Actual Technical Condition Research Articles

MODEL AND METHODS OF MANAGEMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF USE OF PRODUCTION AND TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ROLLING STOCK OF RAIL TRANSPORT

The article considers the problems management of efficiency of use of production and technological potential of rolling stock of rail transport. It is investigated that to improve the efficiency of functioning requires a comprehensive solution of many problems, with the rational use of labor, material and labor resources. A set of many tasks aimed at improving and ensuring the level of efficiency of rail transport facilities and systems is considered. It is investigated that in order to achieve the required level of efficiency of rolling stock operation it is necessary to improve the management process by system model of the set of problems of efficiency of use of production and technological potential of work of rail transport.As a result of solving the problema mathematical model of the set of problems was proposed, which became the basis for building a system model of the set of problems. The decomposition method and AllFusion Process Modeler software were used to build the system model. The paper considers the task of ensuring the required level of efficiency in the use of production and technological potential of rolling stock and the proposed ways to solve it. There is also a comprehensive review of objects, systems and processes, which involves their identification, providing a formalized description. On the basis of which a model and method of diagnosis were proposed, which inopen the possibility of interaction between the management of the subsystem of diagnostics and planning of work of objects and systems of rolling stock on the basis of the actual technical condition. The solution in this way will increase the indicators of the main aspects of production and technological potential, which is the purpose of this work.

DIGITAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

This article examines the process models of business processes of gas distribution stations (GDS), which would be a symbiosis of digital twins and artificial intelligence. The basis of the system could be a mathematical model of the plant, taking into account the operating parameters, which is able to determine the response of the equipment to various operating loads and predict the periods of trouble-free operation. The system could also provide for methods of simulation of physical processes to determine the optimal operating modes and boundary conditions for their operation.
 Reengineering means that we are moving to the operation of the main GDS equipment according to the actual technical condition, and not according to the operating time, as is happening now.

Разработка программы для ЭВМ «TimeРесурс»

This paper considers the creation of a computer program. This computer program enables to organize the maintenance run-time prediction procedure of the ship’s power equipment on the actual technical state. The paper presents the program interface, as well as the developed software calculation algorithm.

A holistic risk-based maintenance methodology for transmission overhead lines using tower specific health indices and value of loss load

European transmission system operators are facing challenging times in the next decade as majority of their transmission overhead lines are reaching the end of their projected lifetime. Traditional maintenance approaches would generate a significant wave of replacements that could be dispersed or postponed with more advanced decision-making methodologies. This paper presents a holistic risk-based maintenance decision-making methodology for transmission overhead lines and its practical implementation. The framework is refined with anomaly detection and health index prediction models that use machine learning algorithms to improve the input data quality. Asset health indices are used to determine the actual technical condition of each transmission overhead line tower separately and to calculate the probability of failure for each asset using survival analysis. The proposed methodology takes into the account transmission grid specific features where usually a failure in a meshed networks will not cause an electricity outage for customers and therefore a novel value of lost load approach is proposed. This paper also presents a case study based on Estonian transmission system where the proposed methodology enables to minimize risks in more cost-effective manner compared to traditional approaches and highlights the most critical elements in the grid.

METHOD OF RELIABILITY IMPROVEMENT OF AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES CONTROL EQUIPMENT

The article analyzes the current state of the fleet of guided air means of destruction (missiles), the problems of repair and extension of the resource. The article substantiates the need for the transition of guided air missile of the "air-to-surface" class to operation according to the technical condition. The shortcomings of the existing inspection system for the technical condition of guided air weapon are shown. For the existing inspection system of technical operation of guided air weapon, one of the areas that will solve the problem of maintaining the combat readiness of aircraft is the transition to the operation of guided air weapon in technical condition.
 It is shown that the transition of guided air missiles to operation according to the technical condition and modernization of unguided air missiles involves strengthening the role of operations to measure and control their parameters and characteristics in order to determine the actual technical condition and make informed decisions about their further operation.
 Peculiarities of appearance of the Type 1 and Type 2 errors during control of a technical condition of aviation armament are presented. A method of increasing the reliability of air-to-surface missile control equipment by conducting control checks in the inter-check interval is proposed. The fundamental difference between the proposed information-redundant model of operation of guided air missiles and the classic model is the introduction into the system of operation a new diagnostic operation - an intermediate control check. Peculiarities of application of the developed method concerning calculation of both quantity of control checks and their periodicity within an inter-check interval are shown.

Peculiarities of engineering and geological surveys when inspecting the historical building of Kharkiv

Formulation of the problem. The large volume of historic buildings that require major repairs, reconstruction and adaptation to modern use dictates the need to move to faster and more reliable technologies of architectural monuments restoration. In this regard, there is a need for a complex approach during the restoration work. The purpose of the article is to investigate the difficulty of obtaining the correct conclusions about the geological conditions of the building placement as a result of previously unqualified repair works on the example of engineering-geological surveys during the reconstruction of a historic building. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal, the analysis of engineering-geological conditions of the soil base of the building, visual inspection of the building, soil sampling from the pits in the basement of the survey object, as well as determining the physical-mechanical characteristics of the soil have been done. An analytical comparison of these data was performed to understand the constructive solution of the building foundations and engineering-geological conditions of their support. Results. During the working process, the lack of design and executive documentation for the building, as well as unqualified interference in its structure, was revealed. Therefore, one of the key issues was to determine the actual structure of the foundation, as well as the type and condition of its soil base. As a result of a complex analysis of the structural scheme of the underground part of the building, it was established that the basement was equipped after the construction of the building. To determine the structure, depth and condition of the foundation, pits were laid from the frontal and back walls of the building facade, which is adjacent to the site. During the laboratory studies of the soils, physical-mechanical characteristics were obtained for calculating building structures. Based on the data obtained, recommendations were issued for the further reconstruction of a non-residential building of the historical development of the city. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The necessity to research the actual technical state of building structures of a historical building is substantiated to assess the possibility of further reliable and safe operation according to its direct functional purpose, with the development of technical solutions and recommendations for further reconstruction of the building according to the needs of the customer, and ensuring its further uninterrupted and safe ope-ration. The practical application of the proposed results has been substantiated - the need for a complex approach during the restoration work for the further reconstruction of a non-residential building of the historical buildings of the city has been confirmed.

Diagnostics of the technical condition and predic-tion of accident-free guaranteed operating time of heavily loaded machines gear wheels

Problem. This article highlights the current state of diagnostics of gears on the level of accumulated fatigue damage in operation. The generalization of the known information on determination of a technical condition of separate gear wheels, especially with big modules (m> 20 mm), allows to outline prospects of development of such diagnostics of a technical condition of gear wheels directly in the course of operation. Goal. The goal of this study is to develop an algorithm for diagnosing the technical condition and forecasting a fault-free operation of the gears of heavy-duty machines. Methodology. The least squares method and the confidence interval method are used to predict accident-free guaranteed gear operation. Results. A procedure for diagnosing the technical condition of gears by measuring the hardness of the metal has been developed, which includes five main stages: selection of the device; choice of measurement scheme; selection of the number of measurements, number and relative position of measuring points; development of a design of a template for measurements; development of a device for fastening templates. When determining the accident-free guaranteed operating time on the basis of several criteria of the limit state, the final decision is made on the criterion that determines the minimum term. Originality. The method of forecasting accident-free guaranteed operating time of gears is chosen taking into account the stages of running-in and stable in linear function accumulation of damage in operation. Practical value. The use of the developed procedure for diagnosing the technical condition of the gears of gearboxes of heavy-duty machines will significantly increase the efficiency of their operation due to the transition from scheduled preventive maintenance to maintenance according to the actual technical condition.

Understanding Slovakian Gas Well Performance and Capability through ArcGIS System Mapping

There are two important territories in Slovakia with functioning gas well operations: the Eastern Slovak Lowland and the Vienna Basin. This article focuses on the creation of electronic monitoring and graphical mapping of the current technical conditions of gas wells in the Eastern Slovak Lowland. An analysis of the gas wells’ current state in the terrain is available. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the current state of gas wells, such as the insufficient processing of gas wells, the lack of summary and uniform records concerning them, and the lack of an electronic system for monitoring the technical security of the wells. The scientific contribution of this article lies in its ability to interpret and address operational problems related to gas wells. Through analogy, the step algorithm expresses the possibility of also using gas wells for oil, geothermal and hydrogeological wells. The intention was to highlight the importance of the need to create a database for the security and strategic needs of the state regarding the storage of natural gas. As of yet, no computer or graphic system has been used in Slovakia to monitor, unify and clarify the actual technical condition of gas wells. Using the ArcGIS electronic and graphical software tool, the mapping and recording of gas wells was carried out in the area under investigation. The mapping was completed with the mentioned technical patterns. These patterns have the information found on individual gas wells. After the information is added to the database, this mapping can also be carried out in another important area with functioning gas wells, such as in the Vienna Basin, which could be another theme for further research in this area.

Rational modes of operation of complex gas transmission systems

The principles of formation of mathematical models for the choice of rational modes of operation of complex gas transmission systems with multi-shop compressor stations equipped with different types of gas pumping units are given. It is proposed to optimize the modes on the basis of the use of energy-economic characteristics of the gas transmission system, which are built on the basis of the parameters of the gas transmission system taking into account the technical condition of its elements and economic performance for a certain period. This approach ensures compliance with the principle of operation of the gas transmission system in the field of permissible modes and maximum energy consumption on the one hand and minimizing the cost of gas transportation on the other. If it is possible to use the actual data on the actual technical condition of the equipment and gas pipelines of the system, this method allows to evaluate and take into account in the further procedure the parameters of gas supply reliability. An important requirement for the optimization procedure is the stability of energy efficiency characteristics, which means that in any practical changes of non-basic regime parameters, the energy efficiency characteristic should not be shifted beyond the allowable error. The problem of optimal load distribution in a complex gas transmission system is considered based on their minimum total energy costs at a given volume of gas supply and other planning and technological constraints. The task of optimizing a multiparameter object is to find the extremum of the goal function by selecting a vector of control effects that would satisfy the constraint. The distribution of loads at the highest hierarchy for the system of main gas pipelines is obtained by finding the minimum total cost of gas compression for each pipeline. The method of construction of such characteristics and the procedure of establishing their stability are shown, which allows the formalization of the construction of the criterion dependence of the regime parameters on energy economic factors. The stated basic decisions allow to formalize the function of the purpose for a choice of a rational mode of operation of gas transmission system in the conditions of its incomplete loading.

Methodology for Analyzing the Actual Technical Condition of Downhole Pumping Equipment

The reducing in the pressure characteristic of the submersible pump during operation occurs as a result of the combined action of a number of reasons. Pumping equipment wears out due to waterjet destruction of flow channels. The characteristics of submersible pumps are captured at the factory on special stands. At large group groundwater intakes, wells are equipped with an automated control system that allows testing the pump at the workplace and promptly making a decision on its replacement if the pressure characteristic is unacceptably reduced. The actual pressure characteristic of the pump H н = f (Q) can be plotted directly in the well with a sufficient degree of accuracy. To determine the degree of wear of the pump, its pressure characteristics are compared before installation and at the time of taking readings. The article describes a well strapping scheme for measuring the specific flow rate and pressure characteristics of a submersible pump. The purpose of the study is to derive a dependency for constructing the flow-pressure characteristics of a submersible pump at its workplace and to develop a method for accounting for its wear during operation, which allows predicting a decrease in well productivity over time. An expression is proposed to describe the characteristics of the pump at any time, calculated from its installation in the well. The analysis of the reducing in the pressure characteristics of pumps produced by various manufacturers in the wells of the existing water intake of underground water is presented. It is confirmed that the intensity of the pressure reduction depends on the duration of the pump operation in a given well, the material of the pump impellers and the sand content in the pumped water.

Концепция обеспечения готовности многофункциональной технической системы к применению по назначению на основе формирования индивидуальных моделей технического состояния ее составных частей

The scheduled preventive system of weapon maintenance and repair currently in use in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation does not adequately correspond to the engineering level of modern multifunctional technical systems. This maintenance and repair system allows assessing the technical condition of multifunctional technical systems with the established diagnostic level, but does not allow predicting their short- and medium-term technical condition. As a result, there is a lack of complete information on the actual technical condition of multifunctional technical systems, which increases the risk of their inoperability at the time of intended use. In addition, the inability to predict the operability of multifunctional technical systems prevents timely detection and anticipation of failures and malfunctions. This leads to unplanned inoperability by reducing the alert readiness rate, and as a consequence, to significant corrective and preventive maintenance costs. Analysis of the technical conditions of multifunctional technical systems shows that the existing preventive maintenance and repair system makes it increasingly more difficult to ensure the required level of the specified operational and technical characteristics. The development and implementation of built-in automated control and diagnostic systems can provide numerical values of multifunctional technical system parameters in real time, to objectively assess their actual technical condition and predict the technical condition for a certain period of operation. These circumstances objectively raise the issue of improving the existing preventive maintenance and repair system and developing an individual system for sustaining the operational readiness of multifunctional technical systems. This paper presents the conceptual foundations of operational readiness of a multifunctional technical system based on the individual assessment of the technical state of its components and adaptive-situational management of the readiness sustainment process. The proposed approach is based on the creation of an individual technical state model for a multifunctional technical system, assessing and predicting its technical state, and adjusting the readiness sustainment program through adaptive situational management. The proposed approach ensures the required level of readiness and reliability of multifunctional technical systems operating in a dynamically changing environment.

Identification of zone of increased stresses of the apparatus with a shirt under conditions of corrosion wear by modeling

Apparatuses with a shirt have two working cavities with independent pressures and temperatures, as well as independent working environments. When operating two cavities, a certain difference in pressure and temperature is simultaneously created, leading to the appearance of unfavorable zones, which can negatively affect the life of the apparatus. For the timely identification of the most unfavorable zones, a wide range of non-destructive testing methods are used, which make it possible to assess the actual technical condition and level of metal defectiveness. However, due to the design features of the apparatus with the shirt, it is quite difficult to conduct a full visual control of the inner surface. Therefore, the actual work is to assess the stress-deformed state of equipment with an original design using modeling in modern software systems in order to identify potentially dangerous sections in terms of maximum operating stresses.

Application of mathematical data processing to determine the actual technical state of the motor-wheel belaz gear box

Continuous plant operation is provided with machinery and equipment, which is in technically serviceable condition. Timely diagnostics of the actual technical condition of equipment and units components will allow avoiding unforeseen failures and making unscheduled maintenance or repair works. Thus, this technological operation will allow keeping the used equipment in work condition. Among the promising methods for diagnosing the actual technical condition of gearboxes of motor-wheels of open -pit dump trucks BELAZ, vibration, noise measurement and thermal methods are marked. However, it is necessary to apply mathematical methods of processing and modeling of wear processes for more accurate processing of the obtained parameters. Thus, not only the continuous operation of equipment is achieved by means of set of methods, but also the productivity of the coal mining complex increases by means of increasing the equipment resource.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE ONTOLOGY MODEL FOR THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

Hydrotechnical constructures are complex structures that represent the interaction between soil-, water-and technological environment. For trouble-free and safe operation of hydrotechnical constructures, as well as maintaining them in operational mode, by the operating organization, as well as by organizations that conduct technical supervision, constant technical inspectionsare carried out to fix the damage (defects). This allows you to determine the actual technical condition of structures.Currently, building information modelling (BIM) methodology is most widely used for modelling structures. This methodology supports the seamless exchange of all information between relevant participants using digital technology. However, IFC files are mainly used to store data on structures. The evolution of this methodology provides for interoperability based on the network. The W3C LBD-CG community group presented an adapt extensible ontology called Building Topology Ontology (BOT), which provides ahigh-level description of the topology of structures, including the natures and types of hydrotechnical constructures depending on the purpose and operating conditions of structural elements of different levels. Authors have created an adapted ontology that does not have the same disadvantages as the IFC in terms of size and complexity. Reuse of existing ontologies has been an important priority, which allows the inclusion of ontologies for specialized areas.The issue of describing the technical conditionof hydrotechnical constructures is considered. Basic terms and statements are introduced that extend the multi-sorted language of applied logic to describe the knowledge of this subject area. The ontology model provides terminology for defining damage associated with hydrotechnical constructures. The ontology model makes it possible to introduce into the developed ontologies the relationship of damages with structural elements and spatial zones of their location. The ontology can also be used to represent observations of the technical state of damage in a machine-interpreted format.

TECHNICAL CONDITION EVALUATION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF A TURBO-REFRIGERATION UNIT PARTS OF AN AIRCRAFT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM BY CHANGING THE LEVEL OF RESIDUAL STRESSES

One of the frequent causes of aviation incidents and accidents is the failure of technical equipment and the destruction of aircraft (AC) constructions resulting from unacceptable deformations and structural destruction of the parts operating under high mechanical loads. Operation of parts, assemblies and units of aeronautical equipment in the most typical cases does not allow their plastic strain. Thus, in accordance with the airworthiness standards, aeronautical equipment should not be used under the conditions leading to the occurrence of dangerous permanent yielding and fatigue damage to the material in its structures. The probability of these negative factors is determined by the stress condition of the aircraft structural component material during operation. An important factor that determines the stress condition as well as the technical condition of an object of technology is residual stresses, most often available in the material of the part. In particular, the summation of the residual stresses with the stresses of the operating load can lead to the exceedance of the critical values stress condition indicators, for example, the fatigue margin or the yield point of the material. In view of this, the development of new technologies that will provide information on the actual technical condition of the structure of each aircraft during its operation considering residual stresses is a critical task. The article describes a possible approach to evaluating and predicting the technical condition of the structural materials of assemblies and units operating under cyclic loading based on determining the change of residual stresses level on the surface of the parts during their operation. As a method for determining residual stresses, the X-ray diffractometric method was chosen, as it is characterized by high accuracy and reliability of the results obtained. The developed approach was tested on the components of the aircraft air conditioning system (turbo-refrigeration unit). The results of evaluating the technical condition of the parts conform to the facts of their operational damage. In these circumstances, although the proposed approach cannot currently be used directly on board an aircraft for continuous monitoring of the technical condition of aircraft structural materials, however, its development seems to the authors to be promising for these purposes.

Задачи разработки и реализации системы управления промышленной безопасностью предприятия при эксплуатации технических устройств

Development and practical implementation of the enterprise industrial safety management system considering the new requirements of the legislation on creation of the state system for monitoring, remote control, technical certification, and diagnostics of technical devices at hazardous production facilities supervised by Rostechnadzor is discussed in the article. To perform automated collection, recording, generalization, systematization, and evaluation of the information on the parameters that characterize safety of the enterprise hazardous equipment as a whole and each technical device, a block diagram of the enterprise automated industrial safety management system is proposed. The basics are suggested for creating the automated system containing a database that includes all the technical documentation, certificates and expert opinions, repair documentation and accompanying documents (orders, instructions, audit conclusions, etc.) for the efficiency of tracking the technical condition in real time considering changes in all the controlled parameters of the enterprise technological complexes. It is noted in the article that the assessment of the technical condition and life of single and unique technical devices that make up the bulk of equipment in hazardous production should be carried out already at the manufacturing stage by combining technical control with technical diagnostics, and their results should be included in the technical passport of the device. The need in this information for the operators is invaluable, especially after working out the manufacturer’s designated period of safe operation and for evaluating the actual technical condition and comparing it with its original, which was documented during fabrication. Data on the initial state allows to qualitatively assess the degradation processes that are developing during operation and consider them when evaluating the life of a technical device and conduct a qualitative audit of the industrial safety management system.

Application of fiber-optic measuring technology and phase-chronometric method for control and monitoring of technical condition of aircraft structures

Problems of ensuring the safe operation of an aircraft from the point of view of the fatigue life of its structure are considered. The relevance of the creation and implementation of diagnostic systems for monitoring the technical condition of structures of complex technical objects is shown on the example of a helicopter. An original approach to the creation and implementation of complex systems for diagnostics and monitoring of the technical condition of complex technical objects is presented, combining fiber-optic measuring technology and phase-chronometric method. It is shown that the use of monitoring and diagnostic systems ensures the transition to operation based on the actual technical condition. The proposed approach makes it possible to increase the time between overhaul intervals and reduce excess reserves in terms of the reliability factors of structures, which increases the flight performance of aircraft.

About diagnostics of technical condition of metal-cutting machines

At present, scheduled maintenance prevails at production enterprises without taking into account its actual technical condition. This approach leads either to overspending of maintenance costs in the case of rare use of equipment, or Vice versa, if maintenance is delayed, there is a risk of an emergency failure. Losses from the sudden failure of critical elements of machine equipment are costly for both the company’s budget and its image. Therefore, the main task of technical services is to control and ensure a given level of reliability of metal-cutting machines by detecting faults at the early stages of occurrence, tracking the dynamics of the development of faults, determining and planning rational terms of repairs. This article discusses the most effective operational methods for diagnosing the technical condition of metal-cutting machine components.

Improvement of friction units limiting the durability of mechanical systems

The efficiency and competitiveness of transport, other things being equal, directly depends on improving the safety of the transportation process, which in turn depends on the actual technical condition and durability of the rolling stock. To solve problems of this type, it is proposed a set of solutions is proposed that increases the durability of especially critical friction units that affect the safety of operation of technical systems used in loading and unloading and transport processes. The proposed solutions are characterized by manufacturability, low resource consumption and versatility.

Аналіз отриманих частотних характеристик силового трансформатора та визначення його технічного стану з їхньою допомогою

The decommissioned 10 kV power transformers, which are stored at the repair sites of JSC "Vinnytsiaoblenergo", among others, are damage to the windings and magnetic circuit, which can be detected by analyzing the frequency characteristics of the transformer. An exemplary graph of the frequency response of a power transformer used in the diagnostic process may be a graph showing the average values of the test signal transfer factor of the FRAnalizer through a power transformer for different types of serviceable transformers depending on the frequency of the test signal. Only those transmission measurement results are taken into account and only the number of measurements in which the deviation of the current values does not exceed the FRAnalizer error (2 %). The frequency of the test signal, which must be taken into account for detecting a defect, corresponds to the frequency at which the deviation of the value of the transmission coefficient of the frequency response of the transformer under study differs from the value of the transmission coefficient (frequency response built from the average values of the same type of serviceable transformers) by more than 2 %. Determining the value of the informative frequency, which correlates with the defect, is carried out by own observations and analysis of literature sources. On the example of the studied power transformer type TMG 1000/10 U1 its actual technical condition is established. However, in the frequency range 6060…7010 Hz, abrupt deviations were observed, which are proposed to be preliminarily removed from the calculations, considering them to be mistakes.