Acute Hemorrhagic Edema Of Infancy Research Articles

Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy: Report of 4 Cases and Review of the Current Literature

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years of age. It is a rare disease characterized by mild fever, a violent onset of hemorrhagic skin lesions, and edema usually followed by a spontaneous and complete recovery. Although the etiology is unknown, AHEI often follows infections, drug treatment, or vaccination. In the present report, the authors describe 4 cases of AHEI and review the relevant literature.

Renal involvement and hypocomplementemia in a patient with acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis that affects children under 2 years of age and is clinically characterized by fever, extensive tender edema and large purpuric lesions that involve mainly the face, ears and limbs. AHEI typically exhibits an acute onset, with a short benign course followed by spontaneous and complete recovery. Visceral involvement is usually absent, and laboratory studies reveal no specific abnormalities. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of AHEI remain unknown. We describe a patient with AHEI exhibiting transient renal involvement and hypocomplementemia. A 19-month-old Japanese boy was admitted to our hospital with a 2-day history of fever and purpura affecting his face, right ear and legs, and a 1-day history of painful edema of the right side of his face and his right lower leg. Laboratory studies revealed microscopic hematuria, proteinuria and hypocomplementemia affecting C4, C1q and CH50. A clinical diagnosis of AHEI was made, and the patient made a rapid and completely recovery without any specific therapy. We suggest that activation of the classical pathway of complement might be one of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of AHEI.

Edema hemorrágico agudo da infância: uma variante da púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein?

O edema hemorrágico agudo da infância (EHAI) é uma vasculite leucocitoclástica rara, com aproximadamente 100 casos descritos na literatura de língua inglesa. As lesões cutâneas características são púrpuras palpáveis, que se localizam em face, orelhas e extremidades, e lembram a figura de um medalhão. É uma vasculite de pequenos vasos, característica de crianças menores de dois anos de idade. Na maioria das vezes, tem curso autolimitado e benigno, apesar da aparência das lesões. Relatamos o caso de uma lactente, que iniciou edema de mãos e pés, lesões purpúricas na face e febre, e comparamos a outros já descritos, de acordo com a revisão da literatura acerca do assunto. A raridade da doença pode estar associada ao subdiagnóstico ou ao diagnóstico equivocado de púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein (PHS). EHAI é precedido na maioria dos casos por infecções, imunizações ou drogas. O envolvimento de mucosas e vísceras raramente ocorre. Nenhum tratamento é recomendado atualmente. O alerta para essa vasculite tem como objetivo auxiliar o diagnóstico, tornando-o mais precoce, e evitar tratamentos e preocupações desnecessárias.

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy associated with upper respiratory infection: Two case reports and a review of the literature

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy associated with upper respiratory infection: Two case reports and a review of the literature

Intussusception in an Infant with Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy typically occurs in infants less than 2 years of age and follows a benign clinical course. Gastrointestinal complications are unusual in this entity, in contrast to children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura, who are predominantly older than 2 years and at risk for potential morbidity from gastrointestinal tract and kidney involvement. We describe an infant with acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy who developed intussusception.

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy: A case report

A 12-month-old male presented with edematous purpuric plaques on the extremities (including the palms and soles), and violaceous targetoid macules on the hard palate and earlobes. The patient had an upper respiratory infection and conjunctivitis 10 days prior to the development of the skin lesions, and was vaccinated 3 weeks before this presentation. He was found to have increased IgA levels and increased ESR. Skin biopsies demonstrated leukocytoclastic vasculitis and IgA granular deposition on superficial dermal vessels. These findings are characteristic of acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy, an entity that must be distinguished from other leukocytoclastic vasculitis, especially Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

Edema hemorrágico agudo del lactante

Background: Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a cutaneous small vessel leukocytoclastic vasculitis characterized by purpuric plaques and edema of limbs, in a healthy infant. Clinical presentation consists in a recent history of upper respiratory tract infection and/or use of antibiotics or immunizations that triggers an immunologic response mediated by immune complexes. The main differential diagnosis is Schonlein-Henoch Purpura and it is a benign self-limited disease. Objective: To inform about this disease and therefore increase its diagnosis. Case Report: An 8 months-old healthy infant with edema and purpura in the face and limbs, associated with respiratory disease. Laboratory exams were normal and skin biopsy was compatible with AHEI. He didn’t receive any specific treatment and the disease improved spontaneously without recurrence. This child presents a typical case of acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy. Although it is unfrequent, skin manifestations are alarming and can mistake the diagnosis.

Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy Associated with Herpes Simplex Type 1 Stomatitis

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy is a benign leukocytoclastic vasculitis occurring in children younger than 2 years. The etiology is unknown. Viral or bacterial infections, immunizations, and the use of several medications, mainly antibiotics, may be involved in the pathogenesis. We report the first instance of this disease associated with herpesvirus type 1 stomatitis.

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy

An 11-month-old boy initially presented to an outside hospital with fever, rhinorrhea, swelling, and papular lesions involving the left foot. He was diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis and he subsequently underwent debridement of the lower left leg. Tissue cultures were submitted and were negative. Histopathological examination revealed a subcutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The patient was then transferred to the University of California Davis Medical Center at which time he was noted to have erythematous nontender annular and targetoid patches and plaques with purpuric centers; the lesions were scattered over the legs, right foot, flanks, and pinnae. The clinical and histopathological findings supported a diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy. Supportive care was maintained and the lesions and associated edema resolved. Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy is a form of leukocytoclastic vasculitis that, despite a rapid and dramatic onset, has a benign prognosis.

Acute hemorrhagic edema in an infant mimicking Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a case study

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is an uncommon form of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis that occurs in infants and children younger than 2 years. AHEI is characterized clinically by marked peripheral edema and fever as well as large palpable purpuric and ecchymotic skin lesions in a target-like pattern, mainly on the face, ears and extremities, similar to the skin findings of Henoch- Schonlein purpura (HSP). The skin lesions heal spontaneously within one to three weeks and internal organs are rarely affected. We report a case of AHEI occurring in a 23-month-old boy who was initially misdiagnosed as HSP, and was later diagnosed according to his clinical symptoms and histochemical characteristics

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy: Report of two cases

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy: Report of two cases

Hypersensitivity reactions in neonates and infants

Although rare, several hypersensitivity reactions can occur in the infant population. Several types of hypersensitivity reactions are discussed, including urticaria, drug eruptions, erythema multiforme, allergic contact dermatitis, and vasculitis (acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy); neonatal lupus also is discussed. Although most of these conditions are benign, their presentations can be dramatic and a cause of concern for both parents and physicians. Important considerations and differences in the diagnosis and management of these conditions in children under the age of 6 months are discussed.

Edema agudo hemorrágico da infância

Relatamos o caso de uma crianca de oito meses de idade com infeccao das vias aereas superiores, seguida de irritabilidade e pelo aparecimento de lesoes purpuricas na face, extremidades e pavilhoes auriculares e edema de dorso dos pes e das maos. Inicialmente recebeu dexametasona, ampicilina e cloranfenicol para tratamento de suposta meningococcemia. Entretanto, as lesoes caracteristicas e a boa evolucao clinica do quadro levaram-nos ao diagnostico de uma forma rara de vasculite cutânea: edema agudo hemorragico da infância.

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy.

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a leukocytoclastic vasculitis of infants. Even though the cutaneous findings are dramatic in both appearance and rapidity of onset, the prognosis is benign. We report on eight patients with AHEI evaluated from the viewpoints of age, sex, history of infection, drug administration or immunization before the onset of skin lesions, laboratory findings, cutaneous findings, cutaneous biopsy and treatment. The ages of the patients, six of whom were male, ranged between 7 and 27 months. Five episodes in our patients occurred in winter. Six patients (75%) had a history of recent infection, drug administration or immunization. All patients had fever, peripheral edema and large, purpuric, annular or targetoid plaques on the face and extremities. Two patients had mucosal involvement (conjunctiva and palatum molle). One patient with severe genital involvement had trunk involvement. Hematologic and immunologic tests were not diagnostic in any patient. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis was demonstrated in four patients for whom a cutaneous biopsy was performed. Complete recovery time ranged between 4 and 7 days. We believe that AHEI is a benign disorder, despite its dramatic appearance. We want to point out that mucosal and trunk involvement may also occur in AHEI.

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI)

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI)

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy

Collagen Vascular Diseases of Childhood

This article is devoted to collagen vascular diseases of childhood. The connective tissue diseases that are discussed are lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and dermatomyositis. Of the vasculitic syndromes, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy, and polyarteritis nodosa are discussed. Although the collagen vascular diseases are rare in the pediatric age group, when they occur they can be very serious.

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI)—A variant of Henoch-Schönlein purpura or a distinct clinical entity?

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is an acute cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) of infants. The clinical picture has a violent onset with a short benign course followed by spontaneous complete recovery. We report 12 infants with AHEI who were studied clinically, serologically, and immunohistologically. Edema and palpable purpuric skin lesions were present in all infants who were in good general condition. Serologic studies were unremarkable. Light microscopic examination of the skin biopsy specimens revealed LCV as in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). Direct immunofluorescent study revealed depositions of various immunoreactants, including fibrinogen, C3, IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE (100%, 100%, 22%, 78%, 33%, and 33%, respectively) in the wall and around the small vessels. Similar deposition of Clq was also present in three infants in whom Clq could be studied (100%). The clinical similarities and differences between AHEI and HSP have been discussed in the literature. AHEI is observed before 2 years of age and is confined to the skin. The skin lesions of HSP are more polymorphic. Although histopathologic findings are similar, the immunohistologic pattern found in our series of AHEI is rather different from the pattern of HSP. Taking all of these findings into account, we suggest that AHEI should be considered as a separate, clinicopathologic entity or a possible variant of HSP. The more descriptive term "acute benign cutaneous LCV of infancy" is offered for this clinicopathologic entity.