Actual Life Research Articles

29.1: A Real‐time On‐line Illumination and Light Decline Monitoring Technology

Mask plays major role in the photolithography process during whole TFT manufacturing. The photolithography process transfers the desired pattern on mask into panel substrate, which forms some portions of device and performs some electric or optical functions. Due to pattern continuously duplicated, a correct pattern shape of mask is very important in the photolithography process. An abnormal pattern will results in huge loss of yield and cost.The haze, a foreign matter grown or deposited on the surface of mask, is already a prevalent phenomenon in TFT photolithography manufacturing or well known in semiconductor manufacturing. It is already well identified that it is highly related to the storage environment of mask, that is, the so called AMC (Airborne Molecular Contamination).A summarized mask haze classification based on past industrial service experience is proposed and a case study result with haze sampling at the site of mask manufacturer is followed in this review to show the understanding of the recently state of the art about mask haze in TFT industry.With the development of industrial technology, the clean room area of TFT panel and semiconductor plant construction project is getting larger and larger (a single clean area of 100,000 square meters), and the investment cost is getting higher and higher. The owners have higher and higher requirements on the cost control and intelligence of the project, including plant construction cost, operating cost and energy saving, which have been highly concerned by the owners. In the actual execution of TFT panels and semiconductor projects, owners often hear the problems about clean room lighting system, which are summarized as follows: The illumination required by the process is 400lux, and the initial design is 600lux. By artificially opening the number of lamps, the attenuation problem of the light source for a long time in the later period is compensated. The owner needs to close several circuits of lamps in the early stage to meet the illuminance requirements of the clean room. If the lamps and lanterns are not closed in the early stage, part of the operation cost and energy waste will be caused; With the passage of time, the illumination of clean room will also decrease with time, and when to what illumination should be opened several circuit lamps, in order to meet the needs of clean room process? But also not waste energy and so on; With the operation of the plant, when can the illumination of the clean room lamps and lanterns not meet the requirements of the process when they are all opened? And when do light fixtures need to be replaced? Part of the lamps are broken. Whether the illuminance of the clean room in this area is much lux, and whether it meets the illuminance demand of the process, etc.; In the illuminance test when the project is completed and handed over to the owner, it is usually done by outsourcing or management personnel at different points to measure manually on the spot, which consumes time and labor cost, and if the instrument measurement is wrong, the amount of newly measured works is relatively huge, etc. When do clean room lamps need to be replaced? The owner will normally deal with the above problems: If more experienced owners turn on or off the number of lamps and lanterns based on their experience, there are also risks of energy waste and insufficient illumination; All open to meet the illuminance demand, there is excessive waste of energy and operation costs; With the passage of time, light source attenuation, part of the lamps are broken, usually artificial field measurement, to confirm whether the lamps need to be replaced, time and labor costs; If the process department doubts the illuminance value of the factory department, it also needs to measure on site or find the data of the completed illuminance test before as the basis, especially the existing clean room renovation project; The measurement of completion acceptance is usually on‐site measurement or outsourcing can provide corresponding data to prove acceptance, etc.; According to the above problems, this paper describes a real‐ time online illuminance and light decline monitoring technology to deal with the actual problems of TFT panel and semiconductor. Automatic control is realized for the closing and opening of the owner's lamps through the cumulative average illuminance, etc., and the requirements of the process illuminance are met to save energy consumption and operating costs; The real‐time cumulative monitoring of the luminescence life curve of this technology is compared with the luminescence life curve provided or tested by the manufacturer, which can confirm the early warning and comparison of the deviation between the actual luminescence life and the luminescence life provided by the manufacturer, so that the owners can purchase or replace the number and area of the luminescence in advance;

Elements and Implications of Social and Emotional Learning in the Home Economics Education Curriculum

본 연구는 청소년기 학생들이 자신을 이해하고 타인과 건강한 관계를 맺으며 건강한 공동체를 형성할 수 있는 교육을 제공하기 위한 이론적 관점으로서 사회정서학습(SEL)에 주목하여 2015 개정 가정과 교육과정에서 드러난 사회정서학습의 의미와 핵심역량을 분석하였다. 그 결과 가정과 교육과정의 성격, 목표, 교과 역량, 핵심 개념, 일반화된 지식, 성취기준에 사회정서학습의 핵심역량이 모두 포함된 것으로 분석되었다. 이에 대한 시사점은 첫째, 학교 현장에서 따로 사회정서학습 프로그램을 도입하지 않아도 가정과수업의 명시적 교육을 통해 사회정서학습 핵심역량이 충분히 함양될 수 있다. 둘째, 가정과교육은 실천을 강조하는 교과이기 때문에 사회정서학습의 역량들을 학교 밖에서의 실제적 삶과 연계하여 적용할 수 있다. 마지막으로 사회정서학습의 최종목표인 부모와 가정과의 연계를 중시하고 건강하고 안전하며 정의로운 커뮤니티 형성은 가정과교육의 목표와 유사성이 높으므로 가정과교육을 통해 사회정서학습의 실효성을 높일 수 있다.This study focuses on Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) as a theoretical perspective to provide education that enables adolescent students to understand themselves, establish healthy relationships with others, and form a healthy community. The meaning of learning and core competencies were analyzed. Results showed that the core competencies of SEL were all included in the nature, goals, subject competencies, core concepts, generalized knowledge, and achievement standards of the 2015 revised Home Economics Education (HEE) Curriculum. The implications for this are: First, the core competencies of SEL can be sufficiently cultivated through explicit education in HE classes without introducing a separate SEL program in the school field. Second, since HEE is a subject that emphasizes practice, the competencies of SEL can be applied in connection with actual life outside of school. Lastly, the effectiveness of SEL can be increased through HEE because the goals of SEL, which emphasize the connection between parents and the creation of healthy and safe community, are similar to the goals of HEE.

Expectations and human rights protection: the case of Vietnam during COVID-19

Background: A key part of the complexity of actual social life lies in the fact that it operates on a large web of not only prescribed norms and rules, but also explicit and especially implicit expectations which constantly interact with each other. Methods: This paper offers the first in-depth study on ‘expectations’ in bioethical and health law studies, taking Vietnamese human rights issues in response to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as illustrations. It defines ‘expectations’ as normative imaginaries that can induce or guide actions and inactions at individual and collective levels. Results: The study suggests that ‘expectations’ is a fruitful concept for bioethical and health law studies because it helps better understand the complexity of interactions in society and patterns of thinking and acting of actors in real-world contexts. Studying expectations also has implications for how human rights and other ethical norms can be better realized in practice. From applying the concept of ‘expectations’ to study human rights issues in Vietnam, this paper also argues that for better protection of human rights, there must be changes concerning expectations of involved parties. Conclusions: Changes in expectations in turn call for changes in stimulus, knowledge, praxis, polices, laws and institutions. Meanwhile, checks and balances mechanisms must effectively constrain the materialization of undue expectations.

Возможность продления срока службы трамвайного пути в Санкт-Петербурге

Purpose: To consider tramway lifecycle key factors: track applied structures and used therein combinations of rail and foundation types. To show the advantages of sleeper-less tramway structure on the foundation with reinforced concrete slab filled in 2 layers. Separately, to pay attention on the properties and types of tram rails of domestic and imported production, to make assessment of their estimated and actual service life. Methods: Comparison of operational and technical indicators of rails laid in St. Petersburg City, including imported ones. Results: The influence of surface hardness indicator of grooved rails on their service life is determined. The conclusion on increase of inter-repair time of tram tracks at the use of high-hardness rails was obtained based on the analysis of St. Petersburg State Unitary Enterprise "Gorelektrotrans" statistical materials which is confirmed by the results of service life calculations. Practical significance: Economic feasibility of declared for production EVRAZ LLC rails having hardness high parameters, obtained without thermal hardening, has been determined. The necessity of carrying out the program of experimental operation of new Russian tram rails in St. Petersburg has been accepted. In this program implementation frames, on the basis of St. Petersburg State Unitary Enterprise "Gorelektrotrans", curves with 20-, 30-meter radius, made from new domestic rails, which have showed 342 HB, 364HB hardness values on rolling surface for different steel grade rails, have been made. Made experimental laying of obtained curves into tram tracks of St. Petersburg City will allow analyzing the results of conducted during operation explorations to form recommendations for the use of EVRAZ LLC tram rails.

Experimental study and fretting fatigue life prediction in dovetail assembly considering stress–temperature nonlinear coupling effect

AbstractAs a paramount failure form of dovetail assembly, high‐temperature fretting fatigue seriously restricts the actual service life. Aiming at the problem of fretting fatigue life prediction of dovetail assembly of the aero‐engine compressor under the coexistence of stress and high temperature, based on D‐M contact theory and continuum damage mechanics theory, a fretting fatigue life prediction model considering stress–temperature nonlinear coupling effect is proposed in this paper by, respectively, introducing the fretting fatigue stress σfretting and the high‐temperature influence factor λ. Meanwhile, the judgment criterion of fretting fatigue crack initiation and failure is raised based on the strain–displacement method, and the fretting fatigue test is designed and carried out for experimental verification. The results show that the proposed fretting fatigue life prediction model has high life prediction ability, whose life prediction results are within ±1.7 times the error band, which can provide a theoretical reference for the structural design optimization and damage tolerance design of dovetail assembly.

A study of the actual condition of supply of Fukushima Revitalization Rental Housing and actual life state of residents in municipalities where evacuation orders were issued or cancelled

本研究は、避難指示・解除区域市町村における福島再生賃貸住宅の供給実態と入居者の生活実態を明らかにすることを目的とするものである。本研究を通じて、福島再生賃貸住宅は、避難指示・解除区域市町村において、避難者の帰還にも新たな住民の移住にも重要な役割を果たしているが、入居者は、医療、買い物、福祉などの生活環境に不満を感じており、また、近所付き合いなどのコミュニティ・交流環境を改善すべきであると考えていることが明らかになった。本研究では、今後の検討課題として、福島再生賃貸住宅に入居している帰還者と移住者のそれぞれの生活実態に即した支援策の充実、福島再生賃貸住宅およびその入居者を取り巻く生活環境の充実を指摘している。

Game theory- about The Game of Nim

Game theory has been widely used in economic life, and has had an important impact on economic development. This paper will analyze and explain some basic internal logic of game theory through some concrete cases related to the Game of Nim. It is found that the strategies of some theoretical models in game theory can be applied to the real game of chance, so these cases can be widely applied to actual economic life and social life.

ПРИНЦИПИ ПОБУДОВИ ОПЕРАТОРНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ПРОЦЕСУ ТЕХНІЧНОГО ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ ОЗБРОЄННЯ ТА ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ТЕХНІКИ

Maintenance is an important component of the life cycle of a sample of weapons and military equipment (OMT), and the high-quality organization of the maintenance system is a guarantee of the durability of the intended use of the OMT. The operational properties of combat vehicles (BM) are quite multifaceted and require increased attention considering the functional features of use. Studying the inherent features of operation is a preventive measure to prevent premature failure of the object, in the technical sense. Practice indicates that the best means for determining the properties of objects is a natural experiment, that is, a study of the properties and condition of the object under appropriate conditions and operating factors of influence. However, in most cases, a full-scale experiment is not possible or appropriate. Some tests may be close to extreme conditions, may proceed so violently that accidents and destruction of components or the entire object are possible. That is why process modeling and control calculations are used to determine individual reliability standards. At the same time, reliability indicators (RP) are usually carried out for unique objects, the calculation is based on the RP of similar elements (objects as a whole) and, if necessary, these indicators are extrapolated. If the control calculations are very cumbersome or significantly distort the actual indicators, then probabilistic modeling is carried out on computers (computers) using test data of individual elements or on the operational data of prototypes of the necessary objects. A prerequisite for various types of simulations should be the construction of operator models for depicting the processes that accompany the actual life cycle of the object, as a result of which there is a clear understanding of the factor stages of influence on the technical condition, failure forecasting, prevention of the appearance of negative or critical factors affecting the survivability of the object in in turn, the analysis of the need for technical maintenance, its sequence, volumes or even expediency. Keywords: operational model, failure, maintenance, operation of combat vehicles, technical condition, restoration.

The Destiny of Phenomenology: Gadamer on Value, Globalism, and the Growth of Being

The Destiny of Phenomenology: Gadamer on Value, Globalism, and the Growth of Being

Statistical Inference of Equivalent Initial Flaw Size Distribution for Fatigue Analysis of an Anisotropic Material

A novel methodology for the fatigue life uncertainty quantification of anisotropic structures is presented in this work. The concept of the equivalent initial flaw size distribution (EIFSD) is employed to overcome the difficulties in small cracks detection and fatigue prediction. This EIFSD concept is combined with the dual boundary element method (DBEM) to provide an efficient methodology for modelling the fatigue crack growth. Bayesian inference is used to infer the EIFSD based on inspection data from the routine maintenance of the structure, simulated with the DBEM. A large amount of DBEM simulations were required for the Bayesian inference. Therefore, surrogate models are used as part of the inference to further improve computational efficiency. A numerical example featuring an anisotropic plate is investigated for demonstrating the proposed methodology. When considering a low level of uncertainty in the crack propagation parameters, an error of 0.12% was found between the estimated fatigue life obtained using the proposed method compared to actual fatigue life, and only 0.35% error when considering high level of uncertainty. The application of the estimated fatigue life can be used to determine an appropriate inspection interval for aircraft maintenance.

Effects of Learned Helplessness on College Life Adjustment of Health College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the learned helplessness felt during COVID-19 as a basis for understanding the correlation with actual college life adjustment. Furthermore, the study aimed to develop strategies to enhance student adjustment to college life.Methods: A total of 284 college students in the nursing and emergency medical service department were given a questionnaire on learned helplessness and college life adjustment. The data were analyzed through the SPSS 23.0 program.Results: The college life adjustment score were significantly higher in the nursing department, the senior, high grades, and high major satisfaction. The learned helplessness and college life adjustment of health college students were negatively correlated. The effects of learned helplessness on the participant’s college life adjustment were lacking in confidence, lack of control, passivity, and lack of responsibility. The explanatory power of the model was 60.3%.Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop and apply various programs for health college students to reduce learned helplessness and increase college life adjustment.

Феномен «вернакулярного»: между «родными курами», архитектурной «причудливостью» и «живой религиозностью»

The article explores the development of ideas about the ‘vernacular’ in Linguis­tics, Urban Planning, and Philosophy of Religion. It focuses on ‘living religios­ity’ reflected in personal and group perceptions and practices embedded in lan­guage. This understanding has shown continuity since ancient times, with its first written records as ‘vernaculum’ used by Plautus, Cicero, and Varro to denote ‘home’, ‘native’, and ‘domestic’ as compared to ‘universal’ meaning ‘Roman’. In the Renaissance, the term acquires new connotations. These result from the then-emerging nation-states and the consequent need to translate the Bible into ‘vernacular’ (i.e., common, local) languages, on the one hand, and the ideal­ization of Cicero’s Rome scented with an ‘inexplicable metropolitan aroma’ symbolically inherited by the new centers of influence across the globe – on the other. In the 19th century, researchers introduce the subculture of na­tional ‘folklore’ (or ‘popular wisdom’) identified with a ‘folk religion’ (typical of grass-roots) colliding with an official lofty ‘theological religion’. To over­come the misrepresentation of such ‘folk’ religious manifestations in ethnogra­phy and folklore, scholars formulate the concept of ‘vernacular religion’ aimed to correctly reflect the dynamism of actual religious life, including both ‘ecclesi­astical’ and ‘extra-church’ forms of religiosity. Accordingly, in a bid to avoid the stereotypical juxtaposition of the official vs. popular, or ‘pure’ vs. ‘spoiled’, which is still relevant for such terms as ‘sect’, ‘paganism’, ‘superstition’, ‘rene­gades’, enemies of the ‘dominant religion’, and alike as retaining negative inter­pretations, the authors point out the prospects of using the term ‘private religion’ coined by Alexander Panchenko.

Fabrication life prediction model for HDPE/Cr2O3 composites toward roof passive cooling

Passive cooling materials have been widely investigated to reduce building energy consumption. However, references about life prediction of the materials are insufficient. In this work, a novel life prediction model based on the passive cooling composites was established. The inorganic pigment chromium oxide (Cr2O3) was introduced into the high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix to prepare HDPE/Cr2O3 composites with high long wave infrared (LWIR) emissivity and near infrared (NIR) reflectivity. The composites showed excellent cooling performance and color stability. The addition of ultraviolet absorber (UVA) and hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) further improved the UV resistance of HDPE/Cr2O3 composites. HALS performs better and meets the needs of long-life outdoor use. Furthermore, a new failure point selection method is proposed and a model is established to predict the actual service life of HDPE/Cr2O3 composites, which provides theoretical guidance for the outdoor long-life use of the polymer composites. Based on the model, the fabricated HDPE/Cr2O3/HALS system can be used for more than 15 years. The long-term cooling composites can be used for building roof and wall to effectively reduce the indoor temperature and realize the sustainable use of energy. Besides, if used in military engineering, it has excellent cooling function and military camouflage effect. In addition, the composites can also be widely used in outdoor decoration, artificial lawn, floating materials and other fields.

Riding against the Past

Riding against the Past

Syntagmatic-Paradigmatic Relations in Charles Dickens` Hard Times

This research will be examined De Saussure`s syntagmatic-paradigmatic relations On Charles Dickens` Hard Times. Dickens in this novel uses a character and episodes that stand in paradigmatic relation to him and his surrounded society. A character turns to be a carrier of his views and philosophyand conveys many autobiographical events from his actual life. Besides, he depicts personal attitudes to be presented as events in the novel. Thus, the novel shows a literary substitution of a character as well as events with Dickens` real life. This seems a fertile arena to study a paradigmatic relation. At the same time, linear relation can be applied between characters and actions to have a horizontal reflection besides the vertical one.

Significance of Forensic Fly and Seasonal Variation in the Temperature of Developmental Stages in Lifecycle for Family Sarcophagidae, Sarcophaga Africa

Sarcophaga Africa, is one of the hairy maggot flesh flies which feeds on meat carrion, and dead and decaying matter of animals to the completes its life cycle which is the useful for post mortem interval (PMI). Determination in forensic investigations. The actual life cycle hours and days are calculated due to their morphological parameter of their life cycle of Sarcophaga Africa were studied in different seasons; Life cycle in rainy season was completed in 270± 1.25 hrs (11.25 ± 0.40 days), when the maximum temperature was 27.02°C and the minimum temperature was 26.4°C; in summer season when the maximum temperature was 36.6°C and the minimum temperature 33.2°C, the life cycle was completed in 220± 1.17 hrs (6.16. ± 0.10 days), while in cycle was completed in 310 ± 1.35hrs (12.91 ± 0.21 days) when the maximum and minimum winter season life cm temperatures were 27.4°C and 17.2°C respectively. The temperature is the important role to determine the developmental stages of life cycle of Sarcophaga Africa which should be considered during PMI determination. The external parameters of different stages differ from season to season. Larvae were healthy and bigger in size in rainy season but in summer were short and small sized. The size of larvae in winter season was also smaller than the size in both summer and rainy seasons.

Multibody dynamics modelling of a 6-axle truck to quantify the effects of pavement and vehicle parameters on dynamic loads

ABSTRACT The actual service life of the pavement is related to dynamic tire loads. To accurately calculate dynamic loads, a multibody dynamics model of a 6-axle heavy truck was developed. The difference between simulated and experimental RMS values of wheel centre force and acceleration was within 15%. Based on the validated dynamics model, the effects of ride quality index (RQI), vehicle speed, load capacity, and suspension damping coefficient on dynamic impact factor (DI) and dynamic load amplitude (DLA) were explored. When the vehicle was fully loaded, both DI and DLA increased with decreasing RQI, increasing vehicle speed, and increasing suspension damping coefficient. Among them, the effect of RQI and vehicle speed on DLA and DI was much greater than that of suspension damping factor. In addition, the dispersion of DI values for each axle increased as the vehicle mass decreased. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the combined effects of RQI, vehicle speed and load capacity when applying dynamic tire loads in pavement design or life estimation. The procedure in this paper facilitates the accurate calculation of dynamic loads for different pavement and vehicle parameters and is recommended to be used in vehicle-pavement coupled analysis.

THE MEMORY OF THE BODY AS TRANSPERSONAL ARCHETYPE

The paper proposes a perspective based on a research through art at the crossroads between personal memory, corporeality, transpersonal archetypes and drawing. If art can be admitted as a way of ‘writing’ through images, self-reflexive art can be considered a self-description, as well as an ‘autograph’, which is not reduced to affectivity. From here it is only a step to notice that the ‘disguised’ revelation of the self as our memory archived it, by artistic works, turns out to be a symbolic narrative, expressed through metaphors with autobiographical overtones. The artistic act placed outside of creation in relation to the evaluative factors, is exempt from gratuity because it responds to at least one existential need – that of self-expression, which becomes paramount in historical, social and private history contexts. It plays a main role in documenting actual life and preserving it for the future, like reveries of dissolution and permanence.

Parables as a Transcultural Tool for a Psychologist’s Work with the Requests of Parents of Children with Abnormal Development

Parables are considered to be an effective tool in a psychologist’s work with parents of children with abnormal development. As a kind of metaphor, parables actuate neurodynamic mechanisms of the personality’s reflection of actual life issues. The use of parables is specific, depending on the psychodynamic stage of the family with a child who has some developmental problems. The requests of parents of children with abnormal development were classified and the parables were matched to each underlying request type. The use of various options of work with stories by psychologist in the therapeutic process is possible. The authors give some examples of parables at the end.

Optimal incentive contract in continuous time with different behavior relationships between agents

Dynamic contracts with multiple agents is a classical decentralized decision-making problem with asymmetric information, it is usually discussed according to moral hazard and the behavioral relationship between agents. To do so, in this paper, according to behavior relationships between agents, we analyze continuous time optimal contracting in principal multi-agent moral hazard settings. According to stochastic optimal control theory, the optimal contract of the generalized principal-agent dynamic problem is given, the optimal behavior selection and incentive mechanism of agents are analyzed. The result shows that, in the two-agent model, the incentive effect of cooperative relationship is greater than that of competitive relationship; when they are in a cooperative relationship, with the more influential agent receiving higher pay; under multi-agent model, an increase in the number of agents reduces effort and rewards, this indicates that the team size has strict boundaries. The research conclusions can be applied to solve two kinds of principal-agent problems that the principal needs to motivate the agent to compete or cooperate in the actual social production and life.