Actual State Research Articles

A multichannel investigation of proprioceptive accuracy

Proprioceptive accuracy (PAc), i.e., the acuity of perception of the state of different parts of the motor system, shows substantial intraindividual differences, and is often considered a general ability. However, it is questionable whether there is an association between accuracies measured with different tests at different body sites. PAc with respect to both knee and elbow joints (joint position reproduction) and the flexors of the upper arms (weight discrimination) was measured in 87 young healthy individuals with regular physical activity across multiple indices. Expected and perceived performance was also assessed for each behavioral task. Frequentist and Bayesian analysis largely supported the idea that PAc with respect to various parts of the motor system are unrelated. No dominant-subdominant differences for actual performance were found; however, PAc for the dominant and subdominant limb were associated in many cases. Finally, perceived performance was related to expected but not to actual performance for all three proprioceptive modalities. In conclusion, actual accuracy of perception of the actual state of a part (i.e., joint, muscle) of the motor system cannot be generalized to other parts. Perceived accuracy, dominantly shaped by expectations, is independent from actual accuracy.

Design of reduced-order observer based steady state optimal linear-quadratic feedback controllers

In this paper we formulate and solve a problem encountered in engineering applications when a linear-quadratic (LQ) optimal feedback controller uses state estimates obtained via a reduced-order observer. Due to the use of state estimates instead of the actual state variables, the optimal quadratic performance is degraded in a pretty complex manner. In the paper, we show how to find the exact formula for the optimal performance degradation (optimal performance loss) in linear time invariant systems for the steady state case (infinite horizon optimization problem). The optimal performance loss is obtained in terms of solution of a reduced-order algebraic Lyapunov equation whose dimension is equal to the dimension of the reduced-order observer. The quantities that impact the performance criterion loss are identified. Practical examples (an inverted pendulum on a cart and an aircraft) show that the optimal performance loss can be very significant in some applications, and even very high in the presented linear-quadratic optimal control of an inverted pendulum problem. We have shown, using the derived formula, how the optimal performance loss can be considerably reduced by properly choosing the reduced-order observer initial conditions via the least square method.

Multiple dynamic targets enclosing control for a class of nonlinear uncertain multiagent systems

The multiple dynamic targets enclosing control protocol is proposed in this paper for a class of nonlinear uncertain multiagent systems. To accomplish the mission of hunting multiple targets with double-integral nonlinear dynamics, a distributed estimator is established firstly for each agent by employing the signum function, leading to an estimation of the average position of multiple targets. Specifically, only partial information about the dynamic targets is utilized to construct the enclosing formation reference beacon. Furthermore, due to the existence of the system uncertainties, it is a challenging task to design the enclosing controller. To overcome this difficulty, an augmented system is constructed to compensate for the effect caused by the uncertainties, which is introduced afterwards into the control protocol design along with comprehensive theoretical analysis. Sufficient conditions are derived and proved under Lyapunov stability criterion to ensure the closed-loop stability of nonlinear multiagent systems. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is finally verified through the numerical simulations. More precisely, by appropriately picking control parameters α and β based on Lemma 3.1, the designed formation reference beacon estimator is validated by achieving convergence of errors between the actual state and estimated states to zero. Meanwhile, the feasibility of the proposed enclosing control protocol is demonstrated simultaneously as it enables the regulation of enclosing errors using a self-designed parameter γ0. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis of the control parameters is presented, which indicates that the proposed reference beacon estimator remains robust to the variation of its control parameters, while larger values for the control parameters in the designed controller result in faster error convergence rates.

Application of artificial intelligence in retail

In the context of the contemporary Industry 4.0 concept, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an integral component of human lifeʼs success, the impact of which is increa­singly difficult to overestimate today. With the advent of AI, the everyday life of individuals has noticeably transformed. Neural networks are capable of working in an algorithmic way, adapt, learn, and even generate new inven­tions within a short span of time. Since the concept of AI appeared, fervent debates have revolved around its advantages and opportu­nities for modern society, ethical frameworks of application, risks, and the negative impact of AI on various professional spheres. However, the revolutionary changes brought about by AI, enabling individuals to delegate routine tasks and freeing up time for creative endeavors, remain indisputable. Despite the high significance of previously conducted research, the state and potential opportunities of industrial application of AI remain insufficiently explored. The purpose of the study is to determine the current trends in the development of artificial intelligence, to assess the actual state of use and to justify recommendations for the future use of AI systems in the retail sector. It has been deter­mined that the introduction of AI technologies is a modern global trend and one of Ukraineʼs priorities. It has been proven that the complex realities of domestic retail development unveil opportunities for digital transformation and the intensification of AI implementation. The current state of AI development has been examined: the leading countries in artificial intelligence implementation have been identified, and the retail sector has been ranked fourth among industries with high potential for the application of advanced technologies. To gain an understanding of AI development in retail, a survey was conducted, the results of which delineated business processes where AI techno­logies are actually applied and specified the goals of their application. The priority opera­tional processes of retail enterprises for the implementation of advanced technologies have been identified and ranked by the significance of AI systems, which are most relevant to modern retail. A list of AI systems has been sorted according to their purpose and functional capa­bilities in retail.

Exploring the effective implementation of population-based SHM in existing buildings. Part II: Damage-feature classification for decision-making

In the context of structural condition assessment, transfer learning methods overcome some of the difficulties associated with the paucity of information on the actual structural condition of a target structure. This study aims to associate the building’s response with a population of nominally identical buildings for which a form is derived from existing empirical models relating certain basic characteristics (e.g., structure height) with the fundamental resonance period. This paper presents a structural condition classification based on the measured resonance period of the target structure, presented as the Build’Health™ solution. First, damage thresholds are defined by the shift of the fundamental period, which is considered to be a damage-sensitive characteristic for a given building population form, derived from almost thirty published references. The implicit period variation due to certain weather conditions is also included. Multinomial logistic regression and Gaussian mixture models are then used to classify damage according to the performance levels used in earthquake engineering (i.e., Operational Condition, Immediate Occupancy, Life Safety and Collapse Prevention). A performance-based probabilistic framework using a traffic-light system (green-orange-red classification) is finally used to classify structural condition. The method is tested and validated on several buildings surveyed after weak to strong earthquakes with different structural conditions. We show the complementarity of combining transfer learning, which gives the actual state of the target specimen with respect to a nominally identical population form of buildings, with multinomial logistic regressions and Gaussian mixture models for operational condition-based decision-making defined by the measured resonance period. This manuscript is the second in a series aimed at developing the Build’Health™ operational method for assessing the condition of real buildings (Part I on damage detection using transfer learning and Part II on classification using Gaussian mixture models and multinomial logistic regressions) based on basic building information.

Adaptive real-time ECMS with equivalent factor optimization for plug-in hybrid electric buses

—The plug-in hybrid electric bus (PHEB) is one of the vehicles that can address global environmental and energy problems. Due to the complex characteristics of the urban cycle condition, a fixed parameter energy management strategy may not be suitable for fuel economy. Thus, an adaptive real-time control strategy seems to be of great significance for PHEBs. The paper designs an advanced equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) with segments divided from the driving cycle and optimized equivalent factor (EF). The classification of different segments is based on the time that the vehicle stops. The EF is optimized under two different driving conditions by using the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. A new model, as the difference between the actual state of charge (SOC) and the reference SOC, is presented and minimized by optimizing the EF. Segmented EF optimization adds a correction factor, which can adjust EF according to the kinematic characteristics of each segment. The results show that the fuel consumption decreased by 18.72 % compared with the conventional ECMS.

Single-Facility Analysis of COVID-19 Status of Healthcare Employees during the Eighth and Ninth Pandemic Waves in Japan after Introducing Regular Rapid Antigen Testing.

Community infections of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have increased rapidly since the emergence of the Omicron strain. During the eighth and ninth pandemic waves-when movement restrictions in the community were eased-the all-case registration system was changed, and the actual status of infection became uncertain. We conducted regular rapid antigen tests (R-RATs) once or twice a week as self-testing to examine the actual state of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) diagnosis among healthcare employees. Overall, 320 (1.42/day) and 299 (1.76/day) employees were infected in the eighth and ninth pandemic waves. During both periods, 59/263 doctors (22.4%), 335/806 nurses (41.6%), 92/194 administrative employees (47.4%), and 129/218 clinical laboratory technicians (59.2%) were infected. In the eighth wave, 56 of 195 employees were infected through close contact; in the ninth wave, 26 of 62 employees were infected. No significant difference was observed in the number of vaccinations between infected and non-infected employees. The positivity rate of R-RATs was 0.41% and 0.45% in the eighth and ninth waves. R-RATs detected infection in 212 and 229 employees during the eighth and ninth waves, respectively; the ratio of R-RAT-detected positive employees to those who reported infection was significantly higher during the ninth wave (odds ratio: 1.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.17-2.37, p < 0.001). The number of infected healthcare employees remained high during the eighth and ninth pandemic waves in Japan. The R-RAT is considered effective for detecting mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 at an early stage and at a high rate in healthcare employees.

EFFICIENCY OF OPERATION OF THE FIRE SAFETY SUBSYSTEM OF THE HYDROGEN STORAGE AND SUPPLY SYSTEM

Hydrogen may become one of the most valuable energy carriers in the 21st century. A big step to this is the safe, compact, and cost-effective storage of hydrogen provided by hydrogen storage systems (HSS). One of the operating system elements of the hydrogen storage and supply system is its fire safety subsystem. The effectiveness of such a subsystem’s functioning depends on a conditional probability that this subsystem correctly recognises the actual state of the hydrogen storage and supply system. We carry out the formalisation of the operation of the fire safety subsystem of the hydrogen storage and supply system in the form of a graph of its states. The study considers three modes of operation of such a subsystem: control, testing, and self-control. We build a weight matrix of the fire safety subsystem states. Its elements include the intensity of transitions from one state to another, the recovery intensity, and the completeness of control and testing. The study shows that the roots of the system of Kolmogorov equations determine the efficiency of the functioning of the fire safety subsystem of the hydrogen storage and supply system. We represent this system of equations in matrix form, with the main matrix having a size of 8×7. Next, we obtain expressions for the roots of such a system of comparisons and construct an expression for the efficiency of the fire safety subsystem’s functioning of the hydrogen storage and supply system. This expression applies to all three modes of operation of such a fire safety subsystem. The considered typical modes of operation of the fire safety subsystem of the hydrogen storage and supply system are control mode, control mode with self-control, and control and testing mode. For each of these modes, we obtain expressions that describe their effectiveness. It is necessary to note that the magnitudes of recovery intensities, in contrast to transition intensities, can vary. We further provide an example of choosing the intensities of restoration of the subsystem during its control using the acceptance criterion for the probability of finding the subsystem in a state corresponding to the fire-hazardous state of the hydrogen storage and supply system. Keywords: fire safety, efficiency, hydrogen storage and supply system.

Brucellosis : Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonosis

More than 500,000 human cases of brucellosis are reported each year, with Brucella melitensis being the primary cause. It is still one of the most prevalent zoonotic illnesses in the world. The CDC has categorized the bacterial pathogen as a category (B) disease, meaning that it possesses the potential to evolve into a bioweapon. It is thought that the most prevalent infections obtained in laboratories are Brucella species. The emergence or reappearance of new foci causes brucellosis to constantly shift in geographic distribution. Animals and humans are affected by the disease everywhere, with the exception of nations where bovine brucellosis has been completely eradicated. Due to brucellosis, there are significant economic losses incurred globally in both animal production and human health. All of the region's countries have recorded cases of leishmaniasis, hepatitis A virus (HAV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV). Dengue fever, H5N1, Chikungunya, and Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) have all been spreading geographically and in quantity as well as in frequency. Public health is still concerned about Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), which was first discovered in this area in 2012. In certain of the countries, poliomyelitis, leishmaniasis, cholera, and diphtheria control are difficult to maintain. Furthermore, just a few of the region's nations are home to Rift Valley fever (RVF) and Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever (AHF). Furthermore, not much is known about the actual state of tularemia, Q fever, and the plague. In conclusion, EIDs and RIDs are widespread in the majority of the region's nations and may continue to spread there. Enhancing regional capacities and capabilities is essential for both preventing disease outbreaks and providing sufficient resources and expertise to contain them. Keywords: MERS-CoV, CCHF, Zoonosis, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Eastern Mediterranean Region Copyright © 2022 Kerman University of Medical Sciences is the publisher of the author or authors. The Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows for unlimited use, distribution, and reproduction in any format as long as the original work is properly attributed, governs the dissemination of this open-access article. Key Words: AIDS, West Nile fever, and Legionnaires’ diseaseZoonosis, MERS-CoV, CCHF, neglected tropical diseases, emerging infectious diseases, and the Eastern Mediterranean region.

Circulating tumor cells enumeration and characterization in patients with lung cancer treated with immunotherapy.

e15030 Background: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Assessing PD-L1 expression from the tumor specimen can be challenging because of tissue accessibility, heterogeneity, and dynamic changes in PD-L1 expression that may impact the status of PD-L1 during disease evolution and treatment. Hence, assessing PD-L1 status from archival tumor might not reflect its actual state on the tumor and having a real-time assessment of its expression with the use of non-invasive techniques such circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is useful. Methods: We conducted a single centre prospective study to detect CTCs in the blood of patients with stage III-IV NSCLC treated with immunotherapy using the standard CellSearch technology for CTC enumeration and the Epic Sciences technology for CTCs enumeration and assessment of PD-L1 protein expression on CTCs. CTCs were detected at baseline before treatment initiation and after 2 cycles of treatment. Study endpoints included CTCs detection and concordance between the 2 technologies, PD-L1 expression assessment on CTCs with the Epic Sciences technology, and concordance with tissue-based expression. Comparisons were made using Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for count data and percentage of perfect agreement. Results: Between 2019 and 2022, 48 patients treated with immunotherapy were enrolled in the study. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 66.8 ± 10.3 years, 63% were females, 42% received combination chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and 44% had adenocarcinoma histology. The tissue PD-L1 expression was high (≥50%), intermediate (1-49%), and low (&lt;1%) in 36%, 31% and 33% of patients respectively. The mean ± SD baseline CTCs count per 7.5ml was 1.97 ± 4 with CellSearch and 1.38 ± 2.72 per ml with Epic Sciences. After 2 treatment cycles, 22% and 41% of patients had an increase in their CTCs count with CellSearch and Epic Sciences, respectively and 30% and 29% had a decrease in their CTCs. The PCC and ICC for baseline CTCs detected by CellSearch and Epic Sciences were 0.72 and 0.61, respectively and for CTCs detected after 2 cycles of treatment by the 2 technologies were -0.16 and 0.45 respectively. One patient had PD-L1 expression on their CTCs with the Epic Sciences technology and there was no association between the PD-L1 expression on CTCs and on matched tissue samples. Conclusions: This study showed a moderate to strong correlation between the 2 technologies for baseline CTCs detection and moderate to poor correlation for CTCs detection after 2 cycles of therapy. No association was found between CTCs and tissue PD-L1 expression. Future work needs to further investigate the role of PD-L1 expression on CTCs.

Short-term yoga breathing intervention improves blood oxygenation, actual emotional state and resilience score in postmenopausal women

Short-term yoga breathing intervention improves blood oxygenation, actual emotional state and resilience score in postmenopausal women

횡령죄의 기수 시기

The timing of a crime completion is usually determined according to the degree of protection of legal interests. Accordingly, in the case of embezzlement, it is discussed whether the crime is infringing or endangering. However, as with embezzlement, while discussing whether the crime is infringing or endangering, academic theories and judicial precedents are unusual in determining the timing of a crime completion based on the theory of expression and the theory of realization based on the illegal intention to obtain property. It is unreasonable to consider it appropriate to determine the timing of the embezzlement completion from two perspectives shown above. The expression theory and the realization theory are based on the intention to acquire illegally, and consider the time when the crime of embezzlement is committed when there is an objective act that expresses the illegal intention to acquire property, or when the illegal intention to acquire property is realized. However, it is unfair to judge the timing of completion based on the illegal intention to acquire property, and the reasons are as follows. First, in most crimes, the timing of the completion is determined depending on whether the offence is infringed, concretely or abstractly endangered, so the timing of the completion of the crime of embezzlement must also be determined in relation with the degree of protection of legal interests. Second, since the meaning and systematic status of the illegal intention to acquire property are unclear, it is unresonable to determine the terminating timing based on the vague concept of the illegal intention to acquire property. Third, since crimes are regarded as completed only when all the elements are satisfied, it is unreasonable to judge whether it is a completed crime based solely on the illegal intent to obtain property, which is only a part of the subjective elements of embezzlement. The background of the view that determines the timing of embezzlement completion based on the illegal intention to obtain property is that the acquiring or losing of the legal interest of ownership or the danger of acquiring or losing that ownership does not occur as the result of embezzlement, so the timing of completion is hard to be determined according to the degree of protection of the legal interest. However, if the protected legal interest in embezzlement is viewed as ‘the actual state of ownership’ of using, profiting, and dealing of property, it is natural to determine whether or not to protect it based on the degree of protection of the legal interest as follows. When a person who keeps effects or real estate disposes of it by transferring or providing security, etc., at the stage where the person decides to dispose of the property and negotiates the terms of the transaction with the other party who wishes to transfer the property or acquire a security right, and reaches an agreement of intent. If there is a concrete and realistic risk of infringing on the legal interests of the state of de facto ownership, and accordingly, the legal interests are actually violated by delivering the effects or completing the transfer of ownership of real estate or the registration of the creation of a title, then I think the timing can be judged reasonably, from the perspective of a concrete endangering crime or abstract endangering crime.

지방자치와 자치경찰 실태 검토

At the present time, when the autonomous police system is being implemented, it is necessary to review the meaning of the autonomous police system and whether it is in line with the purpose of the local autonomy system through its actual situation. The purpose of the autonomous police system is to establish regional security through a police system that matches the local circumstances. The autonomous police system must be institutionalized to meet the needs of regional security and suit the characteristics of each region. However, it is questionable whether the autonomous police system currently in effect is structured and operated to suit the characteristics of the region. The constitutional purpose of local autonomy is to implement self-governance to improve the welfare of residents. When approaching local autonomy from the perspective of promoting the welfare of residents, it is necessary to reexamine the extent to which the autonomous police system is contributing to improving the welfare of residents. The autonomous police system must be organized and operated to reflect the opinions of residents. However, the current police law has limitations in that it does not provide an opportunity for the autonomous police committee, which is an autonomous police agency, to reflect the opinions of residents. According to the current law, the Autonomous Police Committee directs and supervises the city/provincial police chiefs regarding autonomous police affairs. However, it cannot be said that these autonomous police committees have a status that allows them to actually perform their functions in command and supervision of city/provincial police chiefs. The Autonomous Police Committee is granted the status of a consensus-based administrative agency for autonomous police affairs, but exercises command and supervision rights through deliberation and voting rights only on simple administrative affairs, not direct autonomous police affairs. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the current state of the law and presented improvement measures to meet the purpose of local autonomy, which is to promote the welfare of residents in order to achieve institutional guarantee of local autonomy. However, the limitations of this study are that the analysis of the actual situation was conducted through a literature review, and it was limited to the actual state of the legislation and the actual state of the system.

Protection Of Land Rights Of The Happy Beach Village Community Based On National Agrarian Law

The purpose of this research is to determine the protection of land rights for the residents of Pantai Bahagia village based on national agrarian law. The method used is the juridical-empirical method. The juridical-empirical method is a research approach that examines the current regulations as seen from the realities in society, or research that observes the application of the law in its actual state. The results of this study indicate that the form of protection of land rights that can be provided to the 2014 households in Pantai Bahagia Village, who occupy land in forest areas, can be realized through the release of forest areas. The release of these forest areas is carried out through a request to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), considering evidence of land ownership and historical data possessed by the community. With the release of the forest area, the community can then register the land as their property rights, thus providing legal certainty over their land.

Wire-tracking of bent electric cable using X-ray CT and deep active learning.

We have demonstrated a quantification of all component wires in a bent electric cable, which is necessary for discussion of cable products in actual use cases. Quantification became possible for the first time because of our new technologies for image analysis of bent cables. In this paper, various image analysis techniques to detect all wire tracks in a bent cable are demonstrated. Unique cross-sectional image construction and deep active learning schemes are the most important items in this study. These methods allow us to know the actual state of cables under external loads, which makes it possible to elucidate the mechanisms of various phenomena related to cables in the field and further improve the quality of cable products.

РАЗРАБОТКА БАЗОВЫХ ПОДХОДОВ К ПРИВЛЕЧЕНИЮ И УДЕРЖАНИЮ КАДРОВ В ГОРОДАХ НАУКИ И ВЫСОКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

In modern Russia, the problem of technological sovereignty and import substitution of high-tech products is acute. To solve the problems set by the Russian government, it is necessary to launch the production of a wide range of high-tech products as soon as possible. The implementation of the plans is impossible without solving the key tasks of introducing modern technological equipment and increasing human resources. At the moment, a prompt solution to these problems is required, and the previously developed and adopted territorial development strategies assume a long-term perspective. The main scientific organizations and high-tech businesses are located in large regional centers, as well as in small towns with high scientific and technological potential. In large regional centers, a scientific and technological ecosystem has historically been formed, allowing for the creation of conditions for the development of high technologies and scientific research. The situation is more complex in small core cities with pronounced scientific and technological specialization in centers of scientific and technological leadership. At the present stage, the main problem in the development of such cities is attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel. It is necessary to take into account the fact that attracting and retaining specialists are two related processes, but different in essence. The first is characterized by the migration activity of the population, the second - by satisfaction with living in the territory and working conditions. Most often, the factors influencing these processes have common directions, but differ from each other in their characteristics and content. When deciding on a place of work, a specialist evaluates the proposed conditions that are related to his expectations. When retaining specialists, realities are compared with the expectations that were when hired. If they do not comply, the specialist leaves the place of work. In this regard, it is important for the management of the territory and organizations to minimize the differences between expectations and the actual state of the labor and urban environment in order to retain high-level specialists. The work examines the main factors influencing and allowing to solve the problems of attracting and retaining talented youth and highly professional specialists in cities with high scientific and technological potential, taking into account modern realities and requirements. Research shows that the main factor ensuring the attraction of talented youth is the availability of high wages. It is a necessary but not sufficient condition for their retention. Additional factors play an important role in retaining specialists, including modern sociocultural and comfortable urban space, which includes various aspects of the lives of specialists and their families.

Eliminate Structural Injustices or Perpetuate Them: Indigenous Peoples and Transitional Justice in the Criminal Court System of Taiwan

ABSTRACT∞ In 2017, Taiwan’s government proposed reforms to the Indigenous Specialized Criminal Court (ISC) within its criminal court system (court system). Situated within the contemporary theoretical framework of transitional justice, this article explores the theoretical significance of these reforms and examines their actual state of implementation. Firstly, the article points out that the court system has led to structural injustices like the erasure of culture and socio-economic disadvantages for indigenous peoples, highlighting the limitations of the conventional transitional justice model in addressing these injustices. As a response, the ISC reform adopts strategies that differ from the conventional model. The article then attempts to develop an enhanced transitional justice model that includes structural injustices within its scope and explains the ISC reform initiatives and their inherent transitional justice significance. Finally, by evaluating the implementation status of the ISC reform, the article elucidates its theoretical implications and the feedback it offers to contemporary theoretical debates.

Health Risk Prediction of Operational Subsea Tunnel Structure Based on Bayesian Network

Recently, subsea tunnel construction has developed rapidly in China. The traffic volume of subsea metro tunnels is large. Once a safety accident occurs, economic losses and social impacts will be extremely serious. To eliminate accidents in operational subsea metro tunnel structures, a health risk prediction method is proposed based on a discrete Bayesian network. Detecting and monitoring data of the tunnel structures in operation were used to evaluate the health risk by employing the proposed method. This method establishes a Bayesian network model for the health risk prediction of the shield tunnel structure through the dependency relationship between the health risk of the operational tunnel structure and 13 risk factors in five aspects: the mechanical condition, material performance, integrity state, environmental state, and deformation state. By utilizing actual detection and monitoring data of various risk factors for the health risk of the operational subsea metro shield tunnel structure, this method reflects the actual state of the tunnel structure and improves the accuracy of health risk predictions. The validity of the proposed method is verified through expert knowledge and the subsea shield tunnel structure of the Dalian Subway Line 5. The results demonstrate that the health risk prediction outcomes effectively reflect the actual service state of the shield tunnel structure, thus providing decision support for the control of health risks in the subsea metro shield tunnel.

Prospects for the development of constitutional principles of the constitutional and legal status of a person and a citizen

The article substantiates the need for further development of the constitutional principles of the constitutional and legal status of a person and a citizen in Ukraine. In order to solve this task, the current legislation in the field of the constitutional and legal status of a person and a citizen was analyzed, recognizing that the Constitution of Ukraine created an effective constitutional and legal basis for further law-making and rule-making activities of state structures regarding the principles of the constitutional status of a person and a citizen. At the current stage of state formation, the observance of human rights in Ukraine is connected with the legal trend of their recognition at the state-legal level. It should be noted that they are enshrined in various international legal acts, and above all, they are aimed at the development of rights and freedoms, as well as individual guarantees. The problems of the real guarantee of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen within the framework of their consolidation in the constitutional principles of the legal status of a person and a citizen, as well as the question of the actual state of the position of these things, rarely become the subject of scientific research. It is this that determines the need to research the aspect of the prospects for the development of the principles of the constitutional status of a person and a citizen, as well as the elements and mechanisms of its implementation. It is argued that the modern constitutional development of Ukraine in the context of the European dimension of political transformations determines the problem of rethinking the role and meaning of the constitutional principles of the status of a person and a citizen in Ukraine in the process of forming a new legal reality. It was determined that despite the establishment of the basic principles of the constitutional and legal status of a person and a citizen in the Constitution of Ukraine, there is an urgent need for their further development in the context of building a modern democratic legal state. A conclusion is made about the special role and significance of modern transformations of constitutional norms, which highlight the status of a person and a citizen, for the sake of normal and harmonious formation of prospects for the development of the principles of the constitutional status of a person and a citizen, and the introduction of appropriate changes to the Constitution of Ukraine.

Path-following control of 4WIS/4WID autonomous vehicles considering vehicle stability based on phase plane

In order to ensure the following accuracy and improve the operational stability of four-wheel independent driving and four-wheel independent steering autonomous vehicles, this paper proposes a path-following control strategy based on the β−[Formula: see text] phase plane. First, based on the kinematic relationship between the vehicle and the reference path, the linear matrix inequality theory is used to design the H∞ controller to obtain the wheel steering angle. Then, the vehicle steering system is subjected to nonlinear analysis according to phase plane theory, and a partition region controller is designed. In the unstable region, the instability degree of the vehicle is predicted by quadratic polynomial extrapolation and the particle swarm optimization PID controller is designed to determine the required yaw moment to restore the vehicle to the stable region. In the stable region, a fuzzy sliding mode controller is adopted to determine the required yaw moment so that the actual state variable of the vehicle follows the ideal state variable. Finally, the optimal tire force distributor is designed such that the required forces are allocated to all four wheels. The simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain excellent path-following performance and stability performance under different driving conditions.