Actual Purchase Research Articles

Research on content analysis and quality evaluation for online reviews of new energy vehicles

The development of China's new energy vehicle industry has been gradually transformed from past policy support to the survival of enterprises determined by the market, which forces the new energy vehicle industry to accelerate towards the market-oriented direction. We collected review data from online automotive forums and generated a corpus after pre-processing. Next, we extracted the statistical and topic semantic features of online reviews for new energy vehicles and clarified the quality evaluation indicators for online reviews. Then, the entropy weight-TOPSIS method was used to determine the indicators’ weights and assign values to the quality of online reviews. Finally, the quality scoring rules of online reviews were sorted out from multidimensional perspectives. The research results have shown that the statistical features and topic semantic features of online reviews on new energy vehicles can be used as evaluation indicators to construct a quality evaluation system. It was also found that the quality scores of lower-priced vehicle reviews tend to be consistent in different price groups, while the quality scores of mid-priced vehicle reviews are the most dispersed. The quality of online reviews varies significantly among other groups or models. The study results provide a simple criterion for consumers’ cognition of the value of online reviews. The results will enhance the ability of new energy vehicle companies to carry out online marketing with the help of online reviews and transform the purchase intention of potential consumers into actual purchase behavior.

Visual effect of air pollution on the need for arousal and variety-seeking behavior

Research on air pollution, one of the most common environmental factors, has primarily focused on its effects on physical, mental, and cognitive health. However, air pollution-induced achromatic color of an environment, which is a prominent feature of air pollution, has received little attention. This study explored the visual effects of air pollution on the variety-seeking purchase behavior of consumers through two scenario-based experiments and primed manipulation (Study 1 and Study 2) and one natural experiment using data from a local fruit chain store (Study 3). Study 1 tested the main effect of air pollution on the variety-seeking behavior and found that primed air pollution increased variety-seeking when consumers purchased beverages. Study 2 broadened the category and tested the mechanism, and the results indicated that primed air pollution increased the variety of purchased chocolates and demonstrated the mediating effect of the need for arousal. Study 3 tested the boundary condition and extended the external validity with actual purchases. The results revealed that severe air pollution increased the purchased SKUs by 22.9% and visibility reduced the moderation effect. This research extended the literature on the visual effect of air pollution by providing evidence of the effects of air pollution on variety-seeking behavior through the need for arousal. And, product managers could leverage the results by offering a greater variety of goods on days with air pollution to increase sales.

Using Game Theory to Explore the Multinational Supply Chain Production Inventory Models of Various Carbon Emission Policy Combinations

This study uses Stackelberg game theory, considering different combinations of carbon emission reduction policies and that high-carbon-emission enterprises may face various carbon emission reduction regulations, to explore the production inventory problems in a multinational supply chain system. The purpose is to determine the manufacturer’s optimal production, shipping, carbon reduction investment, and the retailer’s replenishment under the equilibrium for different carbon emission policy combinations. To develop the production inventory models, this study first develops the total profit and carbon emission functions of the supply chain members, respectively, and then obtains the optimal solutions and total profits of the manufacturer and the retailer under different carbon emission policy combinations through the mathematical analysis method. Further, this study used several numerical examples to solve and compare the proposed models. The results of numerical analysis show that regardless of the increase in carbon price or carbon tax, the manufacturer and retailer will adjust their decisions to reduce carbon emissions. Specifically, an increase in the carbon price contributes to an increase in the total profit of manufacturers, while an increase in the carbon tax reduces the total profit of manufacturers. This study also explores a sensitivity analysis on the main parameters and has yielded meaningful management insights. For instance, in cases where low-carbonization strategies are required, the manufacturer or retailer can effectively reduce the carbon emissions resulting from production or purchasing activities, thereby significantly reducing overall carbon emissions. It is believed that the results of this study can provide enterprises/supply chains with reference to their respective production, transportation, carbon reduction investment, and inventory decisions under carbon emission policies, as well as information on partner selection and how to adjust decisions under environmental changes.

Consumer Behavior Analysis and Open Innovation on Actual Purchase from Online Live Selling: A case study in the Philippines

Live selling in the e-market has been dominating e-commerce consumer behavior, raising competition among brands. Given that online purchasing and live selling rose significantly in the Philippines, this study aimed to assess the actual purchase of Filipinos from online live sellers. Specifically, an extended and modified theory of planned behavior was utilized and measured with 316 valid responses analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling. Based on the results, it was seen that the factors under customer perceived value and purchasing intention presented a significant effect on the customer’s actual purchase. The feeling of relaxation, trust, confidence, and service quality obtained from purchasing from online live sellers posed a significant influence. In addition, utilitarian motivation was deemed significant while hedonic motivation was seen otherwise. Among the behavioral domains, attitude was deemed the highest significant variable, followed by perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm. E-market and e-businesses could consider the outcome of this study to build on strategies for live selling and participation among online live sellers in the e-market. Implications were discussed for practical approaches in the e-market. Lastly, the application and extension of the framework used may be considered by future researchers to completely assess online market consumer behavior.

Analisis Yuridis tentang Aktivitas Pembelian Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) di SPBU Menggunakan Jeriken untuk Dijual Kembali Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak dan Gas Bumi

Law Number 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas that oil and gas business activities are divided into two, namely upstream business activities and downstream business activities. The activity of buying and selling fuel oil is usually in retail form which is put in a glass bottle with a liter size that will be sold to buyers who have previously been bought by sellers from gas stations where fuel oil (BBM) is one of the important elements in fulfilling the community's economy. Based on the initial observations of researchers, especially in Kupang City, retail fuel oil sellers cannot be calculated so much and usually, these retail fuel oil sellers sell in front along the road or in ordinary places, vehicles pass by by setting up mini kiosks or workshops. Therefore, researchers formulate the main problems, namely: (1) How is the implementation of legal regulations related to the act of purchasing fuel oil (BBM) at gas stations using jerry cans for resale in terms of Law Number 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas? (2) What are the factors that hinder the police in handling the activity of purchasing fuel oil (BBM) using jerry cans at gas stations in terms of Law Number 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas? This research is a research that uses the Empirical Juridical method. This research is a legal research conducted by researching regulations, primary data, documentation studies. The research aspects studied are Law Number 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas, legal factors, law enforcement factors, facilities and facilities factors, community factors, buying and selling fuel oil, cultural factors. The results of the study found that: (1) Law Number 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas in its implementation has not run well and is less firm against people who abuse fuel oil (BBM); (2) Factors that become obstacles for the police in handling fuel purchase activities are legal factors, law enforcement factors, facilities and facilities factors, community factors and cultural factors.

Electric Vehicles: Tracing the Evolution from Past to Present and Charting Future Frontiers

Electric vehicles (EVs) were recently reintroduced to the global car market. These are an improvement over their predecessors in performance and electric driving range. Although the uptake of EVs has been notable in a short period of time, most government goals for adoption have not been met. This paper reviews a growing body of peer-reviewed literature assessing factors affecting EV adoption. Several important gaps in knowledge are identified. First, there is mixed evidence of the effectiveness of government incentives in encouraging EV uptake and particularly little knowledge in regards to issues of timing and magnitude. The literature shows that public charging infrastructure is an important factor associated with EV uptake, though the direction of causality is yet unclear. Public charging infrastructure can ease range anxiety, particularly for battery electric vehicles, but there is little guidance as to the way in which government should best go about ensuring the provision of infrastructure. Lastly, the nascent EV market means that studies primarily rely on surveys about hypothetical situations. There is strong evidence that actual purchases are much lower than consumers’ stated preferences. Improving understanding of this “attitude–action” gap is important to better informing studies of EV uptake over time.

Teknis Komunikasi Dalam Peluang Usaha Photography Di Prince Studio Photography Padang

This final assignment of scientific paper writing is conducted to understand the communication efforts that can be observed in a professional interaction. In this case, the author focuses observations with the title "Observation of Technical Communication in Photography Business Opportunities at Prince studio photography Padang". It is a final study of scientific work aimed at exploring and analyzing the communication interactions that occur within the photography business environment, specifically at Prince studio photography Padang. In this context, the AIDDA theory (Attention, Interest, Desire, Decision, Action) is used as a framework to understand the communication process that occurs between the photography studio and its potential customers. This scientific paper uses a structured participant observation method to collect data. The results of the scientific paper show that in efforts to build relationships with customers, the photography studio uses the AIDDA theory as a communication technique, starting from attracting attention, generating interest, creating desire, encouraging decision-making, to prompting purchase actions. Additionally, it was also found that aspects such as visual impression, personal interaction, and marketing strategies play a significant role in influencing the effectiveness of communication in the context of photography business.

The Role of the Gratifications of Nutrition Instagrammers’ Generated Content in Developing Actual Buying Behavior for Functional Foods in Egypt

The change in people’s perception of the role of nutrition in health improvement has evolved a new concept of food with disease prevention characteristics called Functional Foods (FFs). This study examines the role of entertainment, informativeness, and socializing gratifications of Nutrition Instagramers’ generated content in influencing consumers’ purchasing intention and actual buying behavior of functional foods. It also aims to investigate the effect of these gratifications on the attitude toward Nutrition Instagramers (NIs) and if such attitude would affect the attitude toward FFs and consumers’ buying intention. Also, it aims to investigate the association between buying intention and actual buying behavior of FFs and the gender-moderating role of this relationship. A quantitative research method was applied using a survey strategy, and the data were collected from 456 Egyptians who followed Nineteen NIs and analyzed through Structural Equation Model (SEM) using AMOS 25 software. The findings revealed that entertainment, socializing, and informativeness gratifications positively impact consumers’ purchase intention and attitude toward FFs through the consumers’ attitudes toward NIs, and the more informativeness of NIs’ generated content, the more likely to influence consumers’ purchasing intention directly. Also, our results indicated that attitudes toward NIs and FFs significantly impact consumers’ purchase intention. Furthermore, our results revealed that gender strengthens the association between consumers’ purchase intention and actual buying behavior in favor of males. Finally, this study bridges a gap about factors that impact attitudes toward NIs, FFs, consumer purchase intention, and consumer actual buying behavior of FFs with a unique application of the Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) in influencer marketing.

Responsible marketing and the catalysts of the consum’actor: literature review

The concept of the consum-actor consists in the purchase of products or services that illustrate the social or environmental concerns of a consumer in order to result in a positive or less negative effect on society or the environment. This dynamic can be based for a buyer on several catalysts that direct his purchasing action. However, this can represent an opportunity for companies to adopt practices that are in line with this choice. In this respect, it is essential to design an offer focused on a competitive advantage through responsible marketing as a key success factor to attract consumers through a coherent offer. This literature review aims to create a link to know how responsible marketing is likely to achieve a reconciliation of the company with the demands of the more than ever emerging consom'actors, in order to be based in the envisaged empirical studies.

Structural Equation Model for Exploring the Key Drivers of Consumer Behavior towards Environmentally Conscious Organic Food Purchasing in Japan

This study investigates the influence of psychological factors and socio-demographic characteristics on the actual purchase of organic foods based on environmental consciousness. The theory of reasoned action and Hirose’s two-phase decision-making model act as the major informers to develop the research hypotheses. Through an online questionnaire survey, responses were collected from a sample of 275 Japanese consumers who bought organic foods based on environmental consciousness at least once. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze the data. This study shows that the key to promoting actual purchase lies in three factors: social norm, past experience, and willingness to pay (WTP). Attitude towards actual purchase negatively influenced actual purchase, and environmental awareness was the determinant for attitude towards actual purchase but not for actual purchase. Thus, only increasing environmental awareness is not enough to increase the actual purchase. Moreover, we could increase the actual purchase by making an effort to reduce the feelings of the unaffordability and inconvenience of organic foods, which also negatively influence WTP and negatively and indirectly influence actual purchase. This study finds that the behavior execution process is the main driving force influencing actual purchase rather than the attitude development process in terms of psychological factors behind organic food consumption based on environmental consciousness.

The Influence of TikTok Shop Service Quality on Consumer Loyalty Regarding Customer Satisfaction, Customer Trust, and Behavioral Intention

Technological advancements and Internet penetration have fundamentally changed the way consumers conduct purchasing activities. This phenomenon marks a significant shift from conventional shopping in physical stores to online shopping. This study aims to explore how TikTok Shop's service quality affects customer loyalty and behavioral intentions, specifically in the Yogyakarta and Central Kalimantan regions. Using a linear regression approach and the coefficient of determination, this study shows that TikTok Shop's service quality has a positive and significant impact on customer loyalty, with a contribution of 74.6%. Factors such as reliability, responsiveness, and accessibility are critical in shaping positive consumer perceptions. In addition, customer trust, which is based on consistent and transparent service quality, plays an important role, with a contribution of 65.4% to customer satisfaction. In addition, this study also found that TikTok Shop's service quality influenced customers' behavioral intentions, including intentions to repurchase, recommend the platform to others, and engage further. These findings emphasize the importance of TikTok Shop to continuously improve its service quality to strengthen relationships with customers and ensure sustainable business growth amid fierce e-commerce competition. By understanding and responding to customer needs, TikTok Shop has the potential to strengthen its position as an important player in the dynamic e-commerce industry.

The Effect of AI Agent Gender on Trust and Grounding

Artificial intelligence (AI) agents are widely used in the retail and distribution industry. The primary objective was to investigate whether the gender of AI agents influences trust and grounding. This paper examined the influence of AI agent gender and brand concepts on trust and grounding within virtual brand spaces. For this purpose, it used two independent variables: brand concept (functional vs. experiential) and AI agent gender (male vs. female). The dependent variables included AI agent trust and grounding. The study revealed that in virtual brand spaces centered around a functional concept, male AI agents generated higher levels of trust than female AI agents, whereas, when focused on an experiential concept, female AI agents induced higher levels of grounding than male AI agents. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the association between customers’ identification with AI agents and recommendations for actual brand purchases is mediated by trust and grounding. These findings support the idea that users who strongly identify with AI agents are more inclined to recommend brand products. By presenting alternatives that foster the establishment and sustenance of a meaningful, sustainable relationship between humans and AI, this study contributes to research on human–computer interactions.

Analysis of the Federal Section 317 Immunization Program and Routine Adult Immunization Activities, United States, 2022-2023.

The federal Section 317 Immunization Program, administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), provides funding to support adult immunization efforts; however, current information on program implementation at the jurisdictional level is limited. We assessed the use of Section 317 and other funding sources to support routine adult immunization activities among the 64 immunization programs ("awardees"). We conducted a survey and key informant interviews with awardees in October to December 2022 to collect quantitative and qualitative data on current adult vaccine purchase and program operation activities funded by Section 317 and other funding sources. We assessed total vaccine cost and data on vaccine purchase projections for each awardee with CDC's Cost and Affordability Tool for 2023. Immunization program managers or their designees from 62 of 64 awardees (97%) completed the survey; 12 awardees participated in key informant interviews. Of 62 awardees, 32 (52%) used a single funding source to support adult vaccine purchases, of which 29 (91%) used only Section 317 funds, 21 (34%) reported not planning to purchase ≥1 age-based recommended vaccine for adults in 2023, and 33 (53%) reported using Section 317 funds only to support adult immunization program operations. Key informant interviews showed varied operational activities among awardees, but 8 awardees stated the need for additional staff to expand adult immunization program services in health care provider education (n = 5), program administration (n = 5), and site visits (n = 6). Additional efforts are needed to understand how to better support routine adult immunization activities implemented at the jurisdictional level.

A Critical Exploration of Bargaining in Purchasing and Supply Management: A Systematic Literature Review

Bargaining with suppliers is a key Purchasing and Supply Management (PSM) activity but there is considerable ambiguity over what bargaining entails and the concept currently lacks a systematic treatment, despite its significant interest to PSM professionals. The literature shows that bargaining can be seen as an adversarial approach to negotiation (in contrast to more integrative/collaborative ones) and also the back-and-forth discussion over price and other variables between buying and supplying organisations to reach an agreement. In addition, many will move between fundamentally distributive and integrative approaches as the discussions play out. A systematic literature review of the Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, JSTOR and Web of Science databases was undertaken to address this gap, identifying 427 relevant journal papers that were systematically analysed. First, descriptive techniques identified the trajectory of published papers, methods, theories and their industrial context. Second, content analysis identified the key constructs and associated operational measures/variables of bargaining. Third, the constructs have then been ordered temporally and by areas of location (organisational/departmental and individual levels) to generate a model and inform a series of practice-based recommendations at different stages of the bargaining process. The findings will allow future researchers to use the constructs either directly in developing focused hypotheses to test relationships or as a basis for refinement and extension in cumulative theory building and testing. In addition, a series of focused research gaps have been identified, such as addressing the current contradictory findings of the effect of purchasing volume or organisational size on bargaining power.

The Fed takes on corporate credit risk: An analysis of the efficacy of the SMCCF

This paper evaluates the efficacy of the Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facility, a program designed to stabilize the U.S. corporate bond market during the COVID-19 pandemic. The program announcements on March 23 and April 9, 2020, significantly reduced investment-grade credit spreads across the maturity spectrum – irrespective of the program’s maturity-eligibility criterion – and ultimately restored the normal upward-sloping term structure of credit spreads. The Federal Reserve’s actual purchases reduced credit spreads of eligible bonds 3 basis points more than those of ineligible bonds, a sizable effect given the modest volume of purchases. A calibrated variant of the preferred habit model shows that a “dash for cash” – a selloff of shorter-term lowest-risk investment-grade bonds – combined with a spike in the arbitrageurs’ risk aversion, can account for the inversion of the investment-grade credit curve during the height of turmoil in the market. Consistent with the empirical findings, the Fed’s announcements, by reducing risk aversion and alleviating market segmentation, helped restore the upward-sloping credit curve in the investment-grade segment of the market.

The Marketing Strategy of the New-launched Product: A Case Study on Nissin

This research utilized the new products of Nissin as a primary case study to examine the elements contributing to the significant sales volume generated by the recently established Sam's Club in Shenzhen. Nissin has recently unveiled a novel product known as "giant cup noodles," which is being offered as a limited-edition item for a brief duration. The availability of Sam's Club memberships has incited a surge in consumer purchasing activity among both existing members and non-members. The primary objective of this research paper was to conduct an analysis of Nissin Cup Noodles in order to explore the various factors that may contribute to the effectiveness of its marketing campaign. These factors encompassed the package color, product distinctiveness, and the use of a hungry marketing strategy within the campaign. Ultimately, this report presented appropriate recommendations to Nissin regarding the maintenance of its widespread appeal across various age demographics, as well as proposing future enhancements that Sam's Club might use to foster brand equity.

Contract Theory-Based Collection, Updating, and Packaging Combination Strategies in Data Trading

In the data transaction process, where a single supplier collects and sells data to heterogeneous data buyers, its transaction strategy relies on the data’s value. In this paper, we measure the value of data in terms of volume and currency and analyze the whole process from data collection and update management to sales. The data supplier determines the maximum amount of data to be collected based on the willingness to pay and the cost of collection and decides the optimal update frequency based on the update cost paid to improve the data utility. Because data sets can be replicated and split nearly costlessly, data suppliers maximize revenue by combining data sets of different sizes. In the information asymmetry scenario, contract theory is applied to obtain the optimal data collection quantity, update frequency, and packaging combination scheme to maximize the profit of data suppliers under data buyer incentive compatibility and individual rationality and compare them with the information symmetry scenario. The results show that data suppliers will only provide personalized data sets to some data buyers, and the needs of some buyers will not be met. Information asymmetry causes data suppliers to reduce the number of data collections and the actual purchases by data buyers, and data suppliers’ profits tend to decrease. The surprising conclusion is that data suppliers should set up more frequent update strategies in the information asymmetry case than in the information symmetry case to sustain the decrease in data utility caused by insufficient quantity. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72071042 and 72201113]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2023.0018 .

Augmented Reality Advertisements within the Realm of Phygital Marketing: Case Studies of Advertising Examples

Technology has evolved to be a concept of constant development and innovation, significantly impacting both individual and societal life. It has become a fundamental building block that influences personal inclinations, choices, and decisions, and is already present in many phases of human life. Individuals react to technological advancements they encounter in their daily lives, as they are not just consumers in the current era, but also producers. The responses to technological advancements extend to influencing purchasing activities and shopping behaviors of individuals. This study has been developed to analyze the role and usage of Augmented Reality technology, one of these technological advancements, in the transforming field of marketing and specifically in advertising. The evolution of the marketing concept has brought about new approaches, as is the case in almost every developing field. Among these new approaches, the influence of digitalization is acknowledged. Within these definitions, the concept of phygital marketing is included. The phenomenon of transferring real-life actions to a virtual (digital) environment has given way to the transfer of virtual (digital) environments into the physical, real-life aspect. The term "phygital", a combination of physical and digital, can be summarized as the reflection of digital phenomena, especially in the physical dimension, into everyday life. One of the application areas where the impact of phygital concept in marketing is evident is the use of Augmented Reality technology in advertisements, which defines the scope of this study.

The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Social Media Advertising Perception

Changing technological conditions are reflected in our lifestyles and online shopping has become more common day by day. In this case, social media tools used sparingly have become a powerful marketing tool. The combination of advertising is the theory of communication and is done with the aim of making them take the purchasing action. The motivation that forms the beginning of purchasing is heavily influenced by emotions. The concept of emotional intelligence, which is becoming more important day by day, has achieved the success it deserves within the discipline.
 The purpose of this study is to measure whether emotional intelligence has an impact on marketing or prospective customers' perceptions of advertisements they have observed on social media. Depending on the situation of the study, it has been observed that emotional intelligence has a statistically significant effect on social media advertising perception.

Examination of Turkish-made products with the theory of planned behavior: A research on regular migrants in Turkey

This paper investigates the examination of Turkish-made products with the theory of planned behavior. The exploration of regular immigration, encompassing individuals relocating to other countries either temporarily or permanently for various reasons, stands as a prominent subject in current international research. This article examines the attitudes of regular immigrants towards products made in Turkey, employing the theory of planned behavior. In the research, where the quantitative research method was followed, regular immigrants residing in Turkey were selected as the research population. A survey was used as a data collection technique in the research, and the prepared survey form was applied online to regular immigrants currently residing in Turkey, and 444 responses were obtained. The obtained data were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS 26.0 statistical programs, and according to the research questions, correlation and regression analyses were applied. The findings showcase that the attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls of regular immigrants towards Turkish-made products significantly influence their behavioral intentions. Moreover, these intentions have a positive effect on their actual product usage or purchases. Notably, individuals exhibit favorable behavioral intentions towards Turkish products, which has a significant positive effect on their purchasing behavior. Since this study focuses specifically on Turkey, a host to one of the largest immigrant populations globally, and aims to dissect the impact of migrated country products on consumption preferences in multiple ways, it is important.