Actual Product Research Articles

Update on the NAEPPCC Asthma Guidelines: The wait is over, or is it?

As an asthma specialist, one is often asked to discuss the asthma guidelines. The challenge that one faces is deciding which guidelines to use as a resource for discussion or presentation. It often comes down to the following questions: What is the question? What message does one want to deliver? Where is the most current information? and Who is the target audience? This commentary will help answer those questions as it guides the reader through the new update of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines and then outlines differences between 2 widely used strategies for the management of asthma: the Global Initiative for Asthma and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma.

Product Entitativity: How the Presence of Product Replicates Increases Perceived and Actual Product Efficacy

Abstract Many studies document the benefits of presenting smaller quantities of products, particularly when differences in quantity relate to availability or popularity. However, we know less about the effects of quantity differences in contexts unrelated to scarcity, such as when products are depicted in ads, special displays, or online retailing settings. The present research builds on extant literature by investigating a previously unexplored question: How do product perceptions differ depending on whether consumers view a single unit in isolation, versus as one unit among identical product replicates? Five experiments demonstrate that presenting multiple product replicates as a group (vs. presenting a single item) increases product efficacy perceptions because it leads consumers to perceive products as more homogeneous and unified around a shared goal. That is, consumers perceive greater product entitativity when viewing a group of product replicates. As a result, the perceived and actual ability of products to deliver that function (i.e., product efficacy) increases.

Influence of different test conditions on the emotional responses elicited by beers

In the last decade, considerable interest was given to the measurement of emotional responses to samples. Such measures were designed to go beyond liking and better understand how the actual product, with or without a context, could elicit positive of negative emotions that help inform overall product performance. Products can be optimised according to their emotions profile as well as their sensory profile, and such information is valuable from a marketing point of view as it opens new doors for advertising, claims, etc. What needs further investigation is how relevant and how valid this information is. In recent studies, it was argued that emotional responses are not so much driven by the samples themselves, but by the context gravitating around the samples and around the assessors.To better understand the consumers’ self-reported emotional responses, the same 4 beer samples were evaluated in 5 different test conditions including a Central Location Test, a real and a re-created pub, and 2 Virtual Reality situations (VR goggles projecting a 360° video and VR combining 3D modelling and 360° photos) simulating a pub experience. For each condition, a CATA task including 11 emotion terms was performed by just over 100 consumers.The direct impact of the samples on the emotional responses were first evaluated overall, before being compared between test conditions and using the test settings (presentation order). The results show that although the samples were quite similar, they conveyed different emotional responses to the consumers. However, these emotional responses seem less strong than the one conveyed by the different test situations, or even the test settings. The presentation order, for instance, appears to play an important and consistent role on the emotional responses.

Data Based Parameter Setting Method for Adaptive Cruise Control

Recent years, advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) has been highly developed and widely used. Among various ADAS techniques adaptive cruise control (ACC) is the fundamental of longitudinal control. The tradeoffs among safety, comfort and traffic efficiency are the main issue in ACC design process. In this study, large amount of road tests was carried out to explore the circumstance characteristics in ACC usages scenarios. Based on statistical analysis of road test data, a method for ACC safety performance evaluation is proposed. Furthermore, the effects of parameters such as following distance, jerk limit and time delay to ACC safety performance are discussed. Finally, a way of ACC parameter designing is developed, this method can obtain best comfort and traffic efficiency after safety request is guaranteed. In this study, regulations and realistic constrains of production vehicles are considered. Different from theoretical simulation, production-oriented ACC system is restricted in maximum deceleration, maximum braking jerk, detection latency, actuation latency, calculation capacity etc. For this reason, all the analysis is based on statistical results and requests from actual products, no computationally expensive optimal method is implemented. The proposed method may not get optimal results in theoretical simulation but is very instructive in production-oriented ACC system design.

A study of optimal design support of global product family by structural analysis of solution space

Under globalization and diversification of customers’ needs, what is called global product family, which is designed in simultaneous consideration of product family and supply chain, is getting more and more important. However, since the design problem is combinatorially complicated, it is difficult to find out which is the optimal design solution among diverse alternatives. Even though the optimal solution determined from a mathematical viewpoint is expected to be effective in actual global product family design, some support for the designer is necessary for interpreting alternative solutions. In this study, we propose a method, which is an extension of the hierarchical clustering, to analyze the structure of solution space. The proposed method is applied to a simplified problem of global vehicle production for verifying its effectiveness. It is ascertained that a decision bifurcation diagram drawn by the proposed method aids decision making by providing with grounds on the optimal design.

Food Physical Processing Technology and its Basic Framework

During the development of traditional food processing technology, there are great challenges in actual processing efficiency and product quality, which also makes the application of modern physical technology one of the effective measures to solve the above challenges. To this end, the relevant departments and staff need to strengthen the research emphasis on food physical processing technology. This article summarizes the problems faced by my country’s food industry based on previous work experience, and discusses the basic framework of food physical processing technology from two aspects of physical methods and food processing methods.

Logic Visualization Algorithm in System Specifications as Companion Tool for System Designing and Testing

Abstract Formal methods are introduced into system designing and testing for realizing high-reliability system. However, the use of these techniques still remain restrictive, due to their redundancies. Most engineers fulfill their activities with natural languages, the specifications described in a natural language are indispensable. For applying the formal method, the specifications in natural language should be translated into a formal language expressly. While, the specifications in the formal language should be retranslated once again in the natural language for execution tests using actual software and/or product. Those redundancies are reasons why the formal methods cannot penetrate into actual industries. To solve these redundancies, algorithms for converting sentences in specification documents into semi-formal descriptions automatically, and visualizing logical relations among semi-formal descriptions are proposed in the paper.

Chip Power-Frequency Scaling in 10/7nm Node

The 10/7nm node has been introduced by all major semiconductor manufacturers (Intel, TSMC, and Samsung Electronics). This article looks at the power-performance benefit of the 10/7nm node as compared to the previous node (14nm). Specifically, we track the power-performance in high performance space, using Intel’s Core-i7 (Intel’s highest performance consumer microprocessor that uses the highest performance CMOS technology node) manufactured in Intel’s 10nm. The paper first looks at the scaling of the device power-performance from the Intel 14++nm node to Intel 10nm, using 3D TCAD simulation with dimensions obtained from actual product cross-sections, and also scaling of the interconnect capacitance node-to-node. Next, the paper does a comparison of industry 10/7nm node technologies (from Intel, TSMC, and Samsung Electronics). The paper argues that for Intel, in the 10nm nodes, the total chip power at constant frequency (energy-per-operation) has scaled by a much lower amount vs. the 14++ node, as compared to the 14++ vs. the previous (22 nm) node. The lack of power scaling can be traced to a reduction in current per device perimeter (caused by the increased device parasitic resistance and the reduced device and fin pitch) and to an increase in capacitance per fin (caused by an increase in the FinFET height). Proper scaling of the device is critical for chip power scaling (energy-per-operation) at upcoming nodes, especially as it applies to high performance microprocessors and for the data analyzed here this is not the case.

Patents to Products: Product Innovation and Firm Dynamics

We study the relationship between patents and actual product innovation in the market, and how this relationship varies with firms' market share. We use textual analysis to create a new data set that links patents to products of firms in the consumer goods sector. We find that patent filings are positively associated with subsequent product innovation by firms, but at least half of product innovation and growth comes from firms that never patent. We also find that market leaders use patents differently from followers. Market leaders have lower product innovation rates, though they rely on patents more. Patents of market leaders relate to higher future sales above and beyond their effect on product innovation, and these patents are associated with declining product introduction on the part of competitors, which is consistent with the notion that market leaders use their patents to limit competition. We then use a model to analyze the firms' patenting and product innovation decisions. We show that the private value of a patent is particularly high for large firms as patents protect large market shares of existing products.

Research on multi-stage iterative model solving method with resource optimization configuration

Aiming at the problem of unreasonable resource allocation in the existing coupling design iterative model based on efficiency constraint, the resource equilibrium strategy was introduced into the iterative model. In order to reduce the time cost of product development, a multi-stage iterative model with optimal resource allocation was constructed and the optimal resource allocation of each task group was obtained by solving this model. Taking the design and development process of an air purifier as an example, the validity of this model was verified. The research shows that after introducing resource equilibrium strategy into the iterative model based on efficiency constraint, the time cost of iterative mode in different stages decreases, and with the increase of the number of iteration stages, the time cost decreases first and then increases. The research results provide a theoretical basis for designers to reasonably select resource allocation mode and number of iteration stages in actual product development so as to optimize resource allocation and reduce development cost.

Analysis and Application of Grey Wolf Optimizer-Long Short-Term Memory

Long short-term memory (LSTM) is widely applied in both academic and industrial fields. However, there is no reliable criterion on selecting hyperparameters of LSTM. Currently, although some widely used classic methods such as random search and grid search have obtained success to some extent, the problems in local optimum and convergence still exist. In this research, we propose to use grey wolf optimizer (GWO) to search for the hyperparameters of LSTM. Through the method, the superiority of metaheuristic in global optimization and the strength of LSTM in predicting are combined. In this model, number of hidden layer nodes and learning rate of LSTM are set as preys, and grey wolf pack has a simple but efficient mechanism to search for the optimal hyperparameters. The benchmark tests on several basic functions were utilized, and the results were verified by a comparative study with random search, support vector regression and several other regression methods. Specifically, we applied this algorithm in predicting the degradation trend of the airborne fuel pump. As a result, the ergodicity and convergence of the algorithm are proved mathematically based on Markov processes theory. The benchmark tests show that the GWO-LSTM model holds for predicting data with low overall slope and high partial fluctuation. The application in airborne fuel pump shows that, trained by dataset with 5700 points, the proposed model could predict sequence of 300 points with root mean square error 0.617 after 30 iterations of optimizing, which is 2.512 previously. The result further demonstrates that the proposed algorithm is applicable to make prediction with high accuracy. Overall, the effectiveness of GWO-LSTM model is verified from theoretical proof to benchmark tests and then to actual product application.

Testing and Evaluation System for Cloud Computing Information Security Products

Abstract Due to the lack of professional testing and evaluation system for cloud computing information security products, the basic security of cloud computing information security products cannot be guaranteed. The establishment of a test and evaluation system of cloud computing information security products is provided, and the system is used in the actual product testing, to further promote the development of cloud computing and information security.

적합성과 안전성 평가를 위한 전기차 어댑터 표준에 관한 연구

Recently, many chargers for electric vehicle (EV) have been rapidly installed as the development and operation of electric vehicles have expanded. However, the connectors for charging EV are not uniform throughout the world and different charging connectors are used for each country or region, charging compatibility between electric car chargers and EV is not guaranteed. Many types of connectors are also used in Korea, but users are also suffering from many inconveniences. To solve these problems, many kinds of adapters have been developed all over the world, but there is no standard to test and evaluate the safety of related products.BR In this study, the usage and definition of AC connectors for EV charging are defined and the standards of AC adaptors are studied to test them to prevent the user from the dangerous situation. The standard of the EV adaptor is defined, and the actual product is tested according to the standard and analyzed accordingly.

Consumer Preferences and Purchase Perceptions by the Picture Image Types of Floral Products - Focused on Image-Based SNS (Instagram)

This study surveyed 311 adult consumers in Korea to investigate their preferences and purchase perceptions of floral products through the social network services (SNS) market. The consumers responded that they favored purchasing a floral product via SNS mainly because the products were trendy in design, with a significantly high score among those in t heir 20s. Among the a ge g roups, the consumers in their 20s and 30s found the prices of floral products sold via SNS less reasonable than the consumers in their 40s. Those who were in their 50s or older showed lower confidence in the quality of floral products and freshness of flowers sold via SNS. The consumers said that the picture images of the floral products posted on SNS helped guide their choices, illustrating consumers’ positive views of the images of f loral products on SNS. Although the consumers were aware that the floral product images were retouched, they tended to assume that the actual products would be s imilar to the posted p icture images. As for the impact of image characteristics on the consumers’ purchase decisions of floral products, it was discovered that the respondents attached considerable importance to the overall atmosphere. The preferred backgrounds of the f loral product images slightly varied between floral bouquets and floral basket products. As for the composition preferences of images, most consumers preferred images that were taken from the front, for both floral bouquets and floral baskets. The consumers preferred bright images, with high chroma in color, whereas they disliked images with low brightness. Based on the semantic differential scale, the consumers used favorable terms, such as abundant, refined, high-class, and elegant, to describe bright images, regardless of color saturation. In contrast, dark images were generally perceived more negatively. Although the consumers’ preferences and emotional responses to picture images of floral products varied according to the background, composition, and retouching effects of the images, no significant differences were detected in responses among different genders, age brackets, and vocational g roups. Overall, w hen marketing floral products through SNS, product information with images appealing to consumers’ preferences would support their purchase decisions.

Implementation of foreign experience of territorial defense state regulation mechanisms

Experience of foreign countries demonstrates that approaches to the organization of territorial defense are based on theoretical foundations of state regulation.
 In the US, emphasis is placed on improving the Department of Defense’s contractual regulation of public good contentment with an actual product or service acquired by the government or the procurement process itself, with a prominent role for the private sector, to which the powers of the state (legal, economic, and public territorial defense state regulation mechanisms) are delegated.
 In the UK, emphasis is placed оn the territorial defense of overseas (remote) territories as important zones that require defense responsibility in terms of ensuring the security of the nation and its overseas territories, protecting their citizens and their way of life, which are the duties of the government (economic and social territorial defense state regulation mechanisms).
 The territorial defense of France depends on state jurisdiction and know-how, and the idea of «a spirit of protection» that is developed from school age (social, legal, information, public territorial defense state regulation mechanisms).
 The concept and system of territorial defense, based on military service and aimed at increasing the combat readiness of the mobilization forces, by which the government identifies potential candidates for professional armed forces in Finland (territorial defense state regulation mechanisms: political, organizational, legal, information, public, economic).
 For China, territorial defense is the protection of the homeland for which the frontier forces of public security (legal, social and organizational territorial defense state regulation mechanisms) have been created.
 Polish territorial defense is based on training, equipment, cooperation and interaction of territorial defense forces with third parties (legal, social, organizational, cultural, economic, informational, educational and propaganda territorial defense state regulation mechanisms).
 Implementation of the territorial defense state regulation mechanisms of foreign countries provides an opportunity to develop proposals for improvement of territorial defense state regulation mechanisms as a component of defense reform.

INTERACTION ANALYSIS OVER SPEECH FOR CALL CENTRE

Customer Service Center is the second most important consideration just after the actual product. Also, customer service is one of the biggest contributors to the cost component for any firm. We aim to apply well-known data mining techniques to the problem of predicting the quality of interactions like those done in call centers and the problem of predicting the quality of service. The analysis of call center conversations will provide useful insights for enhancing Call Center Analytics to a level that will enable new metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs) beyond the standard approach. These metrics rely on understanding the dynamics of conversations by highlighting the way participants discuss topics. The main focus will be to reduce the average handling time, is a call center metric for the average duration of one transaction, typically measured from the customer’s initiation of the call and including any hold time, talk time and related tasks that follow the transaction. Get real-time solution. The main operations will be speaker diarization, speech to text, agent analysis, emotion recognition and other measures to help with the analysis. We will use RAVDESS (Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song) for emotion analysis, consisting of vocal emotional expressions in sentences spoken in a range of basic emotional states (happy, sad, anger, fear, disgust, surprise and calm). Emotion recognition is done by extracting features from the audio from its Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and passing it through a convolutional neural network. All of this will happen in real time as the call is taking place.

The power of the pen: Handwritten fonts promote haptic engagement

AbstractConsumers are increasingly bombarded with merchandise and offers, making clear the need for visually distinctive and sensorially engaging product packaging design. The current research demonstrates that the use of handwritten fonts on product packaging elicits an approach tendency and enhances haptic engagement, which influences product evaluation and choice likelihood. A pilot study quantifies the use of handwritten fonts in four grocery product categories to establish that the study of handwritten fonts as a packaging design element is a worthy one with managerial significance. Four experiments are then presented. Studies 1 and 2 use real products to show that a product label with a handwritten (vs. typewritten) font elicits haptic engagement and, enhanced product evaluations (Study 2). Study 3 identifies a boundary condition such that the focal effect is observed only for benign (safe and enjoyable) product categories, but not for risky (unsafe and dangerous) ones. Study 4 relies on a simulated store setup with actual products to illustrate the differential preference for products with a handwritten (vs. typewritten) font when choosing between brands in a benign (vs. risky) product category.

Identification of Bearing Faults using Wavelet Transform

This research is concerned with description of a scheme for bearing’s localized defect detection based on wavelet packet transform (WPT). WPT provides a high resolution time-frequency distribution from which periodic structural ringing due to repetitive force impulses, generated upon the passing of each rolling element on the defect, are detected. The objective of this work is to emphasis on the outer race defect, inner race defect and ball defect. In modern industrial scenario, there is increasing demand for automatic condition monitoring that reduce the gap between digital model and actual product. With reliable condition monitoring, faults such as machine element failures could be identified in their early-stages and further damage to the system could be prevented. Successful monitoring is a complex and application-specific problem, but a generic tool would be useful in preliminary analysis of new signals and in verification of known theories.

Co-catalyst and Metal-free CO2 Fixation into Cyclic Carbonates: COPs to the Rescue

The non-redox fixation of CO2 in cyclic and polymeric carbonates is regarded as one of the most promising technologies for small-scale CO2 utilization. Yet, most heterogeneous catalysts reported to date require the use of co-catalysts, harsh reaction conditions, and non-base metals. In this issue of Chem, Yavuz and coworkers report the one-step synthesis of a new covalent organic polymer that circumvents these issues.

„Sokkal több is lehetett volna, mint egy óriási iPhone” A technológia kulturális megalkotása és az iPad korai fogadtatástörténetének esete

A tanulmányban az iPad korai kritikai fogadtatásának egy speciális szakaszán keresztül elemzem a technológia kulturális megalkotásának folyamatát. Ez a speciális szakasz az az időszak volt 2010 januárja és áprilisa között, amikor az iPadet már bemutatták, specifikációi hozzáférhetőek voltak, de maga a készülék még nem volt kereskedelmi forgalomban. Az esettanulmányban főként az STS és a kritikai technológiakutatás eszköztárának segítségével amellett szeretnék érvelni, hogy az iPad korai fogadtatástörténete a technológia kulturális megalkotásának jól formalizálható esetét adja, demonstrálva, hogy a technológiához kapcsolt értékek és hagyományok meghatározó szerepet játszanak egy újnak észlelt technológia társadalmi státuszának kialakításában.
 
 ---
 
 “It could easily have become so much more than a giant iPhone” – the cultural construction of a new technology through the example of the early reception of the iPad
 
 In this paper I analyse the cultural construction of a new technology by examining a particular period in the early reception of the iPad. This was roughly a two-month long time frame in which pictures and footages on and specifications of the product were seen and known, but the iPad itself was not available for purchase and only a few could get their hands on the actual device. Apple announced the new tablet device on 27 January 2010, and the first iPad was available for purchase from 3 April in the United States. The time window in between the two dates is particularly interesting not only because of the direction that the critical discourse took: almost all the critics of the leading technology sites and magazines deemed the first iPad to be a useless and inferior device (as compared to notebook PC-s). But also because of the fact that all the reviews, opinions and reactions published at that time were conceived without knowing the actual product. Through analysing early product reviews, my aim is to show that opinions and judgments on a product are highly dependent on the mode of its presentation and on values and even emotions rooted in a certain technological tradition. 
 
 Keywords: Apple, constructivism, culture, digital technology, iPad, new technologies