Actual Survey Data Research Articles

Occupational Mobility in the Year 2000: Projections for American Men and Women

Occupational Mobility in the Year 2000: Projections for American Men and Women

Extraordinary Live Load in Office Buildings

Loads due to extraordinary events are investigated using data from the Sydney live‐load survey. A total of 1,989 extraordinary events of normal crowding, emergency crowding, and furniture stacking are studied. Parameters for a multiple extraordinary load model are obtained from the actual survey data. It is observed that not just the number of extraordinary load cells but all other parameters are area dependent. The mean and standard deviation of the number of people in a crowd for both normal crowding and emergency crowding decrease with decreasing floor area. Load due to furniture stacking shows a similar trend of variation. The numbers of load cells for the three types of extraordinary events are also observed to be different. Data from the present survey are compared with those from previous surveys. Present parameters are compared with values assumed by previous investigators. Extraordinary loads are predicted by using the extraordinary load model with the present parameters. They are observed to be, in general, 30% larger than values obtained using parameters assumed by previous workers.

A Comparative Study on Estimation Models of Diversion Rate with Fuzzy Set Theory

Estimation model of diversion rate has been proposed for traffic demand forecasting on urban expressway. Fuzzy reasoning model was already proved to be useful to describe human behavior. The major objective of the study is to introduce somekinds of methods with fuzzy reasoning and to make their feature obvious. First, diversion model is developed with actual survey data considering the reality in traffic assignment stage. Second, implication methods on t-norms for reasoning are compared to know their merits of description and limitation of estimation. Third, the product-sum composition is investigated as a newly idea to modify conventional fuzzy reasoning methods from logical and practical point of view.

Service choice behavior modeling of telecommunication users

AbstractWith the open use of the communication activities and the diversified applications of services with various functions, a tendency to utilize the communication network in various ways and for various purposes is observed. There is an increasing need to realize network management based on the prediction technique for the communication activities of the user. This paper proposes a modeling for the choice behavior of communication services by applying the disaggregate behavioral model used in the field of urban engineering as a means of estimating commuter demand. The possibility of application to the communication network management is demonstrated. First, the decision‐making factors to be considered in the model are classified and then the general construction procedure for the model is presented. The qualitative and subjective decision‐making factors are represented numerically using the cardinal scaling based on paired comparisons, and are then used as factors of the model. Assuming a communication service providing 28 kinds of information data concerned with daily life activities, a model construction experiment was made. An examination is made based on actual survey data regarding user intention. It is shown that an excellent performance is obtained in the prediction of service choice, learning based on accumulated data, and the evaluation of service functions. Based on the realized performance, the application of the model to the management and operation of the communication network is discussed.

Identifying the Coarse and Fine Structures of Market Segments

ABSTRACTNumerical taxonomy methods have been used to represent marketing data in one of four ways: as discrete groups, dendograms, overlapping groups, or fuzzy classification schemes. This paper introduces a fifth representation—a nested relationship between groups at two (or more) discontinuous levels of aggregation. In the context of a market segmentation application, we call these groups the coarse and fine structures of the market. This paper discusses why this fifth representation is needed and how it differs from existing approaches. The method is illustrated by using it to recover the coarse/fine structures of artificial and actual survey data. The results obtained with the survey data demonstrate the theoretical and practical power of the proposed approach, which provides useful insight into certain marketing decisions. Steps to further validate and extend this new approach to market segmentation are outlined.

Recalling Attitudes: An Analysis of Retrospective Questions on the 1982 GSS

the social sciences. These include oral histories, life histories, patient histories and studies of fertility and contraception, child development, the attainment process, voting and partisan affiliation, medical care, consumer purchases and finances, readership, and public opinion. Respondents are asked to recall attributes, events, behaviors, and attitudes from the immediate to distant past. Both experimental work in cognitive psychology on memory and reliability checks on actual retrospective survey data find notable error from forgetting and memory distortion. Three general errors are common: (1) forgetting-a failure to report a given fact; (2) time displacement-associating events and behaviors with the wrong period, usually telescoping events; and (3) distortion-the changing of facts usually to fit into a more consistent or standard pattern. Errors occur most frequently about the details of events, unimportant events and about repetitive events which are easily confused. Most studies of the reliability of retrospective surveys have focused on a relatively short period (several days to about a year) and demographics attributes (e.g., residence, employment, marital history) or behaviors (medical care, use of alcohol, voting). Improvements in

APPLICATIONS OF MODERATED REGRESSION IN JOB DESIGN RESEARCH

Applications of moderated regression analysis in five areas of job design research are described and fully illustrated with actual survey data. The five areas of research have received some attention in the literature over the past 10 years. Arguments for the selection of moderated regression over the more common subgroups analysis are presented. We conclude that moderated regression analysis is superior to a subgroups analysis for the research questions being asked by investigators interested in job design research.

An Aerial Radiometric Data Modeling Program

A computer program has been written to simulate collecting of radiometric survey data using large volume NaI(Tl) spectrometer systems. The model accounts for: radioelement concentrations; counting statistics; detector angular sensitivity; air, source and detector scattering; as well as interference resulting from cosmic, aircraft and atmospheric Bi-214 backgrounds. This model has confirmed earlier calculations, suggesting that the area being sampled along the flight path is only about half as wide as that commonly believed. The program has been used to model signal profiles along two flight lines on the Department of Energy's test range at Lake Mead, AZ. The model has also been used to test digital data filters, a task usually complicated by the lack of complete knowledge of ground concentrations when actual survey data are used.

Expanding a Nondemographic Factor Modal Split Model

Expanding an earlier nondemographic factor modal split model, the author applies a revised model to business travel from Washington, D.C., to New York and Philadelphia. Actual businessman survey data is used to calibrate the model and to predict the future market shares of both hypothetical and contemporary intercity travel modes operating in this section of the Northeast Corridor.

Survey of Compensation of Water Utility Personnel, United States and Canada, 1968

It was decided to expand the 1968 AWWA Salary Survey to include salaries paid to water utility personnel other than managers. The two previous salary surveys in 1958 and 1963 were limited to only managerial positions. The committee report presented in this article discusses the process by which water utilities were surveyed for information on: salaries of managers; weekly salaries of office and supervisor personnel; and, hourly earnings of construction, maintenance, and service personnel. The actual survey data had not been thoroughly analyzed by the time of publication of this Journal article; therefore, the report presented here is preliminary and subject to changes and corrections.

Discussion on Kondo, Ejiri and Miki: “Consideration on Cross-walk Lightillg and Actual Survey Data”

Discussion on Kondo, Ejiri and Miki: “Consideration on Cross-walk Lightillg and Actual Survey Data”