Actual Physical Changes Research Articles

The impact of climate change on firm adaptation: the case of the wine industry

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to test the effects of climate change, as manifested in both temperature and rainfall changes, on adaptive practices in a sample of wine firms operating in South Australia. Given that firms’ adaptation to the external environment can be advanced through effective internal learning systems, a further purpose was to explore the moderating effect of absorptive capacity.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a survey as well as secondary sources to collect data. Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. To test the robustness of the results, alternative measures of temperature and rainfall changes were used.FindingsBy studying 207 wine firms, the analysis suggests that climate change is significantly and positively associated with adaptive practices. Further, as hypothesized, absorptive capacity positively moderates both relationships.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of a single industry in a specific location limits the generalizability of the results. Implications suggest that when the effects of climate change are considered the natural environment might be accorded salient stakeholder status. Further, when absorptive capacity is high, firms appear to adapt to climate change at a greater rate, suggesting that internal learning systems are important.Originality/valueThis is one the few studies in the business literature that considers the effects of actual physical changes in the natural environment on firm behaviour. Further, the paper is one of the few to incorporate natural stakeholder-based theory as a means of exploring climate change. The research paves the way for future studies of responses to such changes.

De estatura regular: Height and Filipino Bodily Representations during the Spanish Colonial Period (1521–1898)

This article seeks to contribute to the “history of height” in the Philippines by looking at Filipino bodily representations and height differences during the Spanish colonial period. From Pigafetta’s account onward, European chroniclers typically described Indios (natives) as having average, varied, or unremarkable height. However, during the nineteenth century a new discourse emerged: that of a short-statured Filipino. Likely the consequence of actual physical changes and nascent racial ideologies on the part of Spaniards, this view would set the stage for Filipinos to be typologizedas “short”—and for shortness to be problematized as a sign of racial and social inferiority. KEYWORDS: HEIGHT • COLONIALISM • RACIAL SCIENCE • HISTORICAL ANTHROPOLOGY • MEDICAL HISTORY

Nonlocality Versus Modified Realism

A large number of physicists now admit that quantum mechanics is a non-local theory. The EPR argument and the many experiments (including recent “loop-hole free” tests) showing the violation of Bell’s inequalities seem to have confirmed convincingly that quantum mechanics cannot be local. Nevertheless, this conclusion can only be drawn inside a standard realist framework assuming an ontic interpretation of the wave function and viewing the collapse of the wave function as a real change of the physical state of the system. We show that this standpoint is not mandatory and that if the collapse is not considered an actual physical change it is possible to recover locality.

The transition of young adults with lifelong urological needs from pediatric to adult services: An international children's continence society position statement

Children with urinary tract disorders managed by teams, or individual pediatricians, urologists, nephrologists, gastroenterologists, neurologists, psychologists, and nurses at some point move from child-centered to adult-centered health systems. The actual physical change is referred to as the transfer whilst the process preceding this move constitutes transition of care. Our aims are twofold: to identify management and health-service problems related to children with congenital or acquired urological conditions who advance into adulthood and the clinical implications this has for long-term health and specialist care; and, to understand the issues facing both pediatric and adult-care clinicians and to develop a systems-approach model that meets the needs of young adults, their families and the clinicians working within adult services. Information was gleaned from presentations at an International Children's Continence Society meeting with collaboration from the International Continence Society, that discussed problems of transfer and transitioning such children. Several specialists attending this conference finalized this document identifying issues and highlighting ways to ease this transition and transfer of care for both patients and practitioners. The consensus was, urological patients with congenital or other lifelong care needs, are now entering adulthood in larger numbers than previously, necessitating new planning processes for tailored transfer of management. Adult teams must become familiar with new clinical problems in multiple organ systems and anticipate issues provoked by adolescence and physical growth. During this period of transitional care the clinician or team assists young patients to build attitudes, skills and understanding of processes needed to maximize function of their urinary tract-thus taking responsibility for their own healthcare needs. Preparation must also address, negotiating adult health care systems, psychosocial, educational or vocational issues, and mental wellbeing. Transitioning and transfer of children with major congenital anomalies to clinicians potentially unfamiliar with their conditions requires improved education both for receiving doctors and children's families. Early initiation of the transition process should allow the transference to take place at appropriate times based on the child's development, and environmental and financial factors. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:811-819, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Impacts of Culture-led Flagship Projects on Local Communities in the Context of Post-socialist Tallinn

In post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe, the effects of urban culture-led flagship projects on the quality of life of local neighbourhood communities have only received marginal attention, while the overriding focus has been on promoting economic growth and internationalisation. The aim of the article is to identify the community impacts of culture-led regeneration projects carried out in the inner city of Tallinn in the past decade. Qualitative analysis of three inner-city flagship projects-creative campus, museum, and cultural hub-revealed that culture-led regeneration projects, whether public or private initiatives, are regarded as standard business models. In terms of their influence on local communities, the projects vary depending on their focus, the degree of engagement of local groups in the planning phase and activities, and the extent of actual physical change. However, in cases where local groups have been engaged, the engagement has been selective and has primarily involved the creative class. Local residents nevertheless perceive that the projects have led to overall positive changes in physical neighbourhood characteristics.

Body image change in obese and overweight women enrolled in a weight-loss intervention: The importance of perceived versus actual physical changes

Using the exercise and self-esteem model as a guiding framework, this study examined variables related to body image change among 88 overweight and obese women (Mage=28.4±7.8; MBMI=31.6±3.5) participating in a 16-week diet and exercise weight-loss intervention. Measures of body image and potential mechanisms of body image change (actual and perceived physical changes, self-efficacy) were administered at baseline, Weeks 8 and 16. Body image improved significantly over the study time-points (ps<.001). Perceived physical changes accounted for most explained variance (12–37%) in body image change (total R2adj=.21–.50). Improved perceptions of body fat were a particularly important predictor in each model (ps≤.04). Results support the notion that to improve body image, perceived changes to the body are more important than actual changes. Such information is integral to developing theories to explain body image change and interventions to maximize it.

What Are Orthognathic Patients' Expectations of Treatment Outcome—A Qualitative Study

Patient's expectations of treatment outcome are one of the key determinants of satisfaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate orthognathic patients' expectations of the outcome of orthognathic treatment. This study was a cross-sectional qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with patients with dentofacial deformities. Patients who were about to commence orthognathic treatment were recruited from new-patient clinics. Inclusion criterion were patients of any ethnicity 16 years or older who were about to commence orthognathic treatment to correct a dentofacial deformity. Exclusion criteria were patients who had previously received orthognathic treatment, who were younger than 16 years, and those with congenital craniofacial anomalies or acquired defects. The data were analyzed using a framework approach to management and critical qualitative theory, which involved identifying the main themes and subthemes. Eighteen adult patients 18 to 40 years old were interviewed; 9 were women and 9 were men. Most were Caucasian and 6 were from the black and minority ethnic group. Participants' expectations could be divided broadly into 2 main categories: expectations of actual physical changes and expectations of the effects that these physical changes would indirectly have on them (nonphysical changes). In addition, a typology of patients, based on expectations, was identified, whereby patients could be classified as metamorphosizers, pragmatists, shedders, or evolvers, together with implications and suggestions for practice. These findings represent a new insight into the complex issues of managing patient expectations and satisfaction. The clinical relevance of identifying expectations is not just to ration treatment or identify those who will make good or bad candidates for treatment, but to be able to offer them additional support to enhance satisfaction with the outcome. This highlights the need for a qualitative methodology to complete the full circle of evidence-based practice.

Gamma Ray Spectroscopy Tool: Environmental Effects

Summary Elemental analysis of inelastic and capture gamma ray spectra from specially constructed laboratory formations is presented. The analysis provides formation oil saturation, water salinity, porosity, and lithology provides formation oil saturation, water salinity, porosity, and lithology after accounting for elements in casing, cement, and borehole fluid. These data permit quantitative formation analysis for many borehole geometries and elemental contents. Introduction The Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Tool (GST TM) is a down hole NaI(Tl) based nuclear gamma ray spectrometer system, which detects gamma rays produced from reactions induced by 14-MeV neutrons irradiating the formation. Elemental data are obtained in two modes of operation: inelastic and capture-tau. The inelastic mode is based on a pulsed 100- sec timing cycle during which three spectra are accumulated:a gross inelastic gamma ray spectrum obtained during the neutron burst,a background spectrum obtained immediately after the burst, which is scaled and subtracted from the gross inelastic spectrum to obtain a net inelastic spectrum, anda 50- sec capture gamma ray spectrum obtained after the background spectrum. The net inelastic spectrum and the 50- sec capture spectrum are analyzed by a weighted-least-squares (WLS) fitting procedure to obtain information on the atomic concentration of carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), silicon (Si), calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), iron (Fe), and sulfur (S) in the formation. The capture-tau mode acquires an optimized capture spectrum (that provides information on H, Si, Ca, Fe, Cl, and S concentrations) and also measures the formation thermal neutron decay time, . The basic design and interpretation of both the inelastic mode and the capture-tau mode 3 of the GST tool have been presented previously. The use of inelastic neutron scattering for carbon and oxygen spectroscopy logging to measure oil saturation has been investigated for many years. More recently, the use of other elemental yields to improve the interpretation of oil saturation and to provide valuable information on formation salinity, porosity, and lithology has been demonstrated. While these investigations have emphasized the value of data on elemental concentrations for defining formation properties, they also have clarified further the advantages of having prior knowledge of tool responses under a wide variety of borehole conditions. The ultimate goal of the GST tool is to provide a measurement of elemental concentrations in the formation. These concentrations then can be used to provide detailed descriptions of formation fluid types and minerals. However, the measurement also is sensitive to the elemental concentrations in the region surrounding the tool, where borehole fluid, casing, and cement contain elements found in the formation. Since a gamma ray from an element in the cement looks the same as the gamma ray from that same element in the formation, the determination of the formation elemental concentration can become ambiguous. However, if the cement thickness is known, then the yield that results from an element in the cement can be obtained from laboratory measurements of cement in combination with formations that are free of the particular element. Similar techniques can be used to investigate the contribution to the spectral yields from other changes in the borehole environment. The potential number of formation and borehole conditions would lead to an unmanageably large set of measurements to determine all GST tool environmental effects. We have, therefore, obtained sufficient data from laboratory measurements to provide the expected response of the tool, in both modes of operation, to the most commonly encountered field conditions. The measured environmental effects data also provide the critical results for defining and testing interpretation models. The parameters that have been varied, with indications of the range of variation are shown in Table 1. Both open- and cased-hole responses have been obtained. For all cased-hole measurements, the casing is cemented. It should be noted that all laboratory measurements were made with a freshwater Type H portland cement. If, for example, other cements had been used, the results portland cement. If, for example, other cements had been used, the results would be altered by the relative elemental concentrations to those in Type H portland cement. Data have been obtained with a laboratory sonde and a GST prototype in specially constructed laboratory formations. The inelastic mode data were obtained with no external boron-loaded fluid excluder while the capture-tau mode data were obtained with a 5 1/2-in. [14-cm] OD boron-loaded fluid excluder. This corresponds to normal field operation. Although the absolute value of GST elemental responses may vary slightly with changes in tool design, the overall systematics of the responses reflect the actual physical changes in formation and borehole elemental concentrations and physical changes in formation and borehole elemental concentrations and will be invariant to small changes in final tool design. JPT p. 1527

The Surgical Treatment of Delusional Insanity based upon its Physiological Study

The manifestation of delusions is so striking a proof of aberration of mind that we seem tempted to inquire if the study of them will in any degree help us to an elucidation of the actual physical change which must either be the cause or, at any rate, the accompaniment of them.

FIBROID TUMOR OF THE UTERUS; DIAGNOSIS.

A knowledge of the existence of a fibroid tumor of the uterus may be gained by the diagnostician by first obtaining the symptoms as appreciated by the patient, the subjective symptoms; and further by acquainting himself with the actual physical changes by direct personal examination of the patient, the objective symptoms. <h3>SUBJECTIVE SYMPTOMS.</h3><h3>Pelvic Symptoms.</h3> —Among the early local symptoms of fibroid tumors of the uterus may be enumerated an irritable bladder amounting frequently to positive dysurea; rectal pressure; sensation of pelvic fullness; low backache or sacralgia, and frequently pain on cohabitation. These symptoms are all produced by a gradually enlarging uterus, and resemble many of the pelvic disturbances of early pregnancy, from which they must be differentiated. As the tumor enlarges the sensation of fullness extends to the lower abdomen, the pressure on the nerves to the lower extremities causes pain in the line of the nerves on the