Actual Research Research Articles

Optimizing Drug Adherence and QoL of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients through Structured Health Education Based on Peer Group Support

Background: Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis frequently experience issues like non-compliance with treatment, boredom from prolonged therapy, and stopping treatment due to lack of recovery. This non-compliance can lead to drug resistance, therapy failure, reduced quality of life, and a higher risk of death. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Structured Health Education combined with Peer Group Support on medication adherence and quality of life among pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: This quantitative study employed an actual experimental research design with a pretest-posttest control group approach. The research included 38 respondents as the sample. The independent variable was Structured Health Education with Peer Group Support, while the dependent variables were Medication Compliance and Quality of Life. The research instruments used included the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) to measure medication compliance and the WHOQOL-BREF to assess quality of life. The Mann-Whitney Test was applied to test the study's hypotheses. Results: Structured Health Education based on peer group support is efficacious in improving patients' medication adherence and quality of life with pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: Nurses in the outpatient room of the health centre can apply the results of this study in providing nursing interventions and structured health education based on peer group support to improve medication adherence and the quality of life of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Developing a study tracker for guardians and students on Android mobile phones

The study aims to develop a student tracking app on a smartphone using the Andriod operating system. Two samples were randomly selected from a private school in Siem Reap for a 12-question open-ended questionnaire. The information obtained from this interview was analyzed as a content analysis method. Researchers used the analyzed information to design the program in Adobe XD and then created the program using MySQL to store and manage (Create, Read, Delete, Update) databases in Navicat. XAMPP is used to create Web Services. Write an API using PHP in Visual Studio Code and then test the generated API in Postman, which displays the data results in JSON format. Also, the development of Android applications uses the Java language with the Android Studio coding software and must display the results in the Android Emulator or mobile phone. All code storage and teamwork are done using Github and Git. After creating the program, the researchers put the test unit to find the shortcomings and discuss the results. Based on the development of this study tracking program, it is possible to view study results, study schedules, errors (disciplinary advice), general information, and holidays for parents and students; researchers can help solve organizational problems. Success is in line with the objectives of the actual research.

Assessing research output quality in agricultural economics

AbstractA strong research program is crucial for academic faculty, as it influences promotions, tenure, salary raises, and professional recognitions/awards. We summarize relative journal rating/ranking metrics from multiple sources, and for selected journals commonly targeted by agricultural economists, to provide insights on their perceived value. We also present combined results from a survey, measuring perceptions of agricultural economists in the US regarding research quantity/quality expectations for tenure/promotion, and actual research metrics from CVs of faculty in US higher education institutions who recently received tenure. We hope this article provides useful insights for junior faculty to better understand the assessment of their research output.

Legal obstacles jeopardise research in personalised medicine - experiences from a Nordic collaboration within rheumatology.

Personalised medicine in chronic complex diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is within reach but requires international multi-stakeholder collaboration. We exemplify how national implementations of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) have introduced administrative delays and created disincentives for data sharing and collaborative research. Our Danish/Swedish/Norwegian research collaboration (the 3-year NordForsk-funded "NORA" project) aims to develop a personalised medicine approach for the management of RA, built on the exploitation of unique existing data sources: longitudinal data from clinical rheumatology registries, research cohorts, nationwide health care registries, and biobank material from >20 sample collections. Data and results are shared and accessed remotely by collaborators at secure servers. New biomarker assays and patient-centric implementations of the results are to be explored, validated, and disseminated to patients and health care via the development of digital tools. Following the advice of legal experts at the involved academic or public institutions and private companies, GDPR compliance resulted in >20 legal documents to govern the collaboration (consortium-, joint controller-, research collaboration-, data sharing-, and a series of unique two-way data processing-, and material transfer agreements). Lack of agreed-upon templates, policies, procedures, and a shortage of legal resources have caused considerable delays. Thus, our research consortium has spent more time ensuring GDPR compliance than on actual research activities. The current interpretation and implementation of the legal premises (rather than the GDPR per se) for research collaborations caused unnecessary barriers and delays. Our experiences call for Nordic trust-based code-of-conduct-like framework agreements, and for harmonisation of procedures and templates, lest the Nordic advantage in research be lost.

Mathematical statistical methods for stroke prognosis prediction and their clinical application research

Abstract. Stroke is a serious illness, with a global disability rate of over 50% and a mortality rate of up to 30%, making research on stroke prognosis prediction of significant societal importance. This paper comprehensively analyzes the application of mathematical statistical methods in stroke prognosis prediction, aiming to explore how these methods can enhance the accuracy of prognosis predictions, thereby providing patients with personalized treatment plans and improving their long-term rehabilitation process. Initially, the article introduces the severity of stroke and the importance of prognosis prediction, outlining the diversified development trends in current stroke prognosis prediction research. Subsequently, the article detailedly summarizes 11 statistical methods commonly used in stroke prognosis prediction, dividing these methods into three categories: methods suitable for analysis at the initial stage of treatment, methods suitable for data processing during the mid-study phase, and methods for integrating all data to establish regression models. Through specific case studies, this paper demonstrates the application of these statistical methods in actual research, including the use of descriptive statistics in MRI image analysis, the application of T-tests and ANOVA in comparing different treatment effects, and the importance of regression analysis in establishing prognosis models, including linear regression, logistic regression, and multiple regression analysis when considering multiple independent variables. This research not only provides a precise method for predicting the prognosis of stroke patients but also offers theoretical support for medical teams to formulate personalized treatment plans, enabling researchers to more accurately predict the prognosis of stroke patients, providing more personalized and effective treatment options. This contributes to reducing the risks during the patients rehabilitation process and improving the quality of life.

Measuring Research Capacity: Development of the PACER Tool.

Evaluating research activity in research departments and education programs is conventionally accomplished through measurement of research funding or bibliometrics. This limited perspective of research activity restricts a more comprehensive evaluation of a program's actual research capacity, ultimately hindering efforts to enhance and expand it. The objective of this study was to conduct a scoping review of the existing literature pertaining to the measurement of research productivity in research institutions. Using these findings, the study aimed to create a standardized research measurement tool, the Productivity And Capacity Evaluation in Research (PACER) Tool. The evidence review identified 726 relevant articles in a literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ERIC, CINAHL, and Google Scholar with the keywords "research capacity" and "research productivity." Thirty-nine English-language studies applicable to research measurement were assessed in full and 20 were included in the data extraction. Capacity/productivity metrics were identified, and the relevance of each metric was data-charted according to 3 criteria: the metric was objective, organizational in scale, and applicable to varied research domains. This produced 42 research capacity/productivity metrics that fell into 7 relevant categories: bibliometrics, impact, ongoing research, collaboration activities, funding, personnel, and education/academics. With the expertise of a Delphi panel of researchers, research leaders, and organizational leadership, 31 of these 42 metrics were included in the final PACER Tool. This multifaceted tool enables research departments to benchmark research capacity and research productivity against other programs, monitor capacity development over time, and provide valuable strategic insights for decisions such as resource allocation.

A TÁJ- ÉS KÖRNYEZETFÖLDRAJZI KUTATÁSOK TÖRTÉNETE MAGYARORSZÁGON AZ 1880-AS ÉVEKTŐL NAPJAINKIG A FÖLDRAJZI KÖZLEMÉNYEKBEN MEGJELENT ÉRTEKEZÉSEK ÉS AZ MTMT ADATBÁZIS BIBLIOGRÁFIAI ELEMZÉSE ALAPJÁN

Since Humboldt, landscape is a core concept within geographical research. From the 19th century onwards, the main aim of landscape studies from a geographical perspective was to investigate holistically the interactions between the factors that shape the landscape. From the end of the 19th century to the present day, Hungarian-language geographical publications have always included landscape research, although in varying proportions and with varying emphasis. The complex approach and spatial analysis methods of geography have replaced them in environmental analyses since the second half of the 20th century. In this publication, we analyse quantitatively the content of the titles of scientific publications summarised in the Hungarian Science Bibliography, the Geographical Review of Hungarian Geographical Society, and present the trends in environmental geography and landscape research in Hungary from the 1880s to the present day. According to our results, the changes of wider social environment, the shifting paradigms within geography and the actual research problems had their influence on the frequency and approach of landscape studies – thus, different waves of publications can be identified.

Assessing Artificial Intelligence in Oral Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review.

With the use of machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a viable diagnostic and treatment tool for oral cancer. AI can assess a variety of information, including histopathology slides and intraoral pictures. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of AI technology in the detection and diagnosis of oral cancer between 2020 and 2024. With an emphasis on AI applications in oral cancer diagnostics, a thorough search approach was used to find pertinent publications published between 2020 and 2024. Using particular keywords associated with AI, oral cancer, and diagnostic imaging, databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Among the selection criteria were actual English-language research papers that assessed the effectiveness of AI models in diagnosing oral cancer. Three impartial reviewers extracted data, evaluated quality, and compiled the findings using a narrative synthesis technique. Twelve papers that demonstrated a range of AI applications in the diagnosis of oral cancer satisfied the inclusion criteria. This study showed encouraging results in lesion identification and prognostic prediction using machine learning and deep learning algorithms to evaluate oral pictures and histopathology slides. The results demonstrated how AI-driven technologies might enhance diagnostic precision and enable early intervention in cases of oral cancer. Unprecedented prospects to transform oral cancer diagnosis and detection are provided by artificial intelligence. More resilient AI systems in oral oncology can be achieved by joint research and innovation efforts, even in the face of constraints like data set variability and regulatory concerns.

The Rights and Rules of Birds in Islamic Jurisprudence

Mercy is considered one of the best and greatest subjects from the perspective of the sacred Islamic religion, and it is regarded as a good and commendable act. According to Islamic principles and foundations, in all circumstances individuals are obliged, even in dealing with animals, to exhibit mercy and not to act with stubbornness and anger against silent and voiceless creatures. Causing harm to animals is deemed a reprehensible and unacceptable act. Unfortunately, birds are also among the animals that are used as food sources in certain regions of the world. Birds have specific conditions and criteria; according to certain narrations, the meat of some species is considered halal (permissible), while the meat of other species is deemed haram (forbidden). In this context, comprehensive and integrated research has not yet been conducted, leading to the question of what rights birds have and which types of these birds have halal meat and which types have haram meat. Answering this question is a matter that requires further investigation; the author of the actual research has sought to reach a convincing answer regarding this issue. This research aims to explore the rights of birds and to delineate the limits of halal and haram concerning birds according to Islamic jurisprudence. Considering the title of the research and the scope of the topic, the primary research method is the descriptive method, where information has been gathered from library sources, along with an attempt to apply relevant concepts.

Metanoia and Ahimsa: Inputs in Inter-Religious Dialogue Between the Catholic Church and Jainism

The study aims to unlock metanoia and Ahimsa as fundamental doctrines of Christianity and Jainism, respectively, that can bring harmony and peace through their character of inclusivity and listening. These are also important traits to achieve the goals of UNSDG that facilitated total human development in various spheres of life. Metanoia is an all-embracing Christian concept about change of heart, while Ahimsa is a Jainist doctrine on non-violence and causing no harm to any life form. In interreligious dialogue, their inputs open doors for transforming potentials that can address issues in achieving sustainable development. Husserl’s phenomenological framework aids in finding meeting points that can bridge different religious strands. His phenomenological approach provides listening and suspension of judgments to bridge and deepen meaningful encounters. The research contends that both Catholicism and Jainism quest for spiritual liberation as a goal. Christianity adheres that metanoia is a way to achieve that where, through change of heart, it brings individuals to nothingness, shown in the unconditional love exemplified by Jesus on the cross. Jainism meets this view where ahimsa is the foundational principle in achieving spiritual liberation. Ahimsa goes with the other two pillars, namely, anekanta (multiplicity of viewpoints) and aparigraha (non-possession as lifestyle). Christianity and Jainism intersected in their aspirations for well-being and total liberation. Both agreed that human beings need to purify through righteous actions or positive karma. Aside from the e-library method, the research engaged in actual research collaboration with Jainist scholars that deepened the study. Through inclusivity and integration of common areas for social welfare achieved in inter-religious dialogue, the church’s agenda of synodality is facilitated.

A framework to assess the effectiveness index (EI) of the Indian SMEs to integrate lean and sustainability through combined fuzzy logic and systems approach

PurposeTo become a sustainable lean manufacturing (LM) system, an organization must be first distinctly cognizant of the terms “lean” and “sustainability” as they relate to the state of affairs of their particular industry and business. Next, the organization must identify and acquire the necessary qualities it needs to become sustainable in lean philosophy and its practices in the organization. The LM paradigm has been a top priority for many businesses; thus, this article is based on actual research done in Indian small and medium scale organizations to see how widely it is understood and implemented.Design/methodology/approachA framework was developed based on literature review and academic research. A preliminary analysis of a small number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that, conceptually, summarizes and demonstrates the concerted efforts that a company may undertake to increase its leanness. This conceptual model was employed to create a questionnaire that was administered to survey the SMEs of India. The information gathered through this questionnaire was analyzed using the model developed by the researchers. Then fuzzy logic and systems approach were used to find out the effectiveness index (EI) of the organization.FindingsThe EI for system leanness at different organizational levels within an organization is determined using fuzzy logic and systems approach for 48 SMEs in different clusters. The average EI of the system was found to be 0.336 on a scale of 0–1 which indicates that the current state of lean implementation and its sustainability is very low and poor in Indian SMEs. This article outlines the key model components and describes how they were applied to analyze the data gathered from an industry study.Research limitations/implicationsThe research aims to make lean continuously sustainable by surfacing and eliminating the wastes in the Indian SMEs whenever it appears rather than using it as a cleaning tool. The present study was focused on India’s southern industrial areas and it was difficult to gather the information around the country due to its diverse industrial culture and geography. Hence, more research and the comparative study of the same that takes into account the various regions of the nation’s industrial lean behavior can be conducted.Practical implicationsThe generalized sustainable lean framework analyzed using fuzzy logic and systems approach gives the current effectiveness of the leanness in SMEs of south India. This model can be effectively implemented in other areas of the nation to identify the scenario of lean and its sustainability and a final comprehensive model can be developed.Originality/valueThere is a dearth of comprehensive studies on the assessment of sustainability of the lean philosophy in Indian SMEs. With the help of combined fuzzy logic and systems approach, the model developed in this study evaluates the sustainability of the lean methodology using the EI used in SMEs by taking into account both the lean and sustainability factors as well as enablers like customer satisfaction, ethics, innovation and technology.

Reaction Optimization Experiment for Undergraduate Capstone Organic Chemistry Laboratory Course.

Molecular Structure and Organic Synthesis (MSOS) is an upper-division undergraduate (capstone) laboratory course for undergraduates majoring in chemistry at Xavier University of Louisiana (XULA). The course is designed for juniors and seniors and is based on self-regulated research and learning under limited instructor supervision. It includes a 2-step synthetic project, chosen by each student in the class from a list based on the Organic Synthesis periodical or actual faculty research and then carried out independently. In order to prepare students for their syntheses, we recently included a new project in the course syllabus focused on a reaction optimization that introduces the undergraduate students to the concepts of raising reaction yield, improving product purity, lessening the environmental impact of the reaction, and/or increasing its cost efficiency. A team of 2-3 students performs a preliminary experiment. A rerun by each individual team member incorporating his or her modifications follows this. The goal of this preparatory exercise is to enhance the students' soft skills, including teamwork, critical analysis of data, and scientific report preparation as well as develop a deeper understanding of the reaction mechanism to make calculated adjustments to reaction conditions for optimization.

Open bibliographic databases: in search of an alternative to Scopus and the Web of Science

In the context of the recent developments in Russia, such as the termination of activities of several major scientific publishers and the blocking of access to two prominent bibliographic databases, Scopus and Web of Science, Russian scientists face a challenge in continuing their research and contributing to the scientific and educational community. This article aims to explore the potential of open bibliographic databases as a viable alternative to these two databases in addressing the main objectives of scientific and educational policies. The research methodology employed in this study involves a content analysis of relevant sources that examine science as a specialized field of human activity. Additionally, various aspects of utilizing bibliographic databases in decision-making processes related to scientific and educational policies and during actual research are considered. A comparative analysis is conducted on selected open databases to assess their suitability for different stages of scientific knowledge production. The study resulted in the characterization of several open access bibliographic databases: Russian Index of Scientific Citation (RISC), AMiner, The Lens, Dimensions, and OpenAlex. The criteria used for the analysis were: volume of content, period covered, availability of filters, data visualization tools, data upload capabilities, and additional features. Based on these criteria, it was proposed to form a subject area research program using these open bibliographic databases. It was concluded that these databases can fully replace Scopus and Web of Science in terms of solving the problem of defining the boundaries of world science and conducting scientific research. However, at the moment, there is no alternative to Scopus and Web of Science for evaluating scientific results. The study emphasizes the importance of using open bibliographic databases in scientific research and the need to develop them further. The results of the study can be useful for researchers, scientists, and policymakers who are interested in improving the quality and efficiency of scientific research in Russia

Core-winding of Sodium Cold Fast Reactor Based on CFD Method Numerical Study of Flow Characteristics

Abstract Liquid metal cooled fast reactor often uses spiral winding wire as the positioning component of fuel rod bundle. Besides fixing, spiral winding has the functions of strengthening subchannel mixing and heat transfer. These characteristics have a very important impact on the internal flow temperature characteristics of the fuel assembly and the safety of the core system, so it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the flow field distribution of the fuel rod bundle channel with wire wound, the transverse and axial flow characteristics of the edge channel and its internal channel, the flow characteristics of the circulation and eddy current, the local temperature field, and the outlet temperature distribution characteristics. In the actual research, there are some problems such as high cost, difficulty and high risk to carry out thermal hydraulic characteristic experiment directly. This paper uses CFD fine simulation technology to study 7 rod bundles with wire winding, uses Fluent meshing to partition high-quality polyhedral unstructured mesh, uses ANSYS Fluent to conduct numerical simulation, studies the influence of the presence of rod bundles with wire winding on the distribution of flow field and local temperature field, and forms a mature and reliable simulation experiment scheme. The temperature change curve and lateral mixing phenomenon obtained by CFD simulation were investigated. The outlet temperature differences of side channel, inner channel and corner channel were investigated, and the convective heat transfer characteristics between channels were investigated due to the existence of wire winding.

The Budapest Tree-Ring Laboratory – Status report after 20 years of activity

AbstractThe Budapest Tree-Ring Laboratory (BTRL) is a fully equipped dendrochronological laboratory, established in 2002 at the Department of Paleontology and currently hosted by the Department of Physical Geography, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary. The lab has the proper sampling equipment for field work, a sanding workshop to prepare tree-ring samples for measurement and measuring-stages with software for recording and analyzing tree-ring data. Throughout the first 20 years of activity the BTRL collected and analyzed ∼360 living and ∼470 relict samples (including historical and subfossil material) from more than 33 sites distributed mainly in Europe but including a few localities in Asia. The most represented genera are Quercus and Pinus, both among the living and the relic subsets. Open access publication of the essential ancillary scientific information of the stored material will make the sample archive of the BTRL an actual national research infrastructure.

Знание и субъективация: прагматическая антропология Канта в прочтении Фуко

The article outlines a hypothesis about the influence of Foucault’s interpretation of Kant’s “Anthropology from a pragmatic point of view” on actual research of models of the subject based on scientific knowledge. Such models in­clude cerebral, genetic, immune subjects, etc., studied by a group of approaches in the history and sociology of science, as well as in philosophy. In the introduc­tion, a brief overview of the concept of the cerebral subject is given, the main properties of this type of subject models are derived, which differ from tradi­tional philosophical subjects, closed in the immanence of philosophical thinking. The subjects thematized in this group of approaches are multiple, partial and sit­uational (depending on the situation, an individual can adopt different models), changeable (circulating, they can mutate from practice to practice), historical and performative (they are embodied in practices). The approaches themselves are anti-essentialist in nature, since they imply a critical attitude towards the natural­ization of subjects carried out by sciences and non-scientific institutions. Their predecessor was Foucault’s thematization of human in “The Order of Things” and in the commentary to Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. It is shown that Fou­cault’s ideas can be traced in the discussed approaches to the study of subjectiva­tion based on scientific experience

The air transport research society world conference: A data science-based literature review on the years 2014–2024

The Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference is one of the major venues for air transport research. The conference covers a wide range of research talks, practice/industrial sessions, and research workshop activities. In this paper, we perform a data-driven analysis of the research abstracts that have been accepted and presented at the conference since 2014. We have grouped the abstracts from the ten annual conferences using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to map high-dimensional keyword vectors into a two-dimensional plane for clustering, analysis, and visualization. The major focus of our study concerns three directions. First, we provide a formal description of the actual research presented at the ATRS World Conference series by using methods from natural language processing and machine learning, leading to a data-driven classification consisting of 35 major subject categories. Second, we analyze the origin of main authors/presenters and their background, including their institutions and countries of origin. Third, we perform a network-driven analysis of co-authorships across abstracts to identify the role and importance of key researchers in the community. Finally, we provide an analysis of popular research topics indicated by authors when submitting their abstracts, and a set of major recommendations for future work, based on the insights obtained from our study.

Postbiotics: Mapping the Trend.

Since the consensus of ISAPP on the definition of the term "postbiotic" there has been an enthusiasm for publications in review form-their number being disproportionate to the primary research. The aim of this bibliometry is to analyze the bibliometric trends of this newfound interest in the field. Search of the PubMed database for review articles on postbiotics, published between November 2021 and June 2024. Analysis was performed on 92 review articles, the number corresponding to 2.9 reviews per month. China, Poland, Italy, Iran and India had the maximum productivity among the 32 countries involved; 21 articles were published in 13 journals with the highest impact factor, while 45 were in 16 journals with an IF between 4.0 and 4.9. The authors were mainly affiliated to universities with specialization in both basic research and technology, as well as food science. The top five publications regarding the citations received, published in Foods (2), EBioMedicine, Biomolecules, and Front. Nutr., have collected between 138 and 109 citations. The ever-growing number of reviews regarding postbiotics is perhaps disproportionate to the actual original research in the field. Further clinical trials would extend and deepen the subject and facilitate the drowning of more robust conclusions in relation to their effects.

Research on biomarkers using innovative artificial intelligence systems in breast cancer.

Cancer is highly diverse and heterogeneous. Accurate and rapid analysis of the characteristics of individual cancer cells, using a complex array of big data that includes various clinicopathological features and molecular mechanisms, is crucial for advancing precision medicine. In recent years, experts in biomedical sciences and data sciences have explored the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze such extensive data sets. The next phase of AI-based medical research on cancer should focus on the practical applications of AI tools and how they can be effectively used in actual medical research settings. Recently, translational research that leverages AI and comprehensive genetic analysis data has emerged as a significant research focus. This field represents an opportunity for groundbreaking discoveries to be shared globally. To further precision medicine in clinical practice, it is vital to develop sophisticated AI tools for cancer research. These tools should not only identify potential therapeutic targets through comprehensive genetic analysis but also predict therapeutic outcomes in clinical settings.

Tillage and land use management effects on soil organic matter and soil microbial biomass in a field network of practical farms in France, Romania, and Sweden

A reduction in tillage intensity, organic farming, and introduction of ley-grass periods into the crop rotation are means to improve the sustainable use of arable soils. The current study uses an on-farm approach to investigate soils from different practical farms in Northern France, Central Sweden, and Romania in comparison with previously published results from randomized field-experiments nearby. No-tillage generally increased the mean SOC and total N contents of arable fields in comparison with ploughing. However, this increase was only significant for the 70 % increase at 0–10 cm depth in France. No-tillage had no general effects on MBC or MBN and increased the ergosterol content at 0–10 cm depth in France and Sweden but not in Romania. Averaging depths and tillage systems, median MBC significantly increased in the order France (220 μg g−1 soil), Romania (324 μg g−1 soil), and Sweden (384 μg g−1 soil), whereas the median MB-C/N ratios followed the order France (5.6), Sweden (8.3), and Romania (10.4). The study region-specific changes in soil pH significantly affected covariate MBC and MBN in the regression equations for equal slopes ANCOVA models. In Northern France, organic farming and ley-grass implementation into the crop rotation increased SOC and total N contents to the level of the no-tillage fields. On-farm research gives similar results to long-term field experiments in France, Romania, and Sweden. For this reason, on-farm research on practical fields is an important, less expensive alternative to randomized field experiments, with a high potential for investigating actual and relevant research objectives. This will intensify exchange in knowledge between scientists and farmers.