Actual Workers Research Articles

La influencia de la cultura tributaria de los trabajadores en la declaración anual del Impuesto Sobre la Renta en México

The aim of the article is to explain the influence that exists on the level of tax culture with respect to obtaining a tax benefit derived from filing the annual tax income statement of workers in Mexico during 2022. It is a mixed investigation of explanatory scope and transversal cut whose variables were tax culture and tax benefit. It was found that attitudes, values ​​and beliefs that are part of the tax culture are more deeply rooted in workers who did file their annual income tax declaration. Likewise, there is a direct relationship between the tax culture and the fiscal benefit in tax returns, since the knowledge of personal and authorized deductions that the worker can make, as well as the voluntary filing for the annual income tax statement represents the actual worker's contributory capacity.

Effects of a back-assist exosuit in lab-based approximations of construction tasks performed by novices and experienced construction workers

Passive back-assist exosuits may be beneficial for construction workers, but few evaluations have been conducted with actual workers and construction-relevant tasks. This paper presents a laboratory study of the HeroWear Apex exosuit with 35 participants: 15 with significant construction experience and 20 without it. Participants completed several approximations of brief construction tasks (lifting, carrying, raising boards) and three 3-min tasks (hunched standing, kneeling, hunched walking with a nail gun) with and without the exosuit. During brief tasks, erector spinae electromyograms were reduced in all tasks (Cohen’s d up to −0.58), kinematics suggested load shifting from the back to the legs, and the exosuit was perceived as helpful. During 3-min tasks, the exosuit was perceived as helpful in all tasks, but only reduced erector spinae electromyograms during kneeling. Thus, the exosuit may benefit workers during several construction-related tasks, though objective benefits could not be shown in 3-min standing or walking.

Implementasi kebijakan disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Kabupaten Minahasa

The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of Civil Servant Discipline Policy in Minahasa Regency based on Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021 concerning Civil Servant Discipline. The research location is the Minahasa Regency Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Service. This research uses a qualitative method. The research results show that the work discipline of civil servants in the Minahasa Regency Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Service isn't yet ideal since there are still representatives who disregard the standards as per the appropriate arrangements in regards to limits on beginning and leaving available time. There are still employees who do not comprehend the Job Description in light of the Main Duties and Functions, they put off doing the work that is assigned to them, and their supervisors do not discipline them. Factors that ruin government employee discipline are administration endlessly factors from the actual workers as representative quality and mindset and absence of socialization of the execution of these administration guidelines.

플랫폼 종사자의 근로자성 국내외 판단사례 연구

This study aims to examine domestic and international cases regarding the labor status of platform workers and explore policy implications for Korea. Recently, the number of platform workers has significantly increased due to technological advancements. Unlike traditional dependent labor, identifying the actual labor provision relationship of platform workers is challenging. Recognizing the worker status of platform workers is also difficult because they often provide forms of labor that do not meet traditional indicators of worker status. In particular, some users tend to misclassify actual workers as independent contractors to avoid the application of labor laws. There is a need to improve the system to protect platform workers who provide labor for others but are not currently protected by the law. Recently, courts in the United States and other countries have acknowledged the worker status of platform workers. It appears that countries recognize the need for legal protection of platform workers and are strengthening protection by introducing flexibility in determining worker status. In the United States, the California Supreme Court, in the Dynamex case, proposed the ʻABC testʼ as a new standard for determining worker status. The ABC test shifts the burden of proof in worker status cases to the employer, requiring them to prove that (A) the laborer is completely free from the employerʼs direction and supervision, both contractually and in practice, in the performance of the work; (B) the work is outside the ordinary course of the employerʼs business; and (C) the laborer is truly self-employed with a separate and independent business in the same field. The California Supreme Court has made it clear that if the employer cannot prove elements A, B, and C, the labor provider is considered an employee, potentially enhancing protections for platform workers. In Korea, the recent ruling by the Seoul High Court in 2023, recognizing the worker status of platform workers (Tada drivers), has garnered significant attention. Beyond the importance of this ruling for the protection of platform workers, failure to develop Koreaʼs worker concept jurisprudence in a more inclusive direction may render labor laws inadequate in safeguarding various new forms of platform labor and those who provide labor through artificial intelligence and algorithms. Indicators for worker determination and measures for protecting labor providers need to evolve to encompass various forms of labor provision, including platform labor. In this regard, it is noteworthy that courts worldwide are increasingly interpreting the worker test to extend protection to platform workers as recognized workers. While the Korean government is actively working to protect platform workers, there is an urgent need for legal protection for the growing number of platform workers. It is essential to study, review, and improve the system by drawing insights from foreign court cases to ensure comprehensive protection for platform workers.

Structural Optimization of Metallic Toroid using Finite Element Method

This research paper has used a three-dimensional approach that combines Finite Element Analysis, the famous three-factor Design of Experiments by Taguchi, with the third dimension. An idea to optimize a Lithium (Li) and Lead (Pb) based Toroid is presented as they are known hazardous materials. The approach emphasized generating different run orders by a parametric variation of outer diameter, thickness, and base metal on the minimum and maximum specifications. Based on the Design of Experiments, the calculated run orders were modelled and simulated under the specified loading conditions to select the best combination of parameters. The analytical stresses generated in the combinations were compared with the numerical counterparts for model validation. On-Mises stress and deformation results from the simulation were analyzed to select the optimized design of Toroid structure and the final shape was modelled accordingly. The analytical and numerical stresses also showed good agreement with each other, supporting the validity of the presented approach. The method effectively models such specimens before fabrication, so that all material and geometric aspects can be finalized before risking physical contact with the actual worker.

Effects of the Auxivo CarrySuit occupational exoskeleton when carrying front and side loads on a treadmill

Low-cost exoskeletons can effectively support workers in physically demanding jobs, but most such exoskeletons have been developed to support repetitive lifting or uncomfortable static postures. Very few low-cost exoskeletons have been designed to support walking while carrying heavy objects, which would be beneficial for jobs such as moving furniture and warehouse work. This paper thus presents a single-session lab evaluation of the Auxivo CarrySuit, a low-cost upper-body exoskeleton designed for carrying objects that would normally be held with the arms. Twenty participants carried four loads (box or two bags, 20 or 40 lb total weight) for 2 min each on a treadmill with and without the CarrySuit. Across all loads, the CarrySuit significantly reduced the mean electromyogram of the middle trapezius (partial eta-squared = 0.74 – from 16.1% to 8.8% of maximum voluntary contraction value) and anterior deltoid (partial eta-squared = 0.26 – from 3.0% to 1.1% of maximum voluntary contraction value) with no corresponding increase in lower back muscle activation. Furthermore, maximum heart rate and Ratings of Perceived Exertion were also reduced by the CarrySuit, and discomfort was shifted from the upper body to the legs. While arm EMG was not measured, it is likely that it was also reduced due to the unloading of the arms. The CarrySuit can thus be considered beneficial in the short term, though longer-term evaluations with actual workers are needed to determine practical benefits.

1980년대 노동소설의 대중성 연구

This study focuses on popularity as a condition of working class literature in the 1980s. The popularity of working class literature is a component that constitutes the subjectivity of the working class and a methodology of literary practice that allows the ideology of class to be accepted in the daily life. In order to analyze this, the junction of 1987 should be noted. This is because the essence of working class literature in the 1980s will be revealed only when the period around 1987 is understood to mean change and response, not disconnection.
 Yi Taek-ju’s An old worker’s song and Ahn Jae-sung’s The strike are the main texts of this study. The two works are differentiated in the way they constitute the subjectivity of workers. While Yi Taek-ju’s work reproduced the labor movement in the 1980s based on its historicity from the 1970s, The strike set the direction of the ideology of reflection and overcoming. Ahn Jae-sung tried to practice the ideology of a worker as a class by putting politics at the forefront. In addition, solidarity with ‘Hakchul’(student-turned laborers) is presented as a practical method. However, the possibility of solidarity is also possible through solidarity or expansion at the daily life’s level experienced by workers. This possibility is read as an aspect of the popularity of working class literature.
 Popularity planning is developed in a way that pursues homogeneity at various levels. The inner world of emotion is the most realistic experience world experienced by actual workers, and the sense of reality formed through it is an important element of the inner completeness of labor novels as literature. In addition, the inner reality is closely related to the working class’s knowledge system, that is, “The Working class Literacy”. Workers produced working class knowledge that would be used effectively in Korean society in the 1980s through daily experience and inner life. Working class literature showed the reason for the popularity of working class literature by reproducing the scene in which literacy is produced to meet the needs of the times through defects with various surrounding popular art styles.

Secure Location Privacy Transmitting Information on Cellular Networks

As smartphones incorporate location data, there is a growing concern about location privacy as smartphone technologies advance. Using a remote server, the mobile applications are able to capture the current location coordinates at any time and store them. The client awards authorization to an outsider. The outsider can gain admittance to area information on the worker by JSON Web Token (JWT). Protection is giving cover to clients, access control, and secure information stockpiling. Encryption guarantees the security of the location area on the remote server using the Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) algorithm. This paper introduced two utilizations of cell phones (tokens, and location). The principal application can give area information by means of the geographic position method of these gadgets. Every cell phone can create a token. The token holds secret keys got from versatile fixed identifiers for the most part of the Social Security Number (SSN) for each SIM (Endorser Personality Module) Chronic Number) and IMEI (Global Portable Hardware Character) by RSA calculation. The token is going through the short and informative administration of Short Message Service (SMS) from the client to the outsider. Information is scrambled before being stored on a faraway worker. The actual worker can't comprehend the area’s information. The third-party cannot follow the area if the client utilizes distinctive mystery keys. The client’s data and area information are saved by the various workers. The proposed application offers a mysterious sharing instrument that uses token verification to grant clients access to scrambled area data and provides encryption data in a remote server with an authentication token, achieving mutual authentication on each mobile device and user concealment.

The Impact of Age on User Performance: A Field Experiment

ABSTRACT This study investigates whether there are performance and self-efficacy differences between users based on their age when performing complex information technology tasks. This experimental study seeks to validate some research from cognitive science, which indicates that individuals exhibit a significant decrease in cognitive function in their late 20s and early 30s. A field experiment was created to compare how business professionals perform a series of related BI tasks of varying difficulty on laptops and tablet computers while working at their company sites. Results showed that subjects under 30 had statistically significant higher accuracy as measured by total correct, spent significantly less time in completing all tasks and had significantly higher levels of self-efficacy as measured by confidence. This is the first study to investigate whether there is an age performance gap in completing complex IT tasks on different computing devices using a controlled experiment with actual workers as the subjects.

How Personality Impacts Remote Workers in Mainland China: A Qualitative Study

The present study identifies and discusses the impact of personality factors on remote workers in China, using a phenomenological methodology to understand participants' lived experiences. The sample population is comprised of Chinese citizens born in China. Data were collected through one-on-one, online semi-structured interviews using WeChat. The interview questions are structured to allow participants to explain personality traits found in productive and unproductive remote workers. In addition, the questions explore traits positively associated with developing trust and how the psychological needs of autonomy, competency, and relatedness impact remote workers. After data collection, the data were analyzed and coded to develop themes used to answer the core research questions. This study’s findings offer benefits to companies using remote workers and employees new to remote work or those aiming to become remote workers since the data collected provides a holistic picture of remote work from actual workers' perspective. The information gathered from the research participants allowed the researcher to determine that one of the most beneficial aspects of remote work is autonomy and the ability to set one's schedule. Confidence directly impacts feelings of competency among remote workers, and relatedness is negatively impacted by being a remote worker because of decreased opportunities for face-to-face interactions.

Does the impact of the family increase or decrease over the life course? Sibling similarities in occupational status across different career points

In this study, we examine how the influence of the family on occupational success fluctuates when studying different points across individuals’ lives (i.e., from career entry to midlife). Resource theories propose that individuals with more parental resources will continue to profit as they get to later life-stages, increasing their advantage over others. In contrast, signaling theories predict that parental resources will lose their importance when children advance in their career, since employers will increasingly select on actual worker productivity, not social background. To shed some light on these theories, we use data from the German Socioeconomic Panel Survey (SOEP). Multilevel SEM sibling models are applied in which individuals (N = 12,443) are nested in families (N = 7,766). These models assess the extent to which siblings are similar with respect to occupational status as opposed to individuals to which they are not related, enabling the estimation of a broad measure of family and community effects. We divide this broad measure into direct impact and indirect impact via education. Our results indicate that the indirect family impact increases after the child’s career entry up to the ages 30 and 35, stabilizing thereafter. The direct effect shows a similar yet more stable pattern, as the effect as well as the variations with age are much smaller. Finally, the proportion of family-level variance explained by measured family indicators increases over the life-course.

Application of 3D Simulation Technology in Construction Process of Building Equipment Pipeline

With the continuous development of economy, people’s demand for life is also increasing. Building equipment pipeline engineering should not only show artistic appreciation and practical ability, but also show economic and environmental protection and building safety. In the pipeline engineering of construction equipment pipeline construction, whether from the construction efficiency, construction quality or performance, 3D simulation technology has immeasurable role and far-reaching practical significance, and also has the intuitive nature of construction projects. In the construction equipment pipeline engineering, the problem of insufficient space gap and pipeline crossing is the most common problem in the construction equipment pipeline design industry and the actual workers in the construction. Using three-dimensional simulation technology, we can establish a relatively complete three-dimensional model of building pipeline information, and timely find the unreasonable actual situation and disadvantages in the process of building implementation. This cost can be cancelled before the actual construction, saving money, improving efficiency and shortening the construction period. With the continuous development of construction, the requirements of construction enterprises for construction efficiency have been improved, and the requirements of construction units for project quality and appearance have also been improved. In such a big environment, we put forward more requirements for the construction of building pipeline system. In order to better develop and adapt to the requirements of the times, the construction units of building pipeline should increase the application and promotion of new technologies, and use all kinds of new technologies to improve their production efficiency and quality. This article uses ICP algorithm and 3D map matching algorithm to study a series of construction equipment in the construction process of all possible profiles. In this paper, combined with the current situation of building pipeline design and construction, the application of three-dimensional simulation technology in the construction process of building equipment pipeline is described. This paper analyzes the advantages of 3D simulation technology, and deeply understands the practical application and real situation of 3D simulation software technology in the construction process of building equipment pipeline.

Modern Slavery and Global Supply Chains: Agency and Psychological Distance

Corporate requirements for modern slavery-type risks in global supply chains, have gained increased attention in recent years. Limited research however has sought to address the context-relevant implications of the contractual mechanisms used to distribute and 'enforce' such requirements. In particular, the socio-economic and cultural factors that underpin and facilitate modern slavery and how these inform supplier and worker choices, have not been addressed by prior SCM scholarship. Ensuring suppliers meet modern slavery requirements, in ways that create legitimate change in the sub-tier environment, remains a complex problem that remains unresolved. For modern slavery type exploitation, the suppliers most at risk of violation exist in the sub-tiers, and in operating environments culturally removed from western-headquartered ideologies. We interviewed 36 executive level Purchasing Directors, from medium to large size firms with headquarters in Australia, the US and Finland. We employed agency and construal level theories to frame our analysis. Overall, several themes emerged regarding the limitations of the principal-agent relationship to address modern slavery risks at a supply chain scale, that reflect significant social, hypothetical and spatial psychological distance between principals, and agents. Importantly, our research drew out a range of significant themes surrounding the conflicts purchasing executives face when attempting to align western policy with complex global operating conditions, and the actual workers they seek to support. Our study sheds light on the challenges of agency theory and highlights the complexity of operationalizing modern slavery type requirements in global supply chains.

ТРУДОВОЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ СЕЛА РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

The article analyzes individual social and economic problems of the village, the presence of agricultural organizations, the number and level of professional education, the age composition of specialists and managers, machine operators and livestock breeders. For the first time, the human development of the village of the Republic of Tatarstan is considered, as well as the trends in solving the difficulties encountered in the agricultural sector. The agricultural sector of the Republic of Tatarstan accounts for over 14% of the gross social product and the same national income of the Republic of Tatarstan. The resource potential created in the agro-industrial complex between the individual regions is distributed extremely unevenly. More sharp contrasts are observed in the material and technical provision of agriculture in certain regions, in the availability of land and labor resources, in the qualitative state of the available human potential, in the level of its use, in the social development of the village. Of the actual workers aged 30 to 60 years, pre-retirement contingent prevails. Workers under the age of 40 are generally not satisfied with working conditions, wages and rural infrastructure. The leadership of the republic, the Ministry of Agriculture, financial organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan need to make additional efforts to fully provide highly qualified specialists of agricultural organizations, social and economic conditions, and infrastructure. The use of highly efficient equipment, new technologies will increase the productivity of machine operators, reduce the timing of field work, and in livestock can optimize their number. An analysis of the availability, age and educational level of agricultural workers, the introduction of new technologies will make it possible to forecast a decrease of at least 3% in the number of labor resources in agricultural enterprises over 3-5 years. Agricultural enterprises should introduce deep processing of grain, meat, milk and other raw materials, having united in cooperatives. To ensure the economic growth of the agro-industrial complex, certain investments are necessary in order to form highly productive human capital. Only in such conditions can a return on investment be achieved.

How to Predict Seawater Temperature for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture (Student Abstract)

The increasing global demand for marine products has turned attention to marine aquaculture. In marine aquaculture, appropriate environment control is important for a stable supply. The influence of seawater temperature on this environment is significant and accurate prediction is therefore required. In this paper, we propose and describe the implementation of a seawater prediction method using data acquired from real aquaculture areas and neural networks. Our evaluation experiment showed that hourly next-day prediction has an average error of about 0.2 to 0.4 ◦C and daily prediction of up to one week has an average error of about 0.2 to 0.5 ◦C. This is enough to meet actual worker need, which is within 1 ◦C error, thus confirming that our seawater prediction method is suitable for actual sites.

Multibody Models for the Analysis of a Fall From Height: Accident, Suicide, or Murder?

The final subject position is often the only evidence in the case of the fall of a human being from a given height. Foreseeing the body trajectory and the respective driving force may not be trivial due to the possibility of rotations and to an unknown initial position and momentum of the subject. This article illustrates how multibody models can be used for this aim, with specific reference to an actual case, where a worker fell into a stair well, prior to stair mounting, and he was found in an unexpected posture. The aim of the analysis was establishing if this worker was dead in that same place, if he had been pushed, and which was his initial position. A multibody model of the subject has been built (“numerical android”), given his stature and his known mass. Multiple simulations have been performed, following a design of experiments where various initial positions and velocity as well as pushing forces have been considered, while the objective function to be minimized was the deviation of the numerical android position from the actual worker position. At the end of the analysis, it was possible to point how a very limited set of conditions, all including the application of an external pushing force (or initial speed), could produce the given final posture with an error on the distance function equal to 0.39 m. The full analysis gives a demonstration of the potentiality of multibody models as a tool for the analysis of falls in forensic inquiries.

Multitasking Incentives and the Informative Value of Subjective Performance Evaluations

Using personnel records from a car sales company, this study shows that subjective performance evaluations of sales representatives are less sensitive to objectively measured sales in the presence of hard-to-measure, non-sales tasks. Findings confirm that supervisors use the evaluations to incentivize employees to pursue these tasks, such as mentoring junior representatives and building long-term customer relationships. The authors show that subjective evaluations predict future sales, suggesting that the evaluations have informative content related to actual worker performance. The authors find that the response of workers who receive lower-than-expected evaluations differs by supervisor experience: Those who are evaluated by inexperienced supervisors quit more often, whereas those who are evaluated by experienced supervisors respond with lower sales in the next period, even though distribution of evaluations does not vary by supervisor experience. Results are consistent with the interpretation that experienced supervisors are better able to communicate with workers to induce desired behavior.

Modeling Lifetime Earnings Paths: Hypothetical versus Actual Workers

To assess the distributional effects of social security reform proposals, it is essential to have good information on real-world workers' lifetime earnings trajectories. Until recently, however, policymakers have relied on hypothetical earnings profiles for policy analysis. We use actual lifetime earnings data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to compare actual workers' covered earnings profiles to these hypothetical profiles. We show that the hypothetical profiles do not track earnings patterns of current retirees; thus lifetime pay levels are much higher than for most HRS workers. Therefore, using hypothetical profiles could misrepresent benefits paid and taxes collected under such reforms.

THE CONCEPT OF MOTIVATION AND MANAGER'S APPROACH TOWARDS IT

In the current state of play concerning economic development towards the success of the enterprise, decisive factors are the employers with high potential and dedication to the enterprise. To achieve this goal, to a large extent affects the compilation of a motivational platform that will serve as a stimulating structure of human resources at the enterprise. The motivation concept besides achieving the goals of the employer, should also be combined with a balance between work and life (work-life-balance). Motivation can include one or more goals, such as preserving and increasing the commitment of actual workers, their strengthening links with the existing enterprise and higher commitment to new workers. The motivation plan should have a timetable and a planned cost. The purpose of a motivation system that should be part of the management concept, that will increase job satisfaction and which would result in motivation of workers and all this should encompass assessment system with the aim of developing the systematic motivation.The paper contains a brief summary of the motivational issues and will focus on the applicable aspects of employees’ motivation at targeted enterprises. Moreover, the main purpose of the paper is to analyse the current state of the managers motivational concept and their assessment on the impact of motivational instruments on human resources management. To prepare this paper, human resource management literature was studied, with special emphasis on motivation. Empirical research was conducted through surveys during last year’s period involving enterprises that have more than eight employees in the surroundings Municipality of Gostivar.

Beyond Separate Spheres

Beyond Separate Spheres