Actual Object Research Articles

Network for forest by-products charcoal, resin, tar, potash (COST Action EU-PoTaRCh).

The COST EU-PoTaRCh Action establishes a network focused on the past, present, and future significance, production, and use of major forest by-products in Europe and beyond. The Action centers around forest by-products-primarily potash, tar, resin, and charcoal (PoTaRCh), along with plant extracts-which have been produced and utilized for over 100,000 years due to their unique chemical, biological, and therapeutic properties. The primary goal of the Action is to demonstrate the importance of these products for the socio-economic development of European countries and beyond, as well as their impact on biodiversity and the natural environment. The Action's objectives are organized into five Working Groups (WGs), each aligned with specific areas of interest: heritage, chemical characterization, archaeology, environmental history, and future perspectives of PoTaRCh materials. A key aspect of the Action is its support for stakeholders outside the scientific community who possess knowledge of PoTaRCh products through their use in industries such as production, education, and the promotion of forests' natural and cultural heritage. In doing so, the Action brings together stakeholders with diverse activity profiles, including museums, state forests, the forestry industry, associations dedicated to preserving traditions, and the tourism sector. The EU-PoTaRCh Action adheres to the three key principles of COST's inclusiveness policy: participation of inclusiveness target countries, gender balance, and the involvement of young researchers, including in leadership positions.

Reductionism and proxy failure: From neuroscience to target-based drug discovery.

Reductionist methodologies reduce phenomena to some of their lower-level components. Researchers gradually shift their focus away from observing the actual object of study toward investigating and optimizing such lower-level proxies. Following reductionism, these proxies progressively diverge further from the original object of study. We vividly illustrate this in the evolution of target-based drug discovery from rational and phenotypic drug discovery.

IMD-Net: Interpretable multi-scale detection network for infrared dim and small objects.

This study proposed an interpretable multi-scale infrared small object detection network (IMD-Net) design method to improve the precision of infrared small object detection and contour segmentation in complex backgrounds. To this end, a multi-scale object enhancement module was constructed, which converted artificially designed features into network structures. The network structure was used to enhance actual objects and extract shallow detail and deep semantic features of images. Next, a global object response, channel attention, and multilayer feature fusion modules were introduced, combining context and channel information and aggregated information, selected data, and decoded objects. Finally, the multiple loss constraint module was constructed, which effectively constrained the network output using multiple losses and solved the problems of high false alarms and high missed detections. Experimental results showed that the proposed network model outperformed local energy factor (LEF), self-regularized weighted sparse model (SRWS), asymmetric contextual modulation (ACM), and other state of the art methods in the intersection-over-union (IoU) and Fmeasure values by 10.8% and 11.3%, respectively. The proposed method performed best on the currently available datasets, achieving accurate detection and effective segmentation of dim and small objects in various infrared complex background images.

Теоретическая оценка эффективности применения одноступенчатых длинноходовых поршневых компрессоров в холодильной технике и системах сжижения углеводородов

The analysis of the main modern technologies for obtaining low temperatures and liquefying hydrocarbons using compressor equipment is presented and the most significant results of research in the field of low-flow compressors based on low-speed, long-stroke piston stages are presented. A method for calculating an ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is presented, adapted to the object under consideration, taking into account the possibility of implementing quasi-isothermal compression. A comparative computational analysis of temperature conditions and thermodynamic efficiency of a two-stage refrigeration cycle and single-stage refrigeration cycles is carried out during adiabatic and quasi-isothermal compression processes in the boiling temperature range 278 K ... 198 K. It is shown that in terms of the discharge temperature and coefficient of performance, a single-stage vaporcompression ammonia refrigeration machine based on a low-speed quasi-isothermal stage is comparable to a similar two-stage machine based on adiabatic stages. This allows, in relation to actual objects — small refrigeration machines and installations, to predict both the energy and technical advantages of using a single-stage scheme based on low-speed, long-stroke piston compressors. In addition, it has been shown that the effective use of such a compressor is also possible in hydrocarbon liquefaction systems, while ensuring their safe temperature conditions in a wide range of atmospheric temperatures.

The Pigeon as a Model of Complex Visual Processing and Category Learning.

Over the past 30 years, behavioral, computational, and neuroscientific investigations have yielded fresh insights into how pigeons adapt to the diverse complexities of their visual world. A prime area of interest has been how pigeons categorize the innumerable individual stimuli they encounter. Most studies involve either photorealistic representations of actual objects thus affording the virtue of being naturalistic, or highly artificial stimuli thus affording the virtue of being experimentally manipulable. Together those studies have revealed the pigeon to be a prodigious classifier of both naturalistic and artificial visual stimuli. In each case, new computational models suggest that elementary associative learning lies at the root of the pigeon's category learning and generalization. In addition, ongoing computational and neuroscientific investigations suggest how naturalistic and artificial stimuli may be processed along the pigeon's visual pathway. Given the pigeon's availability and affordability, there are compelling reasons for this animal model to gain increasing prominence in contemporary neuroscientific research.

浅谈中国肖像雕塑意境的体现

Portrait sculpture is an important part of sculpture classification.Portrait sculptures have a long history, but their origins are relatively late in China.In the process of studying abroad, Chinese elders introduced Western portrait sculptures to China.The combination of Chinese native art culture and western sculpture creates portrait sculptures that conform to Chinese aesthetics.especially in the context of consciousness.The artistic conception of sculpture art is to extend the limited time space to the infinite time space, which is to break through the small space and explore the infinite large space.From the aesthetic sense of art and trigger a fascinating sense of life, history.This kind of artistic conception is often the most impressive and moving place in the works.In a sense, the artistic conception is to go beyond the concrete objects and seek infinite time and space to sum up the philosophical feeling and understanding.This philosophical understanding is the meaning of “artistic conception”.The artistic conception is characterized by the coexistence of virtuality and reality.The artistic conception consists of two parts: the stronger part we can see directly with our naked eyes, called the “real” and the part we can't see with our naked eyes, but the imaginary part we can imagine, called the “virtual”.The virtual image is the sublimation of the actual object. The virtual image can embody the objective of the actual object, and the aesthetic effect of the work can be improved.However, the virtual world must be carried out with the actual object image as the carrier, in order to better convey the image of the virtual world.In short, reality and virtual reality are mutually reinforcing and mutually reinforcing relationships.This paper expounds the origin and expression of portrait sculpture, explores the artistic conception of famous Chinese sculptors, and explains the relationship between virtual and reality.This paper discusses the compatibility of traditional Chinese “artistic conception” aesthetics and Chinese portrait sculpture art, and explores a national development path for Chinese portrait sculpture art.

Problematic issues of forensic examination appointment in criminal proceeding and solutions

The paper presents results of study focused on practice of forensic examination appointment in Ukraine. A set of problematic issues, related to implementation of this special knowledge use format, is outlined. Identified gaps and flaws hamper the forensic examination performance in full scope – as a result, plausible statements or ones claiming the absence of solutions are provided leading to investigation process delays.
 This paper is aimed to identify the typical errors emerging in the process of collecting and transferring the materials for expert study, as well as formulate relevant solutions. In particular, the following errors are characterized: incompliance of data in decree on forensic examination appointment and supporting letter, incompliance of actual study objects and ones identified in decree, presenting questions to experts which are prohibited by the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, incompliance of forensic examination type, presented in the decree, and relevant tasks, incorrect packaging of the studied objects etc. Due to the abovementioned errors the process of forensic examination is suspended and expert files a motion on provision of additional materials, non-conformity acts, endorsement letters etc.
 Methods to tackle the analyzed problematic issues are provided, as well as recommendations on correct processing of required documents and materials for full and impartial expert study as a result of the performed research. Emphasis is placed on use of regulatory documents related to the appointment and performance of forensic examinations and its significance. It allows one to correctly: determine the type of forensic examination subject to appointment to ensure the study of the discovered object, formulate the expert’s task, select experimental samples for comparative study etc.

“Looking Glass:” Reflections on Mirrors and Transparency as Devices for Representation in Visual Arts

Today the locution “looking glass” survives almost exclusively thanks to the extraordinary success of Lewis Carroll’s novel Through the Looking-Glass. This expression underlines the ambiguity between the glass surface intended as a device through which we can see the world or as an actual object to be “looked at.” Apparently, the early Renaissance perspective window, thanks to the mildness of the Mediterranean climate, did not need any panes. And certainly, even when glass panes are there, they are usually not reproduced in painting. The glass main virtue is its transparency, which makes it almost invisible. Something similar happens with other “glasses” specifically made to look through them: the drinking glass and the lens. Glass panes appear to sight only when different practical needs come into play, as in perspective drawing machines, or when its transparency is contradicted by a precise action that compromises or denies it: when panes are broken, as in this enigmatic portrait of early XIX c., or voluntarily covered, like for a blackout, as in Duchamp’s Fresh Widow. Looking through the glass, looking at the image reflected in the mirror and, finally, looking at the glass itself, as a device for presenting and representing spaces, are three recurring attitudes in the work of Italian artists of the late 20th century, like Lucio Fontana and Luciano Fabro.

Object Recognition and Grasping for Collaborative Robots Based on Vision.

This study introduces a parallel YOLO-GG deep learning network for collaborative robot target recognition and grasping to enhance the efficiency and precision of visual classification and grasping for collaborative robots. First, the paper outlines the target classification and detection task, the grasping system of the robotic arm, and the dataset preprocessing method. The real-time recognition and grasping network can identify a diverse spectrum of unidentified objects and determine the target type and appropriate capture box. Secondly, we propose a parallel YOLO-GG deep vision network based on YOLO and GG-CNN. Thirdly, the YOLOv3 network, pre-trained with the COCO dataset, identifies the object category and position, while the GG-CNN network, trained using the Cornell Grasping dataset, predicts the grasping pose and scale. This study presents the processes for generating a target's grasping frame and recognition type using GG-CNN and YOLO networks, respectively. This completes the investigation of parallel networks for target recognition and grasping in collaborative robots. Finally, the experimental results are evaluated on the self-constructed NEU-COCO dataset for target recognition and positional grasping. The speed of detection has improved by 14.1%, with an accuracy of 94%. This accuracy is 4.0% greater than that of YOLOv3. Experimental proof was obtained through a robot grasping actual objects.

Profit Analysis of Taxi Industry Under the Sharing Economy Business Model - Take Didi Kuaidi as An Example

The emergence of the sharing economy provides the value reconstruction of the scarcity of idle resources, provides an efficient business model for economic growth and transformation, and becomes an important driver of supply-side reform. Didi Kuaidi is a combination of transportation and the Internet, that is, a form of application that combines actual objects with the Internet. For people's travel, it can also better meet people's short-distance needs, and a new business model makes it have a larger commercial space. At present, Didi Kuaidi ranks in the forefront of domestic Didi Kuaidi operators and seems to be able to sit in Diaoyutai from the perspective of scale. However, Didi Kuaidi still faces many challenges. This paper analyzes the connotation and role of the sharing economy, expounds the operating mechanism and development status of the sharing economy business model, and then makes a case analysis of Didi Kuaidi's business model. It puts forward policy suggestions for the healthy and sustainable development of the sharing economy, including focusing on the construction of Didi Kuaidi, improving service management procedures, actively realizing automated system operation, rational business operation, transforming operating costs, and expanding Didi Kuaidi's promotion methods. It is of great significance to the development of Didi Kuaidi.

Walt Whitman’s Trunk

Whitman is often thought of as a chaotic creator, leaving behind an ocean of messy manuscripts, flimsy scraps, scribbled notes, and endless clippings. Nonetheless, this essay argues, storage of his manuscripts and previously printed work was a pressing concern for Whitman in his early and mid-career, occupying his mind even during major life crises. Importantly, he wasn’t concerned merely with preserving a bibliographic record but with maintaining a resource for future work. Whitman developed a means of accessing his past writings in a mobile form — a trunk as both an actual object and symbol — as he relocated frequently from place to place. This article presents newly identified, almost word for word, borrowings in the 1860–1861 “Brooklyniana” series, taken from his 1849–1850 “Traveling Bachelor” series. It connects these new findings to recently identified reviews from the late 1840s appearing almost verbatim in Whitman-edited papers hundreds of miles apart. Framing the “trunk” as both a historical, physical storage medium and an icon of archival practice on the move, “Whitman’s Trunk” proposes a new reading of Whitman as a meticulous record keeper and careful practitioner of nineteenth-century copy & paste authorship.

Ontological modeling of the psychological field of a play

Ontological modeling of the psychological field of a play

Review of Augmented Reality Glasses that Benefits those who have Impaired Eyesight

With the ability to improve their perspective of the environment and give useful information and support, augmented reality (AR) has the ability to be extremely helpful for people with disabilities. It is an interactive experience that uses perceptual data produced by computers to enrich the actual environment. Augmented reality uses software, applications, and hardware like AR glasses to superimpose digital material on actual settings and objects. This study article explains how augmented reality benefits persons who are blind or visually impaired, as well as the tools and materials that are utilised for them. This study also discusses a few technologies that will be combined with augmented reality to reach higher levels in the future.

An Augmented Reality-Assisted Disassembly Approach for End-of-Life Vehicle Power Batteries

The rapid expansion of the global electric vehicle industry has presented significant challenges in the management of end-of-life power batteries. Retired power batteries contain valuable resources, such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and other metals, which can be recycled and reused in various applications. The existing disassembly processes rely on manual operations that are time-consuming, labour-intensive, and prone to errors. This research proposes an intelligent augmented reality (AR)-assisted disassembly approach that aims to increase disassembly efficiency by providing scene awareness and visual guidance to operators in real-time. The approach starts by employing a deep learning-based instance segmentation method to process the Red-Green-Blue-Dept (RGB-D) data of the disassembly scene. The segmentation method segments the disassembly object instances and reconstructs their point cloud representation, given the corresponding depth information obtained from the instance masks. In addition, to estimate the pose of the disassembly target in the scene and assess their disassembly status, an iterative closed point algorithm is used to align the segmented point cloud instances with the actual disassembly objects. The acquired information is then utilised for the generation of AR instructions, decreasing the need for frequent user interaction during the disassembly processes. To verify the feasibility of the AR-assisted disassembly system, experiments were conducted on end-of-life vehicle power batteries. The results demonstrated that this approach significantly enhanced disassembly efficiency and decreased the frequency of disassembly errors. Consequently, the findings indicate that the proposed approach is effective and holds promise for large-scale industrial recycling and disassembly operations.

Modelling Internal Leakage in the Automatic Transmission Electro-Hydraulic Controller, Taking into Account Operating Conditions

The basic malfunction of automatic transmissions (ATs) is oil flow through hydraulic precision pair clearances called an “internal leakage”, leading to difficulties in controlling the AT. There are no sufficiently accurate methods for assessing the impact of “internal leakage” on the AT technical condition in the course of operation. A proprietary hydraulic precision pair internal leak flow model has been proposed in the paper. The novelty of the model is applying electro-hydraulic controller precision pair clearance values as data that was determined through measurements involving an actual object with a specific AT operation period. The authors conduct variant tests of the model to determine the total AT hydraulic system controller leakage. Reduced oil viscosity (approx. 20%) results in internal leakage increasing by 25%. Significant wear of the controller’s precision pair and increased oil temperature (above 80 °C) lead to internal leakage increasing by more than 50% and oil pressure decreasing below the permissible value.

Influence of the reference surface and AFM tip on the radius and roundness measurement of micro spheres

The performance of tactile and optical surface sensors for nano and micro coordinate measuring machines is currently limited by the lack of precisely characterised micro spheres, since established strategies have mainly been developed for spheres in the range of millimetres or above. We have, therefore, recently focused our research efforts towards a novel strategy for the characterisation of spheres in the sub-millimetre range. It is based on a set of atomic force microscope (AFM) surface scans in conjunction with a stitching algorithm. To obtain an uncertainty statement, the uncertainty about the shape of the reference surface needs to be propagated via the shape of the AFM tip to the actual measurement object. However, the sampling process of an AFM is non-linear and the processing of AFM scans requires complex algorithms. We have, therefore, recently begun to model the characterisation of micro spheres through simulations. In this contribution, this model is extended by the influence of the tip and reference surface. The influence of the tip’s shape and reference surface is investigated through virtual and real experiments. The shape of the tip is varied by using tips with mean radii of 200 nm and 2 μm while sampling the same ruby sphere with a mean radius of 150 μm. In general, the simulation results imply that an uncertainty of less then 10 nm is achievable. However, an experimental validation of the model is still pending. The experimental investigations were limited by the lack of a suitable cleaning strategy for micro parts, which demonstrates the need for further investigations in this area. Although the characterisation of a full sphere has already been demonstrated, the investigations in this contribution are limited to equator measurements.

Bounds and Constructions of Parent Identifying Schemes via the Algorithmic Version of the Lovász Local Lemma

The usefulness of Identifiable Parent Property (IPP) schemes in diverse scenarios has led to several distinct but related concepts. This work focuses on three of these concepts: “classical” IPP codes, Multimedia IPP codes, and IPP set systems. Although several existence bounds for all of the above schemes are known, constructions are scarce. In this paper, we present explicit constructions of all mentioned IPP notions, in the form of combinatorial objects. Our discussion follows a systematic procedure. First, we use the Lovász Local Lemma (LLL) to obtain existence bounds for the object to be constructed. The bounds derived essentially match the previously best-known ones. Additionally, our proof strategy enables for further development. It allows us to use the Moser-Tardos algorithmic version of the LLL in order to construct, with polynomial complexity, the actual objects. Moreover, we extend the results of Giotis et al. to precisely establish the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms.

Jilali Gharbaoui and Decolonization

This paper proposes a new reading of Moroccan abstract painter Jilali Gharbaoui through the lens of decolonization. Gharbaoui fits uncomfortably into the narrative of modernism in Morocco. Unlike other painters, interested in direct connections between their shapes or abstractions and traditional visual culture or Islamic art as a postcolonial claim of local identity, Gharbaoui’s work is more elusive. Many critics have framed his abstraction primarily through his schizophrenia, as Gharbaoui died from suicide in 1971; this continual recourse to biography over the actual art objects puts Gharbaoui definitively at the margins of narratives of modernism. Moreover, this analysis precludes close attention to the ways in which Gharbaoui, like other painters of his generation, was shaped by the discourses of decolonization and the role that art could play in the new nation. Within this paper, in contrast, staying close to the work itself allows the possibility to understand the active ways in which Gharbaoui was negotiating questions of what postcolonial modernism could be. He sought to position himself as an international artist that was continually trying to bypass traditional aesthetics as a statement about modernity, but equally saw himself as deeply marked by his homeland. Read in dialogue and confrontation with cosmopolitanism, Gharbaoui’s oeuvre can be analyzed in terms of the multiple ways in which Gharbaoui tried to understand the materiality of the art itself, his relationship to the space of production, and the political stakes of abstraction.

The Sword of Roland in La Serenissima: Materiality and the Occult in Late Medieval Venice

Among the many recipes contained within a fifteenth-century book of secrets housed in Venice’s Biblioteca Marciana, there is a singularly unique one that offers to create the ‘Sword of Roland the Paladin’. The recipe, supposedly learned from a necromancer from Bologna, would create a solution from a mélange of herbs and alchemical salts and would purportedly invest the blade with occult powers. This recipe for creating the ‘Sword of Roland’ promises the potential of an object, rather than an actual physical thing. Nonetheless, this specific recipe offers an exceptional lens through which to investigate the intersection of material objects and magic in the late medieval Mediterranean Basin. It does so in four ways: in the physical space of the Biblioteca Marciana, in the physical codex in which the recipe is found, in the actual objects required to make the solution and in the very urban space of Venice itself.

Insights from the Meaning First Approach and cognition into denominal verbs in child language: <em>Cherrying</em> means ‘eating cherries’, not ‘becoming like a cherry’

We experimentally investigate the meaning of denominal verbs in child and adult Romanian using a semi-artificial/semi-nonce denominal verb (SAD) paradigm, i.e., using non-existent verbs derived from familiar nouns (a cireşi ‘to cherry’). Importantly, the SAD paradigm allows us to probe into meaning formation without the lexical bias of existing verbs. To see whether children have difficulties understanding SAD verbs in linguistic contexts, we conducted a Contextual Denominal Task. Children were asked to select a matching picture after hearing sentences with SAD verbs in linguistic contexts biasing them for a particular interpretation. Children generally opted for a literal interpretation of a cireşi ‘to cherry’, involving the actual object cherry (‘to pick/eat cherries’), over a figurative interpretation such as a deveni (roşie) ca cireaşa ‘to become (red) like a cherry’, i.e., ‘to blush’ even in figurative-biasing contexts (like Mary cherried when John told her she was beautiful). In order to see whether children perform better when the meaning is made explicit or whether they have a general difficulty with figurative meanings (whether implicit or explicit), we also conducted an Explicit Denominal Paraphrase Task, where children were instead exposed to the corresponding denominal paraphrases (e.g., a deveni ca cireaşa ‘to become like a cherry’). Children performed almost adult-like when the figurative meaning was more explicit. We account for our findings within a Meaning First Approach (Sauerland & Alexiadou 2020; Guasti, Alexiadou & Sauerland 2023), which assumes that compressed meaning is hard, and that decompressing words is subject to two possible principles: (structural and conceptual) simplicity and plausibility. While adults tend to observe plausibility, children prefer simplicity more, generally opting for literal readings, which merge the light verb DO or similar verbs with nouns (Hale & Keyser 2002; Kiparsky 1997).