Actual Role Research Articles

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE ROLE OF URBAN SQUARES’ PATH IN SHAPING THE CITY IMAGE OF PAST AND PRESENT ADMINISTRATIVE CAPITALS IN MALAYSIA

The ‘Dataran’ or urban square has been suffering an identity loss as a result from rapid urbanization despite its significance in shaping the city image. The concept of "city image," often referred to as a city's reputation or perception. Even though numerous studies had address different contribution of an urban square, there is only limited information that addresses its role in shaping city image, especially in relation to administrative capital in Malaysia. This paper is vital as it intends to provide emphasis to the actual role of the urban square once again. This study aims to examine the role of urban squares’ path in shaping the city image through observable analysis on past and present administrative capitals in Malaysia; Dataran Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur and Dataran Putra, Putrajaya. The observable analysis will draw attention to two subject matters of paths; Clarity of Access Linkages and Directional Quality. Comparison will be made and the urban square that shows a stronger role in shaping the city image will be determined. Conclusively, it is found out that the urban square with higher clarity in the access linkages and strong directional quality are prone to show stronger role in shaping the city image. Based on the observable analysis, Dataran Putra shows a stronger role in shaping a city image as almost 100% of its’ paths shows clarity in its’ access linkages and form a strong directional quality due to its radial alignment.

Prerequisites of Good Cooperation between Teachers and School Psychologists: A Qualitative Analysis

The aim of this study was to determine what kinds of factors play a role in the formation of relationships and cooperation between teachers and school psychologists in Czech schools and the ways in which these factors operate. We used a qualitative methodological design with data collection conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews with eight teachers and ten school psychologists. Subsequent analysis was performed using the grounded theory method. The results indicated the central importance of how a given teacher views the school psychologist, which further determines which factors will influence the degree to which the psychologist is accepted. The following factors were shown to be important in the relationship between a psychologist and a teacher’s neutral attitude toward them: the characteristics of the teacher and the psychologist, the role of school management, the role of school focus and the degree to which the psychologist’s role is understood. The discrepancy between the actual role of the school psychologist and how their role is perceived by the teachers can be a source of issues in cooperation and trust between the two.

Urban acupuncture theory for reclaiming urban spaces during the COVID-19 lockdown in New Cairo City

ABSTRACT After the COVID-19 pandemic, human thoughts have changed in all fields worldwide. People started discovering different activities and realizing the essential role of urban spaces. Human needs and behavior changed through interaction with urban spaces. This article examines the importance of urban spaces in pandemics and how minor interventions can significantly impact urban spaces. We analyzed the city’s different zones in New Cairo City, Egypt. This research determined the application of urban acupuncture theory to the residence of a non-expert and listed the key focus areas for a practical acupuncture response. This study analyses the daily human uses of urban spaces and the role of pandemics that changed the functions of these urban spaces, observing and designing a survey evaluating urban spaces’ efficiency before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown. The research results came out with the actual role of urban spaces as unfunctional, that concludes a fast and quick intervention after the reclaiming urban acupuncture principles that influential in transforming urban areas into liveable places. The results present a spatial visual analysis highlighting the challenges and benefits of urban acupuncture. The findings of our study can assist desicion-makers in evaluating samll nterventions that can create liveable places for all.

The role of space-based data in European climate policies

Space-based data provide essential information on the past, current, and future state of climate change. Satellite data widely contribute to scientific research conducted by recognized institutions such as the IPCC, which underpin most climate policies in Europe. In addition, half of the Essential Climate Variables (ECVs), which are necessary to monitor climate change, directly come from satellite data. However, the role of space is not always accurately reflected in Europe's climate policies, with only a few direct references to ESA's or EU's space programmes and data.Against this background, this paper aims to provide an in-depth assessment on the actual role played by space-based data in the definition and implementation of European climate policies. Based on the outcomes of a year-long research conducted in collaboration with the European Space Agency, the paper will first analysed the use and references to space-based data in over 500 climate policy documents of the 22 ESA Member States. Subsequently, it will address some potential blocking points to the use of space in the climate policymaking process in the analysed European countries. By doing so, the paper will also look into aspects related to science communication, the science-to-policy divide as well as the climate governance in ESA Member States. Finally, this paper will provide recommendations to increase the use of space-based data in the climate policymaking process.

THE ROLE OF AZERBAİJAN İN THE FİELD OF GLOBAL WORLD LOGISTICS

In this article, the objective is to research and analyze the actual and strategic role of Azerbaijan in the field of Global Logistics and how Azerbaijan contributes strategically to the global logistics industry. This article explores the ways Azerbaijan should do in terms of its strategic role in the world logistics field and tries to disclose country's role in conditions that exist in the world logistics network. Logistics has an important role the development of all sector in any country. When we evaluate the role of Azerbaijan in the field of Global Logistics, one of the main nuances is to determine the weak and strong points of country in logistics section. For the improvment of logistics potencial, the state programs in this area should be implemented continuously. By assessing the country's capabilities in the field of global logistics, it is important to attract international attention to increase the country's transit trade potential. A general theoratical approach to the study of modern logsitics relations permit to form a imagination about the basic events and processes occuring in this field. In any region, the improvement of logistics infrastructure creates broadly opportunities for the developmemt of transit potencial and having become a significant motive force of economic growth, logistics and trade permit to increase the capacity of foreign direct investments in the basic fields in quickly globalizing world. Azerbaijan plays the role of a bridge between Europe and Asia. To turn into an important hub, to become better in this sector, Azerbaijan has to improve essentially the logistics and trade infrastructure for the long term period.

Students’ Perception of the Role of Cue Cards to Help Students Improve Their Speaking Abilities in Senior High School 1 Ajibarang

The research entitled "Students' Perception of The Role of Cue Cards for Improving Students’ Speaking Skills" is intended to investigate whether the actual role of using cue cards in improving and enhancing students' speaking skills is effective or not for students of SMA N 1 Ajibarang. The subjects of this study were grade 10 students of SMA N 1 Ajibarang. The population of this study is class 10. While the sample of this study is 4 classes of grade 10. The data of this research were obtained through observation and questionnaires as the research instrument. The results of this study indicate that the use of cue cards has a strong influence on students in the learning process, student motivation, and the output of learning activities.

(The Role of Public Relations in the Effectiveness of the Non-governmental Organizations in the Kurdistan Government, e.g., the charitable organizations).

This research is called (The Role of Public Relations in the Effectiveness of the Non-governmental Organizations in the Kurdistan Government, e.g., the charitable organizations). The research is a disruptive study where the researcher used a survey forum to gather information from employees of (the Humanitarian League organization, the Barzani Charity Foundation, the Rebaz Foundation and people’s charity organization). The main purpose of this research is to discover the role of public relations and its effectiveness among the non-governmental Organizations in the region. Another reason for this research is to showcase the degree to which the employees in these entities rely on the scientific principles of public relations in conducting their organizations’ activities.This is in addition to discovering those tools that public relations use in initiating non-governmental activities in the Kurdistan region.The problem of this research is the vagueness of the actual role of public relations in activating non-governmental activities. The research was conducted in February, March, and April 2023 it has practical and theoretical aspects of the subject and several conclusions were met. The researcher concluded with the result that Public relations has a significant role in an organization’s performance, Also the employees of these entities especially charitable organizations benefit from all the aspects of public relations in conducting their work.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Adjunctive Therapy for COVID-19 Management: Review

Patients with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience thrombotic complications, cytokine storm, immune disorder, hypoxia, numerous disturbances in iron homeostasis, and increased oxidative stress. In addition to the appearance of the classic onset symptoms of COVID-19 which are cough fever and chest pain. Dietary supplements or nutraceuticals can be used as an adjunct treatment to improve patients' recovery. Omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs) in particular, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exhibit anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and immunomodulatory properties that, when combined with the appropriate therapeutic intervention, may improve patient outcomes. Upon oxidation, EPA and DHA produce specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) that induce resolution of inflammation through inhibiting neutrophil migration, enhancing macrophage phagocytosis, and decreasing proinflammatory mediators which are risk factors for COVID-19 and increasing its severity. Moreover, ω-3PUFAs have many pathways to ameliorate various metabolic changes induced by viral infection. In this review, we attempted to summarize the available literature to understand the actual role of ω-3PUFAs that might improve or protect against COVID-19 and to determine whether it is possible to administer ω-3PUFAs as a co-therapy with conventional COVID-19 treatments.

Castration promotes the browning of the prostate tumor microenvironment

BackgroundAdipose tissue has gained attention due to its potential paracrine role. Periprostatic adipose tissue surrounds the prostate and the prostatic urethra, and it is an essential player in prostate cancer progression. Since obesity is directly related to human tumor progression, and adipose tissue depots are one of the significant components of the tumor microenvironment, the molecular mediators of the communication between adipocytes and epithelial cells are in the spotlight. Although periprostatic white adipose tissue contributes to prostate cancer progression, brown adipose tissue (BAT), which has beneficial effects in metabolic pathologies, has been scarcely investigated concerning cancer progression. Given that adipose tissue is a target of androgen signaling, the actual role of androgen removal on the periprostatic adipose tissue was the aim of this work.MethodsSurgical castration of the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) was employed. By histology examination and software analysis, WAT and BAT tissue was quantified. 3T3-like adipocytes were used to study the role of Casodex® in modifying adipocyte differentiation and to investigate the function of the secretome of adipocytes on the proliferation of androgen-dependent and independent prostate cancer cells. Finally, the role of cell communication was assayed by TRAMP-C1 xenograft implanted in the presence of 3T3-like adipocytes.ResultsAndrogen removal increases brown/beige adipose tissue in the fat immediately surrounding the prostate glands of TRAMP mice, concomitant with an adjustment of the metabolism. Castration increases body temperature, respiratory exchange rate, and energy expenditure. Also, in vitro, it is described that blocking androgen signaling by Casodex® increases the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) marker in 3T3-like adipocytes. Finally, the effect of brown/beige adipocyte secretome was studied on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. The secretome of brown/beige adipocytes reduces the proliferation of prostate cancer cells mediated partly by the secretion of extracellular vesicles.ConclusionsConsequently, we concluded that hampering androgen signaling plays a crucial role in the browning of the periprostatic adipose tissue. Also, the presence of brown adipocytes exhibits the opposite effect to that of white adipocytes in vitro regulating processes that govern the mechanisms of cell proliferation of prostate cancer cells. And finally, promoting the browning of adipose tissue in the periprostatic adipose tissue might be a way to handle prostate cancer cell progression.EECkevEGf-HMwkJP3j4bZsVideo

Analysing the causal relationship between potentially protective and risk factors and cutaneous melanoma: A Mendelian randomization study.

Previous observational studies reported altered melanoma risks in relation to many potential factors, such as coffee intake, smoking habits and photodamage-related conditions. Considering the susceptibility of epidemiological studies to residual confounders, there remains uncertainty about the actual causal roles of these reported factors in melanoma aetiology. This study aims to investigate the causal association between cutaneous melanoma (CM) and previously reported factors: coffee intake, alcohol consumption, lifetime smoking, socioeconomic status (SES), ease of skin tanning, childhood sunburn and facial ageing, providing insight into its underlying aetiology and preventative strategies. We utilized a two-sample MR analysis on data from the largest meta-analysis summary statistics of confirmed cutaneous melanoma including 30,134 patients. Genetic instrumental variables were constructed by identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that associate with corresponding factors. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary MR method. For sensitivity and heterogeneity, MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode and MR Egger intercept tests were examined. Cutaneous melanoma risks were found to be elevated in association with a predisposition towards ease of skin tanning (IVW: OR = 2.842, 95% CI 2.468-3.274, p < 0.001) and with childhood sunburn history (IVW: OR = 6.317, 95% CI 4.479-8.909, p < 0.001). Repeated MR after removing potential confounders and outliers demonstrated resolved horizontal pleiotropy and statistically significant results that closely mirrored the initial findings. Other potential factors, such as coffee intake, alcohol consumption, smoking and socioeconomic status (SES), indicated insignificant effects on melanoma risk in the analysis, and therefore, our Mendelian randomization study does not support their roles in modifying melanoma risks. Our extensive MR analysis provides strong evidence of the causative role of ease of skin tanning and childhood sunburn history in elevating melanoma risk. Curtailing ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure may be the single best preventative strategy to reduce melanoma risk.

God in the second book of Maccabees: The connection between words and deeds

This article focuses on God’s image and role in 2 Maccabees. My analysis will build on narratology, especially characterisation, and on the differentiation proposed by Barbara Schmitz in connection with the book of Judith: the distinction between God’s role as a character depicted in the narrative (God’s acts and statements) and references to God in statements about God by other characters in the narrative. How does this differentiation work out for 2 Maccabees? Does the book describe any miracles performed by God, and if so, do these take place within or outside the normal processes of nature, as God, for example, did according to Joshua 10, 11–14, which reports that God made the sun stand still at Gibeon?Contribution: Firstly, this article presents the results of a narratological analysis of 2 Maccabees. Secondly, since the statements about God and God’s actual role are prominent in the book, this analysis is important for establishing the meaning of the book for the narratees, the intended readers. Thirdly, this reading is relevant for theological studies dealing with the image and role of God in the contexts of early Judaism and early Christianity.

The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia (Rickettsiales) alters larval metabolism of the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

Infection of intestinal tissues with Wolbachia has been found in Habrobracon hebetor. There are not many studies on the relationship between Habrobracon and Wolbachia, and they focus predominantly on the sex index of an infected parasitoid, its fertility, and behavior. The actual role of Wolbachia in the biology of Habrobracon is not yet clear. The method of complete eradication of Wolbachia in the parasitoid was developed here, and effects of the endosymbiont on the host's digestive metabolism were compared between two lines of the parasitoid (Wolbachia-positive and Wolbachia-negative). In the gut of Wolbachia+ larvae, lipases' activity was higher almost twofold, and activities of acid proteases, esterases, and trehalase were 1.5-fold greater than those in the Wolbachia- line. Analyses of larval homogenates revealed that Wolbachia+ larvae accumulate significantly more lipids and have a lower amount of pyruvate as compared to Wolbachia- larvae. The presented results indicate significant effects of the intracellular symbiotic bacterium Wolbachia on the metabolism of H. hebetor larvae and on the activity of its digestive enzymes.

New insights into the genetic manipulation of the R2R3-MYB and CHI gene families on anthocyanin pigmentation in Petunia hybrida

Several R2R3-MYB genes control anthocyanin pigmentation in petunia, and ANTHOCYANIN-2 (AN2) is treated as the main player in petal limbs. However, the actual roles of R2R3-MYBs in the coloration of different floral tissues in the so called “darkly-veined” petunias are still not clear. The genetic background and expression of AN2 paralogs from various petunias with different color patterns were identified. All “darkly-veined” genotypes have the identical mutation in the AN2 gene, but express a different functional paralog – ANTHOCYANIN-4 (AN4) – abundantly in flowers. Constitutive overexpression of PhAN4 in this petunia resulted not only in a fully colored flower but also in a clearly visible pigmentation in the green tissue and roots, which can be rapidly increased by stress conditions. Suppression of AN4 gene resulted in discolored petals and whitish anthers. Interestingly, when a similar white flower phenotype was achieved by knockout of an essential structural gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis – CHALCONE ISOMERASE-A (CHI-A) – the plant responded directly by upregulating of another paralogs – DEEP PURPLE (DPL) and PURPLE HAZE (PHZ). Moreover, we also found that CHI–B can partially substitute for CHI-A in anthers, but not in vegetative tissues. Further, no significant effects on the longevity of white or enhanced colored flowers were observed compared with the wild type. We concluded that endogenous up-regulation of AN4 leads to the restoration of petal color in the “darkly-veined” phenotypes as a result of the breeding process under human selection, and CHI–B is a backup for CHI-A acitvity in some floral tissues.

Optimal Maintenance of a System With Multiple Deteriorating Components Served by Dedicated Teams

To maintain a multi-component system, different dedicated service teams with different skill sets and tools are often involved. Such a relationship constitutes maintenance team coalition. In most cases, it may not be the best to plan each team&#x0027;s maintenance activities independently as such independent decisions may not achieve the required system-level reliability performance (RP). To balance the reliability and costs of components in achieving a high level of system RP, an efficient method is to assign a failure penalty cost to each maintenance team and then develop their optimal maintenance policy. In this article, the Shapley value is utilized for fair penalty costs allocation to avoid any interest for teams to secede the coalition, whose actual role is to evaluate the criticality level of each component in the context of coalition. Moreover, imperfect inspection and imperfect repair are quite common in practice because of limited resources, technologies and time. To address these practical concerns, a new reliability-centered hybrid preventive maintenance policy is proposed. The optimal inspection interval and age-based replacement interval are determined for each team to minimize the cost rate over an infinite time horizon. Several numerical examples illustrate that the proposed decision-making method is effective in handling such complex maintenance problems involving a coalition of dedicated maintenance teams.

Actual Role of Groups of Determinants on Job Satisfactionin a Rapidly Changing Environment in Poland and in Italy

Actual Role of Groups of Determinants on Job Satisfactionin a Rapidly Changing Environment in Poland and in Italy

MiR-708–3p promotes gastric cancer progression through downregulating ETNK1

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, evolutionarily conserved, non-coding RNAs playing a role in the proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, chemo-sensitivity, and chemo-resistance of gastric cancer, as well as the stemness of gastric cancer stem cells. miR-708–3p induces gastric cancer cell chemo-resistance, but its actual role in gastric cancer progression remains unclear. This paper shows that miR-708–3p is upregulated in gastric cancer samples and that a high miR-708–3p expression in gastric cancer patients is associated with poor overall survival. Our functional study results indicate that miR-708–3p overexpression promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration, inhibits cell apoptosis, and facilitates the transition from the G0/G1 to the G2/M phase. Furthermore, reducing miR-708–3p levels yielded opposite effects. Next, our in vivo experiments revealed that miR-708–3p advanced gastric cancer cell growth in nude mice. The underlying mechanism was the regulation of ethanolamine kinase 1 (ETNK1) expression by miR-708–3p, which bound to the 3′UTR of the ETNK1 gene in gastric cancer cells. Finally, the recovery assay results showed that ETNK1 overexpression could slow miR-708-3p-induced gastric cancer progression. In conclusion, we identified a new miR-708–3p/ETNK1 pathway involved in gastric cancer progression. These results may offer new targets for gastric cancer therapy and markers for gastric cancer prognosis.

Role of Acetonitrile Additive in Enhanced Performances of Aqueous Zn Anodes

Zinc-ion batteries have been proposed as promising candidates to address ever-growing demands for energy storage and limited resources available for the currently used lithium-battery systems. Despite their promise, the apparent advantages of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (low cost and high energy density) are still overshadowed by uncontrolled water interactions at the zinc metal-electrolyte interface, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction and electrode corrosion. A number of different strategies – e.g., water-in-salt, addition of chelating agents and/or co-solvents – have been proposed to overcome the aforementioned interfacial problems. Among them, the addition of acetonitrile to aqueous ZnSO4-based electrolytes has shown great promise, with reports of improved Coulombic efficiencies and increased cycle life. However, the actual role of this additive remains unclear. In this work, we determine the mechanistic principles behind the participation of acetonitrile in enhancing the performance of aqueous Zn batteries. For this purpose, we utilized a combination of X-ray absorption and Raman spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic coin cell cycling. Our results indicate that the addition of acetonitrile perturbs the interfacial solvation structure, rather than the bulk. Specifically, acetonitrile does not penetrate the first solvation shell of the Zn2+ ion, but does modify interfacial solvation behavior, likely by physisorption to the electrode surface. The Coulombic efficiency of half cells was found to depend on electrode material, employed current density and capacity, and only moderately on acetonitrile concentration. Overall, this works points strongly to the need for systematic evaluation of battery performance in co-solvent systems, and provides a new framework for future efforts to optimize ion transport and performance in zinc-ion batteries._______________________The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan. http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan

The Impact of Shared Decision-Making on the Quality of Decision Making in Aortic Dissection: A before-and-after Comparison Study.

Complex surgical plans and consideration of risks and benefits often cause decisional conflicts for decision-makers in aortic dissection (AD) surgery, resulting in decision delay. Shared decision-making (SDM) improves decision readiness and reduces decisional conflicts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of SDM on decision quality in AD. One hundred and sixty AD decision-makers were divided into two groups: control (n = 80) and intervention (n = 80). The surgical plan for the intervention group was determined using patient decision aids. The primary outcome was decisional conflict. Secondary outcomes included decision preparation, decision satisfaction, surgical method, postoperative complications, actual participation role, and duration of consultation. The data were analyzed with SPSS 26.0 (IBM Corp., Chicago, IL, USA). p 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The decisional conflict score was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (p 0.001). The decision preparation and decision satisfaction scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p 0.001). There were more SDM decision-makers in the intervention group (16 [20%] vs. 42 [52.50%]). There was no statistical significance in the choice of surgical, postoperative complications, duration of consultation, and hospital and post-operative intensive care unit stay time (p = 0.267, p = 0.130, p = 0.070, p = 0.397, p = 0.421, respectively). Income, education level, and residence were the influencing factors of decision-making conflict. SDM can reduce decisional conflict, improve decision preparation and satisfaction, and help decision-makers actively participate in the medical management of patients with AD without affecting the medical outcome.

Convalescent Plasma Transfusion for Treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background and object The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a major global challenge with more than 200 million confirmed cases and over 4.5 million deaths till now. Unfortunately, therapeutic options are still limited and under trial. Convalescent plasma (CP) has emerged as a treatment modality based on previous use in similar viral outbreaks and early clinical trials, but there is still a controversy regarding its efficacy in COVID-19 patients. The aim of this systematic review is to examine evidence on the value of CP as a potential therapy for COVID-19 patients. Methods The current review was conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted on multiple databases including Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Wiley Online Library, Scopus and Google Scholar. Databases were searched for eligible studies using the following keywords: COVID-19, novel corona virus, SARS-COV-2, convalescent plasma, and convalescent plasma therapy (CPT). Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were performed by independent two reviewers. Clinical studies comparing CP combined with standard treatment for COVID-19 versus standard treatment only were eligible, including RCTs, non-randomized clinical trials (NRCTs) and case series. We only included studies published in English but there was no restriction on the year of publication, country where study was conducted or age or sex of patients. The primary outcome was mortality rate. Secondary outcomes were time to clinical improvement, need for mechanical ventilation, intensive care or hospital length of stay and incidence of transfusion-related adverse outcomes. Results Based on the selection criteria, 23 articles were eligible including 8 RCTs and 15 controlled nonrandomized studies of interventions (NRSIs). Nearly all RCTs had low risk of bias. However, the risk of bias was considered to be high in all NRSIs. Our review showed that CP reduced overall mortality significantly in only 3 RCTs and 5 NRSIs and improved clinical outcomes significantly in only one RCT and 6 NRSIs. The time to clinical improvement, ICU stay, and need for mechanical ventilations were significantly better in CP groups in limited numbers of studies. The overall incidence of severe transfusionrelated adverse outcomes was low. Conclusions Current evidence regarding the benefit of CP in moderate to severe COVID-19 is nonconclusive. Most evidence is derived from NRSI that suffer from significant risk of bias. Evidence from RCTs carries low risk of methodological bias but clinical benefit of CP is inconsistent across studies. CP seems to be associated with no increased risk of serious transfusion-related adverse outcome. More welldesigned RCTs are still needed to elucidate the actual role of CP in patients with COVID-19.

How the public perceives the "good nurse" in China: A content analysis of national newspapers.

Newspapers are a predominant channel through which the Chinese public learns about nurses and the nursing profession. However, little nursing research has been performed in China to investigate the newspaper portrayal of nurses, and how the public perceives the role of nurses in the Chinese context is still an ambiguous phenomenon. This study aimed to clarify the public portrayals of nurses in China, and to analyze whether there are changes over time in news content related to nurses in the national newspapers. A content analysis of the newspaper articles citing nurses that have been published since each newspaper was established. We selected two national daily newspapers as sources to systematically search for articles about nurses from 1949 to 2022. A coding instrument was developed to quantitatively extract the contents of the articles identified. Then, using a mixed methods approach, we analyzed newspaper content to show the roles of nurses presented to the public by the media. A total of 317 articles were analyzed. Nurses have been depicted with heterogeneous images in both newspapers with positive wordings and up to 28 types of public images. More than half of the articles portrayed two, three, or more types of images. Among the images of nurses identified, "overworked" appeared the most frequently, followed by "dedicated," "philanthropic and benevolent," and "with a sense of responsibility," and then "technically skilled." By analyzing the image of nurses in both newspapers over time, we found that images related to virtue have largely increased with time, while images about professionalism have decreased. Nursing continues to be depicted as a virtuous caregiving profession, often forgetting the wide need for knowledge, skill, and expertise required in the occupation. The public image of nurses portrayed in the national newspapers does not accurately match their actual roles. The public image of nurses portrayed in the national newspapers does not accurately match their actual roles. To actualize a professional role and increase social status of nurses, intentional image management is needed. Nursing schools, nursing associations, and nursing professionals should be more proactive in overcoming the stereotypical image portrayed of them and use the news media as a tool to invite attention from and dialogue with the public about the value of nursing to reframe the public's understanding of the expert role of the professional nurse in health care and to create a new and more professional image for nursing.