Acute Head Research Articles

Malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system in Japan: Histologic and immunohistologic studies

Ninety-seven Japanese patients with so-called primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS-NHL), unrelated to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or organ transplantation, were reviewed. The patients' ages ranged from 1 to 87 years (median: 58 years) with a male to female ratio of 1.77:1. The most frequent past histories were acute appendicitis (appendectomy), head injury, uveitis or iritis, and gastritis or gastric ulcer. These patients presented with symptoms suggesting an expanding intracranial lesion with no signs of extracranial lymphomatous disease. Combined computed tomographic scans, angiography, and findings at surgery or autopsy showed that the cerebrum was the commonest site of involvement, 87% of all cases, with the frontal to temporal region being the most commonly involved. Histologically, the diffuse large-cell type was most frequent and 26% of lymphomas were of high-grade malignancy as defined by the Working Formulation. The reported frequency of high-grade CNS-NHLs in AIDS patients in the United States is much higher (over 60%). Immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections revealed a B-cell nature of the present series of tumors. In 16% of the cases, large numbers of small lymphoid cells with a positive reaction predominantly for anti-T lymphocyte antibodies surrounded the tumors or aggregated around the capillaries. The tumors which were infiltrated by small lymphoid cells showed more favorable prognosis than those which were not, suggesting a host reaction to tumor growth in these patients.

5 Nervous System and the Special Senses Riddle J T E Nervous System and the Special Senses 128pp 0-443-03938-0.

Acute suppurative otitis media, convergent strabismus, retinal detachment, cataract, head injury, epilepsy and rehabilitation following cerebrovascular accident are combined in Book 5 to cover the nervous system and the special senses.

A comparison of inbred and outbred sheep on two planes of nutrition. 4. A note on the effects on some blood constituents before and after exposures to acute cold or head

Earlier reports have shown that inbred sheep were smaller than outbreds although they grew at a similar rate (Wiener, Woolliams and Slee, 1988a), that both the effects of inbreeding and of nutrition affected cold resistance and heat tolerance (Slee, Wiener and Woolliams, 1988) and that all these factors influenced semen quality (Wiener, Woolliams and Slee, 1988b). The present report deals with a number of constituents in the blood of the same experimental animals.

Beneficial effects of the κ opioid receptor agonist U-50488H in experimental acute brain and spinal cord injury

The effects of the selective κ opioid receptor agonist U-50488H (trans-3,4-dichloro- N-methyl- N[2(pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]-benzeneacetamide) were examined in acute head and spinal injury models. First, in a blinded protocol, male CF-1 mice were treated intravenously with either saline or U-50488H (1, 3 or 10 mg/kg) within 3–5 min following a reproducible and quantifiable moderately severe (900 g/cm) concussive head injury. Using a grip test at 1 h postinjury to evaluate the neurological status of the injured mice, U-50488H produced a dose-related improvement in early recovery compared to the saline-treated mice. The effect was significant ( P < 0.05) after the 3 or 10 mg/kg i.v. doses. A similar concussive injury markedly reduced the % of cardiac output perfusing the forebrain (cerebral blood flow). U-50488H (10 and 20 mg/kg) partially reversed this effect to a significant degree 60 min after a 20 mg/kg dose. Secondly, the effects of U-50488H on the development of progressive post-traumatic spinal cord white matter ischemia after a 500 g/cm contusive injury were studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. In 4 untreated cats, there was a progressive fall in spinal cord and blood flow (SCBF) from a 10-min postinjury level of 10.5 ± 0.7 ml/100 g/min to 6.1 ± 0.3 ( P < 0.03 by paired t at 4 h). In U-50488H-treated cats (3 mg/kg i.v. 30 min before plus 1 mg/kg i.v. at 1.5 h after injury), SCBF only declined from 10.4 ± 1.4 ml/100 g/min at 10 min postinjury to 9.1 ± 0.9 at 4 h ( P < 0.3). The mean SCBF was significantly higher ( P < 0.05 by Student's t-test) at 2 and 4 h postinjury in the U-50488H-treated cats compared to the untreated animals. The results imply that κ receptor activation may be beneficial in the injured nervous system rather than deleterious as other investigators have suggested.

P-1-7 Plasma glucose values in acute stroke and head injury

P-1-7 Plasma glucose values in acute stroke and head injury

Comprehensive monitoring and computerized tomographic follow up in patients with acute severe head injury: coma-outcome correlations.

In 88 patients with acute severe head injury the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), computerized tomography and autonomic monitoring during the first 24 hours were used to characterize different types of post-traumatic brain dysfunction. A subgroup is defined--GCS 8.1--with signs of diffuse brain swelling and autonomic instability which included two cases with dorsal midbrain lesions. These preliminary results suggest that autonomic instability is a valid criterion for identifying patients suffering from diffuse axonal injury.

Modification of Experimental Head Injury Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide.

Excerpt Acute experimental head injury produced by supratentorial balloon compression of the brain was performed on 30 Rhesus monkeys to evaluate the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in relatio...