MethodsEighteen male mice were grouped as healthy control, TT, and TT + exosome. TT was induced surgically, and exosomes were extracted from blood serum and administrated by a single intratesticular injection (10 IU). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Griess assays were used to evaluate the level of oxidative stress. Sperm indices, testosterone (Tes), and apoptotic gene expression (p‐53, Bcl2, and Caspase‐3) were also assessed. H&E and immunohistochemistry (IHC) stainings were used for histopathological investigations. Data analysis was applied by SPSS (v.19) software.ResultsOxidative stress and apoptotic genes expression were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in TT group compared with control. Sperm parameters and Tes were significantly increased, and expression of apoptotic genes was significantly reduced in TT + exosome group (p < 0.05).ConclusionSince the blood‐serum‐derived exosomes have anti‐inflammatory features, the intratesticular application of blood‐serum‐derived exosomes can be used clinically in acute phase of orchitis following TT to inhibit testicular inflammation.

Implantation of an Impedance Sensor for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Anastomotic Leaks

IntroductionAccurate early diagnosis of a gastrointestinal anastomotic leak remains a challenge. When an anastomotic leak develops, the electrical properties of the tissue undergoing inflammatory processes change, resulting from the extravasation of inflammatory fluid and cellular infiltration. The method described here intends to provide a novel early anastomotic leak warning system based upon measurable changes in tissue impedance nearby an acute inflammatory process. MethodsA biodegradable Mg-alloy was compared with a nonabsorbable stainless steel (STS) electrode connected to a wireless recording system for impedance measurement. In vitro measurements were made in physiological solutions and small animal (eight mice) and large animal (eight pigs) models with an anastomotic leak simulated by an open colotomy. Measurements were made at 10 mm intervals from the open colon at baseline and up to 120 min comparing these with a sutured colonic wound and normal tissue. ResultsIn-vitro biodegradable magnesium electrode impedance evaluation showed good sensitivity to different media due to its environmental corrosion properties. The impedance of an acidic environment (1.06 ± 0.02 kΩ for citric acid) was twice that of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (0.64 ± 0.008 kΩ) with a distinction between Normal Saline (0.42 ± 0.013 kΩ) and PBS (0.64 ± 0.008 kΩ). This was in contrast to the performance characteristics of the control STS electrodes, where impedance in an acidic environment was lower than saline or PBS (citric acid:0.76 ± 0.01 kΩ versus PBS: 1.32 ± 0.014 kΩ). In a mouse model simulating an anastomotic leak, there was a significant increase in impedance after 120 min when compared with controls (99.7% increase versus 9.6% increase, respectively; P < 0.02). This effect was confirmed in a pig model when relative impedance measurements of the leak and control groups were compared (1.86 ± 0.46 versus 1.07 ± 0.02, respectively; P < 0.027). ConclusionsElectrophysiological measurement shows diagnostic sensitivity for a gastrointestinal leak with potential clinical utility in the postoperative detection of early intra-abdominal sepsis. Further investigation of biodegradable tissue sensors capable of monitoring an early anastomotic leak is required.

Local injection of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells alters a molecular expression profile of a contact frostbite injury wound and improves healing in a rat model

IntroductionFrostbite is a traumatic injury of the tissues upon low temperature environment exposure, which is characterized by direct cell injury due to freezing-thawing followed by development of an acute inflammatory process. Severe frostbite can lead to necrosis of soft tissues and loss of a limb. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have a unique ability to modulate pathogenic immune response by secretion of paracrine factors, which suppress inflammation and mediate more efficient tissue regeneration. It should be noted that potential of stem cell therapy for frostbite injury treatment has not been investigated so far. Here, we evaluated a healing capacity of bone-marrow derived MSCs for the treatment of contact frostbite injury wound in a rat model. MethodsCold-contact injury in a Wistar rat model was induced by 1-minute tight application of the cooled probe (−196 ⁰C) to the skin surface of the left hip. Rat bone marrow MSCs were phenotypically characterized and used for local injections into non-damaged tissues surrounding the wound of animals from the experimental group. The second group of rats was treated in the same manner with 1 mL of isotonic sodium chloride solution. Analysis of cytokine and growth factor expression profile in сold-contact injury wounds was performed on days 5, 9, and 16 using immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Animal recovery in MSC-treated and vehicle-treated groups was evaluated by several criteria including body weight recording, determination of eschar desquamation and re-epithelialization terms, assessment of wound closure kinetics, and histological scoring of the wounds on day 23. ResultsIt turned out that a single subcutaneous administration of MSCs around the wound site resulted in elevated expression of pro-survival and pro-angiogenic VEGF-A and PDGF and 3–5-fold decrease in pro-inflammatory IL-1β as compared with the frostbite wound treated with a vehicle. Moreover, treatment with MSCs caused accelerated wound re-epithelialization (p < 0.05) as well as a better histological score of the MSC-treated wounds. ConclusionsThus, our data suggested that the use of MSCs is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cold-induced injury wounds.

CURRENT DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DRY SOCKET

Background. Tooth extraction is the most common surgical intervention in the outpatient practice of a dental surgeon. In most cases, bone wound healing is uncomplicated. However, in some patients the course of healing is complicated by acute inflammatory process of dry socket (alveolar osteitis), the frequency of which increases with increasing trauma of surgery. In dentally healthy patients with typical tooth extraction, dry socket occurs in 2.55%, with difficult – in 9.84%, with atypical extraction of the lower wisdom tooth – in 31.03% of cases. In the presence of diabetes, the incidence of dry socket with typical removal is much higher and according to various authors it is 9.7-13.5%. Objective. The aim of the research was to study the publications and their analysis on the current diagnosis, prevention and treatment of patients with dry socket. Methods. Scientific sources were the articles in world periodicals on dental surgery and therapy, microbiology as well as some electronic resources and patents. Results. At present, many techniques, methods, schemes, compositions for treatment of various forms of dry socket are established. Most often, antibacterial drugs or their combinations with other drugs are used. However, antibacterial drugs do not always have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect due to the high resistance of the oral microflora. In these cases, contemporary drugs in the form of a composition with long-term antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic action are rational. Conclusions. The action of a Flupetsal composition, which contains antimicrobial and immunomodulatory drug flurenizide, was clinically proven for treatment of patients with dry socket; the properties of the available ingredients provide a high disinfectant effect, prevent development of inflammation in the tissues and its transition to purulence. A contemporary effective method of treating patients with dry socket is carried out according to the developed method.

Relationship of Troponin I with Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Serum Amyloid A in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract&#x0D; Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of death in the world. Acute myocardial infarction can initiate an acute inflammatory process by inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines at the cellular level measured by NLR, at the biomolecular level characterized by SAA production in liver. The relationship of elevated troponin I levels as a marker of myocardial necrosis with NLR and SAA as inflammatory markers need further discussion. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between cardiac necrosis markers and inflammatory parameters in ACS.&#x0D; Methods: An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted from March to May 2019. This study involved 32 patients with ACS at the Emergency Department of Dr.Kariadi Hospital, with the onset of attacks of 4-6 hours which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Examination of troponin I level was done using the ELFA method, NLR value was measured using a hematology analyzer, and SAA level was measured using the ELISA method. Statistical test was done using Spearman correlation. Value of p &lt; 0.05 was considered significant.&#x0D; Results: The median (min-max) of troponin I, NLR, and SAA values were 0.617 (0.001-40,000) μg/L, 4.92 (1.38-18.16) and 40.454 (5.879-66.059) μg/ml, respectively. The correlation of troponin I level with NLR and SAA were r=0.180, p=0.243 and r=0.655, p=0.000.&#x0D; Conclusions: There was a significant positive moderate relationship between troponin I level and SAA which could be used as a marker of acute inflammation in ACS, whereas cell inflammation marker of NLR did not provide a significant meaning.&#x0D; Keywords: ACS, NLR, SAA, troponin

Effect of Probiotic Therapy on Hemodynamic Response Associated with Systemic Inflammatory Reaction and Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis in Chronic Experiments in Rats.

The effect of probiotic therapy on the main hemodynamic parameters was studied in Wistar rats with modeled syndrome of systemic inflammatory response resulting from chemically induced colitis complicated by antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Using a wireless telemetry monitoring system in round-the-clock mode, the mean systolic and diastolic BP, HR, and body temperature were measured over 27 days. In the group of animals receiving no probiotics, a significant decrease in feed consumption and body weight loss were observed. By the end of the experiment, BP in this group was lower by 12% and HR was higher by 10% than in the control. In animals treated with a mixture of probiotic strains Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, all the studied parameters returned to the initial values. Thus, we demonstrated the possibility of using probiotic drugs for the treatment of acute systemic inflammatory process, which should be considered in the development of new treatment protocols in veterinary and medicine.

Plasma‐coated PCL scaffolds with immobilized platelet‐rich plasma enhance the wound healing in diabetics mice

AbstractCOOH plasma polymer layers deposited onto polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers by plasma polymerization of CO2and C2H4in the Ar atmosphere were obtained and tested for diabetic wound healing. Simply by changing the deposition time, very different morphologies of coated PCL nanofibers were achieved. In vivo tests revealed that by applying modified nanofibers for 10 days, wound healing accelerated by 32.1%. Compared to a controlled wound characterized by an acute inflammatory process, wounds covered with nanofibers with platelet‐rich plasma demonstrated complete healing with a high percentage of collagen fibers on Day 19.

COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF VITAMIN D STATUS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN SUFFERING FROM RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

Relevance. Vitamin D has a wide range of biological effects. The immunomodulatory properties of this vitamin and the higher incidence rate of respiratory infections against the background of its lack are of particular interest.&#x0D; Objective to determine the relationship between 25-hydroxycalciferol serum concentration, the main parameters of clinical blood test, the particular features of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia and the burden indicators of acute respiratory infections among preschool children.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Seventy-four children (34 boys and 40 girls) aged one to six years old, undergoing inpatient treatment on acute respiratory infection, were involved in the clinical study. Two markers of acute respiratory infections recurrence (infectious index, resistance index) and dolichostenomelia integral indicator were calculated in the patients. The main erythrocyte and platelet parameters of clinical blood test and 25-hydroxycalciferol serum concentration were quantified as well.&#x0D; Results. The inverse interdependence was revealed between the resistance index and the variation coefficient of erythrocytes in terms of their volume (ρ =-0,312; p=0,011). The regression dependence of infectious index on the dolichostenomelia integral indicator was found. The results obtained gave preconditions for further research on the problem of recurrent respiratory infections in pediatric practice.&#x0D; Conclusions. The examined children, who had lower categorical levels of 25-hydroxycalciferol concentration, also had higher maximum body temperature against the background of acute inflammatory process in respiratory system (H=10,079; p=0,018). The highly close relationship was established between the distribution categories of the patients according to the concentration of 25-hydroxycalciferol and the value of dolichostenomelia integral indicator (φс=0,624; p=0,004). The inverse moderate correlation was found between the concentration of 25-hydroxycalciferol and the resistance index (ρ=-0,347; p=0,043). Partial correlation analysis showed the interdependence of 25-hydroxycalciferol concentration with platelets number (ρ(xy-z)=0,336; p=0,048) and platelet Crit value (ρ(xy-z)=0,342; p=0,043) without taking into account the patients’ age.

Immunomodulatory role of thrombin in cancer progression.

Coagulation proteases and the generation of thrombin are increased in tumors. In addition, chemotherapeutic agents commonly used to treat malignant cancers can exacerbate cancer-associated thromboses. Thrombin can modify tumor cell behavior directly through the activation of protease-activated receptors (PAR) or indirectly by generating fibrin matrices. In addition to its role in generating fibrin to promote hemostasis, thrombin acts directly on multiple effector cells of the immune system impacting both acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Thrombin-mediated release of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 leads to the accumulation of multiple tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cell populations including myeloid derived suppresser cells, M2-like macrophages, and T regulatory cells. Ablation of PAR-1 from the tumor microenvironment, but not the tumor, has been shown to dramatically reduce tumor growth and metastasis in multiple tumor models. Thrombin-activated platelets release immunosuppressive cytokines including transforming growth factor-β that can inhibit natural killer cell activity, helping tumor cells to evade host immunosurveillance. Taken together, there is strong evidence that thrombin influences cancer progression via multiple mechanisms, including the tumor immune response, with thrombin emerging as a target for novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.

Analysis of the anti-inflammatory potential of Brassica bioactive compounds in a human macrophage-like cell model derived from HL-60 cells

BackgroundChronic inflammatory diseases are major causes of global morbidity and mortality. Acute inflammation is meant to protect the body against foreign agents, but it also plays a major role in tissue repairment. Several mediators are involved in this process, including pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages. Occasionally, if the inflammatory response is not resolved, the acute inflammatory process can evolve into a chronic inflammation. Natural compounds from vegetables are considered as an important source of active agents with potential to treat or prevent inflammatory related pathologies and could be used as an alternative of the therapeutic agents currently in use, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which present several side effects. MethodsIn this research work we evaluated in vitro the anti-inflammatory activity of a series of ten phytochemicals present in Brassica, measured as the potential of those compounds to reduce the production of key pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) by a human macrophage-like cell model of HL-60 cells ResultsMost of the tested phytochemicals (including the most representative bioactive molecules of the major classes of compounds present in cruciferous foods such as glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins) demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity at micromolar level in the absence of cytotoxic effects in this human macrophage-like cell model. ConclusionThese data confirm that phytochemicals commonly obtained from Brassica may be potential therapeutic leads to treat or prevent human chronic inflammation and related diseases.

Інформативність загальноприйнятих запальних маркерів крові у верифікації гострих інфекційно-запальних процесів нижніх дихальних шляхів у дітей

Verification of acute infectious inflammatory processes of the lower respiratory tract and indication for antibiotic therapy are often based on the evaluation of the activity of inflammatory blood markers, but the data on their informative value in the diagnosis of acute pneumonia and bronchitis in children are controversial and conflicting. Purpose - to study the diagnostic value of some inflammatory blood markers in the verification of uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia and acute obstructive bronchitis with the purpose of management’s optimization of infectious inflammatory diseases of the lower respiratory tract in children. Materials and methods. At the pulmonological department of the Regional children’s clinical hospital in Chernivtsi city 75 children have been examined. In the I clinical group 51 patients with diagnosis of «community-acquired pneumonia» were enrolled, and the second (II) group consisted of 24 children with acute obstructive bronchitis. According to the main clinical characteristics, the comparison groups have been comparable. The results of the study have been analyzed by parametric («P», Student’s criterion) and non-parametric («Рφ», Fisher’s angular transform method) calculation methods, and methods of clinical epidemiology with an evaluation of the diagnostic value of the tests has been performed taking into account their sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), as well as the odd ratio (OR) of the event, taking into account their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results. The analysis of the obtained dada has showed that in the patients with community-acquired pneumonia such common inflammatory blood markers (leukocytosis, relative neutrophilosis, shift of leukocyte formula to the left, elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or high level of С-reactive protein - CRP) are characterized by low sensitivity (Se in range between 11% and 63%) indicating that they are inadvisable for use as the screening tests for the verification of pneumonia. At the same time, it has been shown that these inflammatory blood markers are characterized by sufficient specificity (in the range from 75% to 93%) in the verification of pneumonia only under their significant increase (total leukocyte count &gt;15.0x10⁹, ESR &gt;10 mm/h and СRP level in blood &gt;6 mg/ml), indicating that they are relevant enough, but only for confirming inflammation of the lung parenchyma. It has been found that the normal level of leukocytes (&lt;10.0x109) in the hemogram did not have sufficient diagnostic (the number of false-negative and false-positive results was 46% and 45%, respectively) or probable predictor role (OR=1.44; 95%CI: 0.54-3.81) in the diagnosis of acute obstructive bronchitis, and therefore could not influence the composition of etiotropic treatment, namely to cancellation of antibiotic therapy. However, the number of rod neutrophils ≤5% in the common blood count has been characterized by a small number (16%) of false-positive results, which allows the use of this marker as confirming the diagnosis of acute obstructive bronchitis, and as well, as indication for antibiotic therapy discontinuation, but not as a predictor (OR=2.21; 95% CI: 0.69-7.06) or screening index (Se=29%). Conclusions. Analysis of the data has showed that in children with community-acquired pneumonia such common indicators of inflammatory response (leukocytosis, relative neutrophilia, shift of leukocyte formula to the left, acceleration of ESR or high CRP level in the blood) are characterized by a large proportion of false-negative results, and thus indicates the inexpediency of their use as screening methods to verify pneumonia. At the same time, it has been shown that these inflammatory blood markers are characterized by sufficient specificity in the verification of pneumonia under their significant increase (number of blood leukocytes &gt;15.0 x10⁹, ESR ≥10 mm/h and CRP level &gt;6mg/ml), which indicates the possibility of their use to confirm inflammation of the lung parenchyma. Herewith the number of rod neutrophils in the hemogram ≤5% is characterized by a high specificity (Sp=84%), which allows to use this marker in confirming the diagnosis of acute obstructive bronchitis and, as well as, an indication for antibiotic therapy cancellation. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: community-acquired pneumoniae; obstructive bronchitis; children; markers of a blood inflammatory response; diagnostical value.

The Effectiveness of 80% Kefir Gel Against The Overview The Number of Fibroblasts in Healing Cuts Mice (Mus Musculus)

Several sources cause skin tissue damage. Kefir probiotics, made from fermented cow's milk, are believed to remove scars during use. Kefir involves a series of immune processes, acute and chronic inflammatory processes, cell division cell migration, chemotaxis, and various differentiations. This research determines the histopathological fibroblast cells in the wound healings in mice (Mus musculus) given 80% kefir probiotic. The method of research was the posttest-only control group experimental design. Mus musculus aged eight weeks with a bodyweight of 18-40 grams were taken in two groups randomly with 32 Mice. The result is that fibroblasts in the negative control group had a smaller mean of 10,25 compared to the mean number of fibroblast cells in the 80% Kefir group, which was 25,18. Thus, it was proven that the effectiveness of Kefir probiotics of wound healing in mice (Mus musculus) was given 80% kefir probiotic (p=0,000 &lt;0.05). There is an effect of kefir probiotic on the healing of cuts in mice based on the calculation of the number of fibroblast cells.

A tertiary care prospective of epidemiology and aetiopathogenesis of acute pancreatitis

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a potentially lethal condition resulting from an acute inflammatory process in the pancreas usually manifested by upper abdominal pain and raised concentration of pancreatic enzymes in blood, urine and peritoneal fluid. Aims and objectives were to study the epidemiology and aetiopathogenesis of acute pancreatitis in Jammu region of Northern India.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study, conducted in the postgraduate department of surgery, Government Medical College Jammu for a period of 3 years and included all admitted patients with diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The main outcome variable was to find the various etiological factors associated with acute pancreatitis.Results: In our study acute pancreatitis was found to be more common in younger people. Most of the patients in the study population were below 40 years of age. Majority of the patients presented first time to the hospital with the chief complaints of pain upper abdomen. In this study, we found that the two principal causes of acute pancreatitis in our population were gall stones and alcoholism which contributed a total of about 68% cases followed by other causes such as hyperlipidemia, drug induced pancreatitis, worm induced acute pancreatitis, post-surgical pancreatitis, post traumatic pancreatitis, and hypercalcemia.Conclusions: Acute pancreatitis is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, and is quite common in Northern India. As such there is a need to make our population aware regarding the impact of alcoholism and bad dietary practices in causation of acute pancreatitis.

Реабілітація хворих з переломами дистального метаепіфіза променевої кістки

Переломи дистального метаепіфіза променевої кістки (ПДМЕПК, переломи променя в типовому місці) зустрічаються досить часто, особливо у людей похилого віку. Незадовільні результати лікування у пацієнтів віком понад 70 років відмічаються у 44 % випадків. Робота присвячена поліпшенню результатів лікування хворих із переломами дистального метаепіфіза променевої кістки. Реабілітаційне лікування включало мультимодальне знеболювання, диференційовано і обґрунтовано застосовану медикаментозну терапію, щадну репозицію із застосуванням запропонованого пристрою, ранню кінезитерапію, масаж і фізіотерапію. Функціональні результати реабілітації хворих із переломами ДМЕПК за шкалою DASH свідчили про її високу ефективність.

Оценка эффективности использования аутологичной роговицы при проведении кератопластики у собак и кошек. Результаты применения препарата «Репарин-Хелпер®» в постоперационном периоде

This article summarizes clinical results in treatment of deep corneal ulcers and descemetocele, in which keratoplasty with autologous cornea was used. Deep corneal ulcers are followed by an acute inflammatory process and high risk of developing complications leading to vision loss. Conservative treatment of such pathologies is long and not always successful. Keratoplasty for corneal transplantation is considered an effective method. The outcome of an operation depends on the transplanted material and the tactics of postoperative treatment. The present study involved 12 animals and evaluated the effectiveness of using autologous cornea for keratoplasty, which was followed by post-operative treatment using a regenerative drug. The authors describe the clinical picture, the techniques involved in the operation, and the results following the dynamic observation of animals. The results show that the use of autologous cornea for deep corneal ulcers can be an effective treatment method. There was no rejection in any of the 12 examined cases, the morphofunctional characteristics of the cornea were preserved. The post-operative treatment included a regenerative drug. The use of a regenerative drug accelerated the healing process, allowed to preserve the transparency of the cornea and reduce the risks of transplant rejection.

ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЙ СТРЕСС И АНТИОКСИДАНТНАЯ СИСТЕМА ПРИ НЕСПЕЦИФИЧЕСКОМ АОРТОАРТЕРИИТЕ I ТИПА

Objective: To study the features of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant system (AOS) in blood in Takayasu arteritis (NF) with a predominant lesion of brachiocephalic vessels. Methods: Several markers of LPO (malondialdehyde – MDA), AOS (superoxide dismutase – SOD, ascorbic acid – AA) and inflammation (sialic acid – SA) were studied in 16 patients with type I TA, where the inflammatory process was localized mainly in the aortic arch and its branches. Most commonly TA was observed among females (n=14; 87.5%), the average age of patients was 20.8±0.8 years. The study of the above markers was carried out in two stages: upon admission of patients in the stage of exacerbation of inflammation and after targeted anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant therapy – in the stage of remission of the inflammatory process. Results: The study of LPO and AOS showed that in all patients, upon admission, there was a considerable oxidant-antioxidant imbalance due to an acute inflammatory process. MDA was increased by 2.6 times constituting 3.9±0.1 μmol/l. After pathogenetically targeted therapy, its significant decrease to 2.9±0.1 μmol/l (р˂0.001) was achieved. Activation of LPO was paralleled with a significant decrease of the body's AOS markers. The activity of SOD and concentration of AA during acute inflammatory process was reduced by 1.4 and 1.3 times, and amounted to 13.3±0.1 c.u./l and 57.8±0.3 μmol/l, respectively. After pulse therapy these indicators showed a significant increase compared with the initial data: up to 15.9±0.2 c.u./l and 63.9±0.4 μmol/l, respectively. The content of SA, which is one of the important components of cell membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids, was increased by 2.3 times (6.1±0.1 mmol/l), while after treatment it significantly decreased to 3.4±0.1 mmol/l (p˂0.001). Gender and age did not affect the dynamics of the specified markers, except for SA, which showed higher values in women (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: With TA in the stage of acute inflammation, increased content of MDA was found, indicating development of the oxidative stress. On this background the AOS indicators were decreased, which should be taken into account during preoperative preparation of patients for upcoming revascularization. The inclusion antioxidants in the protocol of standard TA therapy may improve the patients’ outcomes. Keywords: Takayasu arteritis, lipid peroxidation , antioxidant system, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid, sialic acid.

Possibilities of modern forms of antimicrobial peptides in the treatment of inflammatory pathology of the pharynx

Inflammatory diseases of the pharynx occupy one of the leading places in the structure of otorhinolaryngological pathology. Acute and chronic inflammatory processes in the pharynx, as well as exacerbations of the latter, are faced by doctors of a wide range of specialties. Oropharyngeal swab laboratory testing is required to identify a specific pathogen, which takes time. In this regard, of particular interest are local drugs with the necessary spectrum of action, the use of which is possible, both as monotherapy and in combination with systemic therapy. The combination of tyrothricin (tyrothricin), benzalkonium chloride (benzalkonium chloride), and benzocaine (benzocaine) (dorithricin) is highly effective in the treatment of bacterial, viral and fungal infections of the pharynx, and microorganisms consistently demonstrate high sensitivity to the components of the drug.

Relationships Between Transcranial Doppler Velocity, Von Willebrand Factor, Factor VIII, and Hematological Parameters in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Objectives Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is associated with recurrent acute inflammatory processes. These inflammatory processes could lead to elevation of Factor VIII and Von Willebrand Factor levels, thereby increasing the risk of stroke in SCA children. This study aims to determine vWF/FVIII levels in children with SCA and their association with abnormal transcranial Doppler (TCD). Subjects and Methods This study enrolled 75 children, including 24 SCA cases with normal TCD, 27 SCA cases with abnormal TCD, and 24 Hb AA controls, all aged between 2 and 16 years. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound was performed to measure the cerebral blood velocity. Venous blood drawn from each participant was used to determine the levels of von Willebrand Factor Antigen (vWF: Ag) and Factor VIII (FVIII) and the complete blood count (CBC). Relationships among the measured parameters were determined using SPSS version 25. Statistical significance was set at P &lt; .05. Results FVIII and vWF levels were significantly higher among children with SCA compared to the Hb AA controls ( P &lt; .001). Although SCA patients with abnormal TCD tended to have higher levels of FVIII and vWF, this result did not attain statistical significance ( P &gt; .05). There was a moderate negative correlation between the left middle cerebral artery and FVIII, (r = −0.332; P = .017). Children with SCA showing an abnormal TCD velocity had significantly higher platelet count compared to those with normal TCD ( P = .018). Conclusion Children with SCA have elevated levels of FVIII and vWF, and an abnormal TCD velocity is associated with elevated platelet count.