Self-actualization Research Articles

Краткая версия Шкалы аутентичности в отношениях: психометрическая проверка в российской культуре

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective</strong>. Psychometric validation of the Russian-language short version of the Authenticity in Relationships Scale (AIRS), which allows you to assess the degree of authenticity in various contexts: partners, parents, friends and colleagues. <br><strong>Background.</strong> The basis of close relationships as an absolute value for different cultures is honest self-presentation, which contributes to a person’s psychological well-being and increases satisfaction with communication. Authentic relationships include unacceptability of deception and intimate risk taking. In authentic relationships, there should be no desire to produce and maintain ideas about oneself and one’s partner that do not correspond to reality. They also imply a desire for more open, close communication, i.e., revealing one’s real self to another person. To measure this quality, the Authenticity in Relationships Scale was developed in the USA and GB, which has not yet been subjected to systematic psychometric testing, although there are no analogues to this instrument in Russia, which determined the relevance of this study. <strong>Study design.</strong> Standard psychometric validation of the methodology was carried out for each of the four contexts: partners, parents, friends, colleagues. The Cronbach coefficient alpha was analyzed on the full sample of respondents; half of the respondents’ answers were selected for exploratory factor analysis, the other half for confirmatory factor analysis. <br><strong>Participants.</strong> The study involved 449 respondents aged 18 to 60 years (10% male, 90% female; average age – 27 years (min = 17, max = 60)). The study participants are Russian–speaking citizens of the Russian Federation, representatives of different professions. <br><strong>Measurements.</strong> The main method was a short version of the Authenticity in Relationships Scale, which included 10 statements for each context. Data were collected online using the 1ka.si service. Jamovi (v. 2.3.21.0) was used for data processing. <br><strong>Results.</strong> The scale is applicable only to the context of a romantic relationship. For other contexts, the original model has not been confirmed. <br><strong>Conclusions.</strong> The methodology can be applied in research and in psychological counseling to study the authenticity level of romantic relationships. The scale's applicability to other social contexts requires further testing.</p>

Can Influencer Persona Increase the Effectiveness of Social Media Video Ads? The Mediating Effect of Consumer Perceptions of Self

Persona, a special means of image management by social media influencers (SMIs), has become a trending phenomenon and it is expected to substantially affect SMIs’ persuasiveness and ad effect. This study aims to explore the impact of SMIs’ personas constructed through personal values on the effectiveness of social media video ads. Adopting the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework, this study validates how SMIs’ personas constructed through self-enhancement values and self-transcendence values affect consumer cognitive processes and responses. Consumer behavioral intentions are used to verify the effectiveness of ads derived by SMIs. The findings reveal that influencers’ personas constructed by values can promote consumer purchase intention and forwarding intention. Consumer perceptions of self (i.e., ideal self and actual self) have a mediating role. Results also show that SMIs’ personas with self-enhancement values are more effective in stimulating female consumers’ forwarding intention, whereas personas with self-transcendence values are more influential in female consumers’ purchase intention. This study enriches the influencer marketing literature by providing a more tailored understanding of the impact of SMIs’ personas and extending the applicability of value theory. It also provides insights for stakeholders involved in influencer marketing on how to significantly capitalize on the benefits and deploy marketing campaigns.

Pseudoreality and Technology: Smartphone-Related Factors Impacting Mental Health.

This article explores the intricate relationship between smartphone usage and mental health and the unintended consequences of the rapid integration of this technology into daily life. It explores the ways in which smartphones disrupt opportunities for introspection and self-reflection, decrease engagement in external reality, increase engagement with realities of the virtual world, precipitate ego destabilization, and interfere with sleep and dreaming. The author explores ways in which the split between the real self and the ideal self is impacted by social media. The influence of smartphones on mental health is a complex and evolving issue, demanding ongoing research, understanding, and a heightened awareness of the potentially deleterious consequences of overusing technology in our ever-changing world.

Pentingnya keterbukaan dan kejujuran dalam presentasi diri: Studi eksplorasi pengguna aplikasi Tinder

Humans realize the importance of having a partner. However, the process in achieving this goal is challenging. Online dating became a medium to build romantic relationships that can be done easily through an application. The recognition process between users starts with liking each other's profiles which is assisted by an algorithmic system. So, it is important for users to present themselves properly on their profile. This study aims to see how the user's self-presentation is formed. Through a thematic analysis of the results of a questionnaire involving 383 Tinder online dating users, it was found that actual self-presentation is an important point for online dating users who emphasize aspects of honesty and openness. Differences in the motivation of online dating users do not lead to different self-presentation views between them. Moreover, the actual self in online dating profiles is displayed selectively taking into account the climate of informal interaction on Tinder.

Project-based learning as an innovative approach for overcoming tertiary EFL students' barriers to learning English and coming closer to their L2 ideal self

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the potential effect of project-based learning (PBL) in alleviating the negative psychological factors that hinder language learning in an intensive-English course at a private Lebanese university through its meaningful, student-centered, collaborative, and creative pedagogical approach and supporting students in constructing a positive self-identity as an English language learner and user.Design/methodology/approachThe L2 Motivation Self System theory describes the roles of the Ideal L2 Self, the Ought to L2 Self, and the L2 Learning Experience as the three dimensions that trigger L2 motivation, which is an important factor in achieving L2 learning outcomes. This pre- and post-test questionnaire study aims to investigate the impact of designing and implementing project-based learning as a creative pedagogical method on the L2 Learning Experience of tertiary EFL students undertaking an intensive English language course.FindingsThe paper found that such a pedagogical approach decreased students’ foreign language anxiety and positively impacted their attitudes toward L2 learning as they actively engaged in their projects in a meaningful, connected, and creative manner. This paper concludes that the adopted innovative pedagogical approach created an L2 language learning experience for EFL students to move closer from their actual self to their potential or imagined Ideal L2 Self as they embraced their creative self, social self, and risk-taking self within the frame of identity negotiation and construction. Findings from this study map to the wider literature on L2 language acquisition and foreign language learning.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, this research contributed to the existing body of literature on L2 education from a nuanced lens that maps students’ motivation, engagement, characteristics, and psychology to their identity as L2 learners to make their learning journeys more rewarding, productive, and connected.Practical implicationsPractically, this study showcases how the implementation of the PBL approach in a creative and aligned manner can positively impact students’ attitudes toward English teaching and learning, making novel reading a more engaging task that prompts students’ creativity, critical thinking, and risk-taking while facilitating the negotiation and construction of their identity as L2 learners and users. Additionally, the implementation of such creative pedagogical approaches prompts on an educational policy level the shift from the traditional ways of English teaching and learning to a more student-centered, engaging and connected state, creating a set of exemplars for EFL and ESL instructors to use to ensure that L2 learners connect to their own experiences and develop a range of transferrable skills while acquiring language capabilities.Originality/valueThis paper concludes that the adopted innovative pedagogical approach served as a channel for EFL students to move closer from their actual self to their potential or imagined Ideal L2 Self as they embraced their creative self, social self, and risk-taking self within the frame of identity negotiation and construction. Findings from this study map to the wider literature on L2 language acquisition and foreign language learning.

Rabindranath Tagore: A Tale of a Humanist

Rabindranath Tagore is beyond an artist or a poet, who through his creative thinking and writing has given a new meaning of human life and existence. His urge towards freedom is to go beyond the narrow boundaries of religious affiliations, caste, creed, etc. and to love the fellow humans. It is the love for each other which is reflected as the passion for God. On the one hand, he acknowledged and appreciated Western thoughts and ideas, whereas on the other hand he becomes strongly critical about the Western perspective on the fragmentalization of nation-state in reference to identity and social existence. The logic of hierarchization of society, technologization of human spirit is something that bothered him the most. He emphasized on free will and freedom of human beings through coexistence and mutual respect that would give the ideal space of a nation to grow. It cannot be something which is external, coercive or imposed; rather the feeling of Nationalism has to be within, which is only possible through realization of self and the appreciation of the others. In Spite of his love for Gandhi and his practices of life, he chose to differ from him in the ways of attaining freedom from the Britishers. He believed that boycotting western products could not liberate the Indians, as the Indians themselves could liberate themselves from servocracy and aristocracy.

The Self in Action: Narrating Agentic Moments

The Self in Action: Narrating Agentic Moments

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FATHER INVOLVEMENT WITH LIFE SATISFACTION IN ADOLESCENTS IN WEST SUMATRA

This study aims to determine the relationship between father involvement and life satisfaction in adolescents in West Sumatra. Life satisfaction is psychological well-being or satisfaction with life as a whole (Santrock, 2012). In addition, according to Argyle (2001) life satisfaction is also subjective well-being because it is subjective according to the individual's assessment. Individual assessment of life satisfaction according to Diener, Oishi, Lucas, and Suh (1999) can be assessed based on Abraham Maslow's theory of need satisfaction, namely physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. If these five needs can be met properly, individuals will get life satisfaction. Meanwhile, father involvement is parenting by involving fathers in interactions with children through relaxing activities, playing together and teaching something and being responsible for their role in conceptualizing parenting for children. This study uses quantitative methods with a correlational quantitative research design. The population in this study were adolescents in West Sumatra with a total sample of 361 adolescents. data collection tools using life satisfaction scales and father involvement, data analysis using product moment correlation. The results of this study indicate a positive relationship between life satisfaction and father involvement in adolescents in West Sumatra (r = 0.298: p = 0.00).

THE PARADOXICAL NATURE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE COMPANY: A THEORETICAL FOUNDATION AND KEY CONCEPTS

Organizational Change Management (OCM) is a crucial and really important process for companies that seek to adapt and succeed in a modern and dynamic world. However, despite the importance of Organizational Change Management and the numerous models and frameworks available, a significant proportion of change initiatives fail to achieve their desirable results. This problem instantly emphasizes the need for fresh ideas and innovative ways to address the complexities of organizational change in the modern world. First of all, this article explores the paradoxical theory of change as an alternative for better understanding and more efficient management of change that will be useful for various organizations. It reviews the theoretical foundations of this approach, rooted in Gestalt therapy and other relevant literature. Apart from that, the publication defines key concepts such as polarities and tensions, explaining how these seemingly contradictory forces are natural and necessary elements of dynamic systems. By embracing these tensions, organizations can foster adaptability, drive innovation, and enhance resilience. Secondly, the article also considers the concepts of the Real and Ideal Self in the context of organizational change, displaying how these two states' tensions can be a source of resistance or motivation. Understanding and managing these tensions is unarguably crucial for utilizing them as sources of energy and creativity, ultimately leading to more organizational transformations that would be more successful. What is more, this article provides practical insights on how to apply the paradoxical theory to some of the real-life situations. This shows the importance of balancing stability and change, autonomy and control, and exploration and exploitation in business corporations. Taking everything into consideration, by adopting these paradoxical components, organizations can create a holistic and more effective approach to change management, achieving lasting success and sustainability in the modern ever-evolving environment, which is vital for modern and successful business.

Islamic banking adoption: invoking the congruity paradigm

Purpose This study aims to explore whether customers’ perceived congruity between their self-concept and the brand personality of the Islamic banking system determines their intention to adopt Islamic banking services. Design/methodology/approach The authors use primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from 375 Malaysian bank customers. The scales were tested for psychometric soundness before the final data analysis. The authors examined the hypothesized linkages in the AMOS software package through structural equation modeling. Findings Customers’ actual self, ideal self and social self-congruity significantly predict their intention to adopt Islamic banking. However, the impact of actual self-congruity on Islamic banking adoption is stronger for publicly self-conscious customers. In contrast, public self-consciousness dampens the effect of ideal and social self-congruity on Islamic banking adoption. Originality/value Digressing from the conventional utilitarian position, this study offers a novel contribution to the Islamic banking literature by presenting an identity perspective of the determinants of Islamic banking adoption. The primary highlight of this study is the deployment of the congruity theory to emphasize the role of the customer’s self-concept in explaining her intention to adopt Islamic banking services.

Thermodynamics of a confined macromolecule: An analytical approach

We consider a fully directed self-avoiding walk model on a cubic lattice to mimic the conformations of an infinitely long flexible polymer chain and also to mimic confirmations of a short flexible chain under confined conditions. The confinement conditions is achieved using two parallel impenetrable plates. The confined chain is under good solvent conditions and we revisit this problem to solve the real (self avoiding) polymer's model for any length of the chain and also for any given separation in between the confining plates. The equilibrium statistics of the confined polymer chain are derived using analytical approach of the generating function technique. The force of the confinement, the surface tension and the monomer density profile of the confined chain are obtained analytically. We propose that the methods of calculation are suitable to understand thermodynamics of an arbitrary length confined polymer chain under other possible conditions of the confinement.

PZT based dual energy harvester using chemical solution deposition technique

The present finding reports the state-of-art thin film based dual energy harvester which can harvest both mechanical as well as magnetic energies. Dual energy harvester is realised with the help of Lead Zirconium Titanate (PZT) thin film and nickel (Ni) foil. Ferroelectric PZT has been grown with the help of chemical solution deposition technique under optimised conditions on Nickel cantilevers. The effect of damping mass on the resonating frequency of the PZT-60/Ni dual cantilever has been studied. The maximum power and voltage generated by dual energy harvester at the matching load impedance of 100 kΩ under resonance condition were about 117 × 102 mW/m3 and 52 mV respectively corresponding to an applied acceleration of 1.0 g. A change of about 0.5 mV/Oe voltage was achieved for PZT-60/Ni cantilever in the presence of magnetic field. The dual energy harvester prepared with the help of chemical solution technique is found to have profound response and hence enables the realization of self powered electronic devices by scavenging an ambient magnetic and mechanical energies for various wireless electronic applications ranging from medical implant to health monitoring areas.

The pursuit of the ideal self: An investigation of the relationship of authenticity and ideal self‐congruence

The pursuit of the ideal self: An investigation of the relationship of authenticity and ideal self‐congruence

Understanding Self Theory: “I” Or “Me” to Self & the Relationships of “I” & “Me” to Others from Character Sketch of Mahabharata

Purpose: Roger self theory is an important section in every organization in handling individual’s personality. Personality is a combination of behaviour, attitude emotion, perception and thought pattern that define an individual. On approach to personality emphasizes the self and it is characteristic. The research paper is an interesting blend of “I” or “Me” to self and relationships of “I” and “Me” to others to management, science and mythology. The researcher explains how self-theory to professional & psychology students with the help of characters from Mahabharata. The outcome of the research helps individual personalities to discover them as well as to understand basic individual differences. Objectives: The researchers have set the following primary objectives and the current study investigates 2 broad research questions: (1) To examine self theory from character sketch of Mahabharata (OCEAN). (2) To identify whether self-theory applies to actualizing tendency (Real Self). Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on both secondary & primary evidence. Hypotheses are stated for the various variables selected and analyzed to prove or disprove the same without any errors. Findings/Result: After analysis researchers conclude there is a fairly high degree of positive correlation between theory aspects and renewal trend. Therefore, the study concludes there is a correlation between the elements of theory and the renewal trend from Mahabharata characters to individuals with the ancient Indian texts. Research Limitations/Implications: In the present research an attempt is made by the researchers to understand the research gap in the area hence a conceptual idea is proposed and the research goes further to advance significance to discover the degree of relationship to interpret characters from Mahabharata to explain self-theory. Originality/New Knowledge/Interpretation/Value: Roger’s theory is very essential to safeguard the individual’s personality and committed himself to understanding the how attitude, behavior and perception change can come about. Thus, the researchers work aims at finding the self-theory & its impact on individual’s personality. Psychologists explain this by segregating personality into a private and public persona. Private is the ‘real’ inner person, while public is the way that the individual presents themselves to the outside world. We may be confident. Paper Type: The study is based on both secondary & primary evidence. There are many characters in the Mahabharata, with each one having self-theory. Many characters are similar but differ in their personality. However, this is not a definitive list.

Beyond Reach but Within Sight: Ethical Leaders’ Pursuit of Seemingly Unattainable Role Models in East Asia

AbstractInspired by Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism, many East Asian ethical leaders have aspired to emulate seemingly unattainable sages and buddhas throughout history. This aspiration challenges the common psychological view that significant gaps between role models and actual selves might hinder emulation motivation. It also differs from Western findings, which suggest that ethical leadership often emerges from emulating attainable exemplars like immediate supervisors or mentors. To decipher this intriguing emulation behavior in East Asia, this study employed a multiple-case approach involving 25 ethical leaders from Taiwan. Results indicate that these ethical leaders formulate three approaches to sustain emulation motivation for seemingly unattainable exemplars. First, they draw on East Asian philosophies to address demotivating factors such as ego threats and goal unattainability. Second, they embrace the cultural values of the Sinosphere, amplifying motivators like self-betterment, altruism, and life purpose. Lastly, they capitalize on the collective tendency of their culture to assimilate positive environmental influences, including societal norms and social support. These findings elucidate how and why many East Asian ethical leaders sustain buddha/sage emulation: The cultural resources of the Sinosphere nurture effective psychological strategies, underpinned by universal psychological mechanisms that suggest wider applicability across various societies.

Understanding L2 generalist teachers' motivation for teaching EFL in China's rural elementary schools

In the context of global mandates for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education, rural regions face significant hurdles in delivering high-quality language instruction. Generalist teachers in these areas often lack specialized training in EFL, yet are tasked with its instruction. Referred to as L2 generalists, these educators hold a pivotal role in EFL education. However, a notable gap exists in understanding the motivation propelling generalist teachers to undertake EFL instruction, particularly within Chinese rural primary schools, where various challenges persist. Grounded in self-discrepancy theory and possible selves theory, this study examined the way L2 generalist teachers' teaching motivation linked to their various self-concepts as well as their responses to various challenges when delivering EFL teaching in rural elementary schools in China. The study uncovered that the alignment between L2 generalist teachers' ought selves (i.e., the selves that they believe they should be) and ideal selves (i.e., the selves they aspire to become) acted as motivating factors, guiding their active involvement in EFL teaching. However, challenges such as a lack of professionalization and high contextual expectations led to a discrepancy between their actual selves (i.e., the selves they perceive themselves to currently be) and their ought/ideal selves, diminishing their teaching motivation. Furthermore, the presence of ambiguous and conflicting school policies further complicated matters, confusing generalist teachers and eroding their motivation for teaching. Despite experiencing a decline in motivation for EFL teaching, their commitment to their students fostered consistency between their ideal and ought selves, inspiring them to innovate pedagogical strategies within their capabilities. The study's findings hold significance for policymakers and teacher educators, highlighting the necessity of implementing strategies to enhance the professional growth of rural L2 generalist teachers.

Mixed selectivity in monkey anterior intraparietal area during visual and motor processes

Classical studies suggest that the anterior intraparietal area (AIP) contributes to the encoding of specific information such as objects and actions of self and others, through a variety of neuronal classes, such as canonical, motor and mirror neurons. However, these studies typically focused on a single variable, leaving it unclear whether distinct sets of AIP neurons encode a single or multiple sources of information and how multimodal coding emerges. Here, we chronically recorded monkey AIP neurons in a variety of tasks and conditions classically employed in separate experiments. Most cells exhibited mixed selectivity for observed objects, executed actions, and observed actions, enhanced when this information came from the monkey’s peripersonal working space. In contrast with the classical view, our findings indicate that multimodal coding emerges in AIP from partially-mixed selectivity of individual neurons for a variety of information relevant for planning actions directed to both physical objects and other subjects.

Analyzing Sartrean Inter-subjectivity and Concept of the Look in Macbeth

Shakespeare and Sartre have a specific bond in that the Bard has portrayed the kind of tragic characters that can be the embodiment or conceptualization of existential notions. The present research intends to investigate the relations of two consciousness or Sartrean inter-subjectivity as depicted in the tragedy of Macbeth and between its tragic heroes and others. Others have a great impact on Macbeth's consciousness and his process of self-formation. When he chooses to commit murder, he attempts to conceal his crimes from others to shun from the heavy sense of shame and self-disgust (guilt) created through what Sartre calls the Concept of the Look and its alienating effect upon the individual. Macbeth's social self (being-for-others) which is portrayed in his outward relations with others is in stark contrast with his subjective self (being-for-itself) which is displayed in his myriad reflections in his soliloquies and asides. The Macbeths assume a mask to conceal their real self from others' consciousness. This article first explains the concepts of inter-subjectivity and the Look in Sartre's philosophy, and then it discusses the same notions in the context of Shakespeare's Macbeth.

THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE LIPETSK CITY DISTRICT)

Background. At the present stage of the development of municipal government, there is an intensive introduction of digital tools that provide solutions to issues of local importance. It seems relevant to generalize the experience of large cities in informatization of the activities of local governments, the dissemination of best practices, and the search for solutions to the problems of digital modernization of municipalities. Materials and methods. The purpose of this article is to study the current practice of using information technology in municipal education management. The empirical basis of the study is the management activities of local self–government bodies of the Lipetsk city district, the administrative center of the Lipetsk region. Traditional theoretical and empirical methods of studying social processes in municipal management are used. Results. It was established that the Lipetsk city administration was able to both adapt the all-Russian electronic platforms and start developing and implementing its own information resources into municipal management. It is concluded that it is advisable to carry out additional explanatory work with the population in the interests of more effective interaction with local governments in the provision of municipal services and solving issues of local importance. Conclusion. The results of the study can be used in the professional activities of municipal employees.

Dynamics and Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility Authenticity

Authentic corporate social responsibility (CSR), defined as the belief that a company's CSR initiatives are an honest reflection of its "real self," has received little attention in the literature on micro-CSR and management. Establishing views of genuine CSR among workers is undoubtedly crucial for firms to fully reap the advantages of CSR, especially in a climate when charges of corporate greenwashing abound and cynicism about social responsibility initiatives is rampant. Using attribution theory as a framework, we investigate two possible reasons for engaging in CSR—strategic-driven and values-driven—to see how workers view the legitimacy of such efforts. Along these lines,weanalyze how genuine CSR impacts workers' faith in the company and their perceptions of organizational support. Finally, we use a social exchange theory framework to look at how CSR authenticity mediates the connection between how people perceive the organization's motives and two major outcomes, how people perceive the organization's support and trust, and how these outcomes impact how employees feel about the organization and how they act as citizens. According to my findings, workers' views of CSR authenticity are influenced by values-driven reasons. Moreover, these authenticity perceptions play a mediating role in the link between values-driven motives and perceived corporate support and trust. Employees' views of CSR authenticity and sentiments of perceived corporate support are two channels by which values-driven motivations favorably impact organizational citizenship activities, according to further study.