Actual Intentions Research Articles

Desirability in Real-World Blended Care for Psychosis: Insights from the Development and Pilot Study of Digital NAVIGATE

<p>Blended care, a psychosocial intervention merging face-to-face therapy with digital tools, holds significant potential for enhancing psychosis treatment outcomes by extending access and increasing patient engagement with therapeutic materials. Recent blended care interventions for psychosis were solely developed within controlled research conditions, and an attempt to transition one of these interventions into real-world practice yielded inadequate engagement and effectiveness. This suggests that the development context of blended care may significantly impact its implementation potential. This study represents the first attempt to both develop and research a blended care intervention in a real-world setting, directly addressing the specific challenges and unmet needs within NAVIGATE, a coordinated speciality care program for individuals who have experienced a first-episode psychosis. Both clients and practitioners agreed on the potential benefits of integrating digital tools into NAVIGATE, and clients expressed a willingness to adopt them once available. However, when the digital program became available, clients' actual desire to incorporate it into their usual care was unexpectedly low. We observed a strong correlation between clients' expressed desire to use Digital NAVIGATE before engaging with it and their subsequent engagement with the digital tools. These findings highlight a distinction between clients’ attitudes towards digital tools adaptation before being offered to use them, and their actual intention and desire to utilize such tools during the treatment they receive. These findings underscore the need to reassess current frameworks for developing and implementing digital mental health tools, particularly within existing mental health programs.</p>

Residents' Cognition, Attitudes, and Intentions to Participate in Long-Term Care Insurance: Moderating Effect of Policy Support.

This study took a comprehensive approach to considering residents' demands and investigated the intentions of residents in Hebei Province to participate in LTCI, exploring the potential for individual participation. By integrating the unique Chinese context and existing literature, this study established a theoretical framework for research hypotheses concerning the influencing factors of residents' participation intentions. Leveraging a sample of 516 survey responses, we employed structural equation modeling (SEM) and hierarchical regression analysis (HRA) for validation. The research revealed that the heterogeneity of resident attributes has a significant influence on their participation intentions, and a gap exists between residents' attitudes and intentions, leading to a scenario where attitudes are high but intentions are low. Moreover, perceived usefulness, risk perception, and perceived trust were found to directly affect residents' intentions and could indirectly affect intentions through the mediating effect of attitudes. Additionally, the moderating role of policy support is instrumental in facilitating the translation of attitudes into actual intentions, bridging the gap between attitudes and participation intentions. These findings will assist researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of Chinese residents' participation intentions and their underlying influencing factors, ultimately providing a solid foundation for government policy formulation and insurance companies' strategic adjustments.

Cyclical comparison of succession of civilizations by Ibn Khaldun and Spingler

Civilization and history are two autonomous notions while there is an important correlation between them. We are not able to say anything on civilization without looking back at history. One can say civilization creates history and history rewrites civilization. It is the duty of history to explore and study civilization and the reason for their creation thoroughly. According to Spengler’s analysis the interpterion of civilization and history in his famous book (The decline of the West). He believes that the principal of history is civilizations. History is inconceivable in its true meaning, without civilization. He mentions that each civilization has its own figures. This philosopher believes that like all the other creatures civilization is born and alive and passes through all stage of live, youth, old ages and death. Which is a current role of history. Conversely, Ibn Khaldun considers that history is a science among the sciences, it has its own methods that the historical events can be clarified historically and each accident can be attributed to its actual intention. The historians must use different methods. They must have a critical idea. He believes that human society is developing just like an alive creature. Whenever a society becomes historic, another society takes its place. This cycle goes through several stages, migration stage, invasion stage and urban stage. Consequently, these theorists have an alive cycle analysis for the stages of civilization. They believe that as human beings civilization are born they grow and then they breakdown. Nonetheless, they have different opinions, Spengler claims that history isn’t a science. Conversely Ibn Khaldun has tried hard to identify history as a science. According to Ibn Khaldun, the nations are trying to improve life from migration to civilization. But then again according to Spengler the nations are basically belong to the civilization.

How Promising Are "Ultraprocessed" Front-of-Package Labels? A Formative Study with US Adults.

High levels of food processing can have detrimental health effects independent of nutrient content. Experts and advocates have proposed adding information about food processing status to front-of-package labeling schemes, which currently exclusively focus on nutrient content. How consumers would perceive "ultraprocessed" labels has not yet been examined. To address this gap, we conducted a within-subjects online experiment with a convenience sample of 600 US adults. Participants viewed a product under three labeling conditions (control, "ultraprocessed" label, and "ultraprocessed" plus "high in sugar" label) in random order for a single product. The "ultraprocessed" label led participants to report thinking more about the risks of eating the product and discouraging them from wanting to buy the product more than the control, despite not grabbing more attention than the control. The "ultraprocessed" plus "high in sugar" labels grabbed more attention, led participants to think more about the risks of eating the product, and discouraged them from wanting to buy the product more than the "ultraprocessed" label alone. "Ultraprocessed" labels may constitute promising messages that could work in tandem with nutrient labels, and further research should examine how they would influence consumers' actual intentions and behaviors.

Who's the deceiver? Identifying deceptive intentions in communication

Recognizing people's deceptive intentions when communicating is crucial to detect statements that may drive us to unintended harmful decisions. This paper studies individuals' intentions in games where players can tell the truth with deceiving purposes. In a preregistered experiment, we combine a sender-receiver game with possible strategic considerations and the associated belief elicitation questionnaire, with a sender-receiver game with no room for strategic considerations. We propose a new method that improves the identification of senders' intentions to deceive. Our findings reveal that relying solely on the strategic sender-receiver game and the elicited beliefs, as previously proposed in the literature, can lead to misinterpreting the actual intentions of a substantial proportion of senders. In particular, our new method helps discern actual deceivers from pessimistic truth-tellers and identifies senders who try to excuse their previous deceiving message. All in all, our method identifies more senders with deceptive intentions compared to previous methods.

Diarec: Dynamic Intention-Aware Recommendation with Attention-Based Context-Aware Item Attributes Modeling

Abstract Recommender systems (RSs) often focus on learning users’ long-term preferences, while the sequential pattern of behavior is ignored. On the other hand, sequential RSs try to predict the next action by exploring relations between items in a user’s last interactions but do not consider the general preference. Recently, the performance of RSs has increased by unifying these two types of paradigms. However, existing methods still have two limitations. First, the user’s behavior uncertainty impedes precise learning of preferences. Second, being unable to understand the semantics of items makes the effect of the same item considered in the same way. These limitations jointly prevent RS from learning multifaceted preferences to capture the actual intentions of users. Existing methods have not properly addressed these problems since they ignore context-aware interactions between the user and item in terms of the links between the user and item attributes and sequential user actions over time. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel model, called the Dynamic Intention-Aware Recommendation with attention-based context-aware item attributes modeling (DIARec), which is capable of determining users’ preferences based on their goal intention, taking into account the influence of various item features on user decision-making in their current context. Specifically, to model users’ dynamic intentions, we introduce a dynamic intent-aware module to represent the hierarchical relations between items and their attributes in a given session. Experiments on benchmark datasets indicate that the proposed model DIARec outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.

A randomized controlled trial of an information intervention to bolster COVID-19 vaccination intention among people with purity concerns.

Previous literature has indicated a strong negative correlation between the moral foundation of purity/sanctity and vaccination rates. The current research investigated how purity concerns impact COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and tested an information intervention to bolster vaccination intention among people with purity concerns. Study 1 surveyed 566 Republicans and Republican-leaning Independents in the United States. Study 2 was a between-subject-designed survey experiment that investigated the impact of three statements on the COVID-19 vaccination attitudes and intentions of 637 Republicans and Republican-leaning Independents. Statement 1 argued that vaccines are not impure from a scientific perspective; Statement 2 made the same argument with quotes from the Bible; and Statement 3 was a control statement. Study 1 established a significant correlation between the existence of vaccination history and purity as a moral foundation. Study 2 found that among those with no COVID-19 vaccination history, statements arguing that vaccines are not impure from either a scientific perspective or a religious perspective improved attitudes toward vaccination and intention to get vaccinated. Purity concerns can be leveraged as a way to bolster vaccination rates, especially among conservatives. However, the impurity perception only mediated the causal relationship between the treatment and the attitude toward vaccines (but not the actual intention), suggesting that changes in the actual vaccination behavior are subject to factors other than purity concerns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Acceptance of and hesitancy about COVID-19 vaccination among nursing students in clinical practice.

Although vaccination of nursing students in clinical practice is important due to the possibility of COVID-19 infection and subsequent transmission to patients, some nursing students are hesitant to get vaccinated. Thus, it is necessary to identify the actual intentions and motivations of nursing students who have been vaccinated for COVID-19, even if their decisions were driven by clinical practice policy. The purpose of this study was to understand the nature of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among vaccinated nursing students in clinical practice and to examine their reasons for getting vaccinated despite such hesitancy. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in South Korea from November 20, 2021, to December 17, 2021. The study recruited a convenience sample of 125 nursing students who were vaccinated for COVID-19. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test. Of the 125 nursing students, 51 (40.8%) reported vaccine hesitancy, among whom 88.2% reported that their hesitancy was due to the adverse effects and instability of the vaccine. It was also found that 70.6% of nursing students in the vaccine-hesitant group were eventually vaccinated due to clinical practice policy, whereas 67.6% of nursing students in the non-hesitant group were vaccinated to protect their health. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is prevalent among nursing students. Therefore, specific efforts should be made to provide education focusing on the safety, benefits, and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, implement mandatory vaccination policies for clinical practice, and give priority to vaccination opportunities to nursing students in order to reduce the hesitancy of nursing students to vaccines.

CNN LSTM Hybrid Approach for Sentiment Analysis

Abstract: In recent years, one of the most popular study subjects has been sentiment analysis. It is employed to ascertain the text's actual intention. It is primarily interested in the processing and analysis of natural language data. The development of technology and the phenomenal rise of social media have produced a vast volume of confusing textual information. It's critical to examine the feelings that underlie such writings. Sentiment analysis reveals the core of irrational beliefs kept in enormous volumes of text. The primary objective is to get the computer to comprehend the backdrop of the data so that it may be divided into material that is good or bad. (i) Several machine learning models, including Naive Bayes, XGboost, Random Forest, LGB Machine, etc., are trained in this study. (ii) The implementation of the deep learning model Bi-LSTM, whose accuracy has showed promise. (iii) Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), a pre-trained language model that used an external Bi-LSTM model, was implemented. Then, a new approach of CNN-LSTM hybrid model is applied to IMDb dataset which performed better than all the models.

Mental accounting theory‐based bounded‐rationality trading strategy of prosumers in transactive energy market

AbstractIn the transactive energy market (TEM), prosumers are assumed to be rational. However, prosumers’ trading behaviours are affected by many factors (e.g. social relations, personal preferences, and habits). Their trading demands vary in benefits, comfort levels, and environmental consciousness, which show bounded rationality. Accordingly, this paper introduces the mental accounting theory to develop a trading decision‐making method by characterizing prosumers’ actual trading behaviours. It quantified prosumers’ motivations and psychological changes by the risk attitude and subjective value models in the process of multi‐account management. The updating rules of trading decisions and multi‐round bidding market mechanism are also designed to improve the social welfare and market efficiency. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed method can make prosumers trade in TEM under their actual intentions and bounded‐rationality. And the market mechanism can help to increase social welfare and market efficiency.

Examining the factors influencing fintech adoption behaviour of gen Y in India

The main impetus of the research is to inquire into the fintech adoption behaviour of India’s GenY population. The focus of this research paper is to enlarge the scope of the planned behaviour theory by including other exogenous variables, information quality (IQ), and readiness to pay for privileges. Responses from the 349 selected higher education students based on judgmental sampling were collected from various institutes of repute in India. The suggested framework was evaluated using the Smart PLS 4 software bootstrapping method. It was found that multiple hypotheses framed in the study exert notable impact besides the belief that there is a direct linkage between observed behavioural control (OBC) and actual intention (AI). The paper confirms the application of the theory of planned behaviour for the effective implementation of fintech in India. It was observed that information quality is one of the crucial elements which influences the fintech adoption behaviour. The research enriches past studies by expanding the blueprint of a theory of planned behaviour by identifying the information quality factor as the influencing intent and behaviour. The reliability and validity of the suggested framework were analyzed after keeping in mind the impact of a business environment’s constantly changing dynamic forces. The study identified the primary constructs affecting the fintech adoption behaviour with a particular focus on the GEN Y population of India. It will also help the financial technocrats to optimally utilize the immense underlying capabilities of the fintech users and strategically launch more user-friendly products and services.

Emotional Expression, Perception, and Induction in Music and Dance: Considering Ecologically Valid Intentions

ABSTRACTCognitive and behavioral studies ranging from biomechanics to motor functions and neural mirroring explorations have extensively investigated the communication of emotions in music and dance. Recognized for their ability to convey and elicit emotions, various studies aim to validate the extent to which auditory expressive cues and embodied expressive movements are able to convey emotions. However, is expressing and evoking emotions a generalized intention of music and dance? Although much data exists based on audience responses (decoders), composers' and choreographers' (encoders) intentions beyond experimental instructions are still being determined. This paper reports two studies investigating the intention of composers and choreographers when creating new works. Results revealed that expressing emotions is not a primary goal yet a significant underlying intention. Furthermore, composers and choreographers aimed for their expressed emotions to be perceived rather than felt. Moreover, the genre conventions determined by stylistic and cultural factors influenced emotion expression, with some genres allowing more expressive cues than others, likely affecting the extent to which emotions are meaningfully conveyed. These findings point to potential cue variance between actual intentions and experiment‐intended stimuli to express and thus communicate emotions. An argument for the importance of ecological validity in laboratory‐based experiments is presented.

Using Semantic Text Similarity calculation for question matching in a rheumatoid arthritis question-answering system.

When users inquire about knowledge in a certain field using the internet, the intelligent question-answering system based on frequently asked questions (FAQs) provides numerous concise and accurate answers that have been manually verified. However, there are few specific question-answering systems for chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and the related technology to construct a question-answering system about chronic diseases is not sufficiently mature. Our research embedded the classification information of the question into the sentence vector based on the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) language model. First of all, we calculated the similarity using edit distance to recall the candidate set of similar questions. Then, we took advantage of the BERT pretraining model to map the sentence information to the corresponding embedding representation. Finally, each dimensional feature of the sentence was obtained by passing a sentence vector through the multihead attention layer and the fully connected feedforward layer. The features that were stitched and fused were used for the semantic similarity calculation. Our improved model achieved a Top-1 precision of 0.551, Top-3 precision of 0.767, and Top-5 precision of 0.813 on 176 testing question sentences. In the analysis of the actual application effect of the model, we found that our model performed well in understanding the actual intention of users. Our deep learning model takes into account the background and classifications of questions and combines the efficiency of deep learning technology and the comprehensibility of semantics. The model enables the deep meaning of the user's question to be better understood by the intelligent question answering system, and answers that are more relevant to the original query are provided.

Characteristic frequency detection of steady-state visual evoked potentials based on filter bank second-order underdamped tristable stochastic resonance

Brain computer interface (BCI) system based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) has great potential for communication and control applications. The actual intention of the user is determined by detecting the characteristic frequency of the SSVEP signals. However, the artifacts and spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in SSVEP signals will degrade the performance of characteristic frequency detection. How to improve detection performance is a hot research topic. In this study, an innovative filter bank second-order underdamped tristable stochastic resonance (FBSUTSR) method is proposed and evaluated to enhance the characteristic frequency detection of SSVEP signals. FBSUTSR method uses noise to enhance signal detection and effectively utilizes the harmonic components contained in the signal. At the same time, the second-order underdamping characteristic makes the system form a unique filtering effect. In this study, the performance of SSVEP signals characteristic frequency detection with FBSUTSR, second-order underdamped tristable stochastic resonance (SUTSR), underdamped second-order stochastic resonance (USSR) and canonical coefficient analysis (CCA) is compared and analyzed using the public dataset of 40 types of stimulation targets of 35 subjects. When the stimulus data length is 5 s, FBSUTSR method achieves excellent performance with an average accuracy of 97.35±3.97% and an average information transmission rate (ITR) of 60.58±4.76bit·min-1, which is significantly higher than the performance of other three methods. This study verifies that the proposed FBSUTSR method has prominent performance advantages in implementing SSVEP signals characteristic frequency detection. The BCI system based on SSVEP using FBSUTSR method has great development potential in communication and control.

Social Media Discourse: Intensional Approach

Social media is a new reality of modern society and represent as a platform of online communication of millions of people. During the discussion reflection of current events is happening, positions of communication’s subjects on topical issues are forming and changing, impact is made. Definition of intentional characteristics of network discourse related to motivational, perceptual-cognitive processes, communicants’ practical activity becomes particularly relevant in this regard. The approach realized in this study is aimed at characterizing the intentional space of social media discourse and identifying discursive markers of Internet users’ actual intentions, suitable for their objective evaluation. 46 messages of various topics and their discussion (1835 comments) on various network resources in 2015–2022 are served as the material for our study. Intent-analysis is used to assess psychological content of speech. This method allows to determine communicators’ intentions associated with current interaction and communicative tactics. 51 categories of intentions are described (4947 realizations). High intensity negative intentions dominate among them regardless of their topics that points to pronounced negative evaluability and potential conflictuality. In addition, social media discourse has clear informational focus due to extensive representation of neutral intentions associated with exchange of opinions, analysis and discussion of the situation. Context specific markers of communicators’ intentions: lexical, semantic, graphic and punctuation are found in it. Some markers are specific to certain intentions; others are realized in actualization of a number of intentions that associated with the variety of expression ways and words’ multiple meanings.

ОШИБКИ ИЛИ ИНАКОМЫСЛИЕ? КОММУНИКАТИВНЫЙ БАРЬЕР ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЯ И СТУДЕНТА НА ЗАНЯТИИ ИНОСТРАННЫМ ЯЗЫКОМ

In the process of mastering a foreign language, mistakes are natural. A student cannot independently perceive and recognize their own errors, which is why the teacher plays an important role in correcting them, whereas tact is important to prevent the loss of motivation for the subject. A wrong approach to dealing with errors often leads to communication barriers that contradict the learning goals. What is important is what happens in the students’ minds just before they make a false statement. The teacher may get the impression of a mistake made, while in some cases it is the lack of mutual understanding with the student due to a difference in the worldviews. The students’ language product can be alienated by the teacher due to the unawareness of the intention of the statement and misunderstanding its real meaning. To prevent such a distortion of meaning, it is important for the teacher to pay attention to the error and clarify the actual intention of the speaker. Of course, there is a difference between beginners and advanced students in regards to error correction. Students of the initial stage often make semantic errors that can be interpreted unambiguously. Students of the advanced stage possess linguistic, discursive, pragmatic and sociocultural competencies and have experience in communicating in a foreign language. Therefore, their choice of certain speech instruments is associated with the reflection of meanings filled with individual, authorial content.

Aristoteles’in Poetika’sı Işığında Sofokles’in Filoktetes Tragedyası

Aristoteles etik, estetik ve politika üzerine olan görüşlerinin yanında “Poetika” isimli eserinde tragedya karakterlerinin özgür iradeleri, ahlaki değerleri ve eylemsel tercihlerini inceleyerek bir tragedya biçimi tartışmaktadır. Antik Yunan tragedyalarının günümüz tiyatrosunun yapı taşını oluşturan eylem birliği Aristoteles’in fikirlerinde tezahür etmektedir. Aristoteles’ten neredeyse bir yüzyıl önce yaşamış, milattan önce beşinci yüzyılın en etkili tragedya yazarı olan Sofokles, Poetika’da tartışılan tragedya biçiminin karşılığını veren eserler üretmiştir. Öyle ki çağın tiyatro şenliklerinde birçok kez birincilik alması buna kanıt olarak gösterilebilir. Sofokles’in bilinen son eseri olan ve yönetmenliğini yaparak sahneye koyduğu “Filoktetes” tragedyası çeşitli otoritelerce kendisinin en iyi dokunmuş eseri olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Aristoteles’in poetikasındaki temel kavramlar incelenecek ve Sofokles’in Filoktetes eserindeki karşılıklarının izi sürülecektir. Dolayısıyla Filoktetes’in yazgısı, iradesi ve ahlakı arasındaki diyalektik irdelenecek olup düşünsel açıdan okuyucuya katkı sunmak amaçlanmaktadır.

Clinicians Are Not Able to Infer Parental Intentions to Vaccinate Infants with a Seasonal Influenza Vaccine, and Perhaps They Should Not Try: Findings from the Pediatric Influenza Vaccination Optimization Trial (PIVOT)-IV.

This prospective cohort survey evaluated the concordance of clinicians’ perceptions of parental intentions and parents’ actual intentions to vaccinate their infants against influenza. During a routine healthy baby visit, clinicians provided parents with information about influenza, children’s vulnerability to influenza, and nonadjuvanted and adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccines (TIV and aTIV, respectively). Before and after the clinician−parent interaction, parents were surveyed about their attitudes, their perceptions of support from significant others, and the intention to vaccinate their infant with aTIV. Clinicians were asked about their perception of parents’ intentions to choose aTIV for their children. These assessments included 24 clinicians at 15 community practices and nine public health clinics, and 207 parents. The correlation coefficients of the clinicians’ assessment of parents’ intention to vaccinate were 0.483 (p < 0.001) if the vaccine was presented as free of cost, 0.266 (p < 0.001) if the cost was $25, and 0.146 (p = 0.036) if the cost was $50, accounting for 23%, 7%, and 2% of the variance in parental intentions, respectively. The clinicians were poor at predicting parental intentions to immunize, particularly when cost was involved. Information on vaccine options and influenza infection should be provided for every eligible patient to allow parents to determine if the vaccine is appropriate for their child.

Theoretical perspectives of parental influence on adolescent cyber behaviour: A bi-national Instagram-based study

An increase in adolescent social media use has exacerbated cyberbullying globally. Instagram has the highest percentage of adolescent users experiencing cybervictimisation. While past research has delved into self-driven or peer-driven motivations of cyberbullying, theory-driven research characterising external factors is integral to understanding the psyche of cyberbullies, victims, or bystanders. Examining factors moderating cyberbullying in the broader social context of family in addition to peers is vital to mitigate cyberbullying. This paper explores factors related to parent and adolescent behaviours and relationships using the theory of planned behaviour. Two Instagram-specific instruments were designed, developed, and validated. Statistical analysis and comparisons were made between participants from two countries, i.e., India and Singapore. Results showed that perceived parental control, parental behavioural intention, subjective norms, and gender were significant predictors of adolescents' cyber behaviour. While past studies have concluded that theoretical perspectives are integral to studying cyberbullying behaviours, our study gives insight on how determinants of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) predict actual intentions to cyberbully in adolescents. Further, the theoretical perspective and structural equation modelling (SEM) allows us to explore the effects of deeply held attitudes (Singapore: β = .590, p < .01; India: β = .659, p < .01), perceived parental control (Singapore: β = .068, p < .01; India: β = .192, p < .01) and subjective norms (Singapore: β = .745, p < .01; India: β = .295, p < .01) in proximal factors such as parents and their behavioural intentions. While TPB has only been used to study individual behavioural intentions in the past, the statistical analysis gives us the chance to delve into how individual behavioural intentions in family settings may affect adolescents' social media behaviour.

VACCINATION FOR NEWLY EMERGED INFECTIOUS DISEASES AS A BLESSING OR CURSE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE LEBANESE POPULATION: A TWO-PHASE STUDY

Although vaccination campaigns have been vital in mitigating the spread of many pandemics, false information about COVID-19 vaccine through social media might have a negative impact on its acceptance. In Lebanon, prior to the vaccination campaign, the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination did not exceed 20 %. In the current study, the acceptance of vaccination by Lebanese participants was studied following the launching of the vaccine. The aim of the work is to reveal the actual intention of the studied sample once the vaccine is available and investigate the change in the perception and acceptance rate of Lebanese citizens about vaccination as influenced by many factors over time. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in two separate phases (March 2021 and May 2021). In the first phase, the questionnaire included socio-demographic data and reasons for vaccine’s refusal. In the second phase, 2 sections were added, addressing the change in the attitude of participants towards vaccination, and the reasons behind this change. Data were analyzed using SPSS-version 20 and the results were considered statistically significant with p values ≤0.05. In both phases, the willingness to take the vaccine did not significantly change (p&gt;0.05). Although 80 % of participants consider vaccination important, only 50 % of the studied sample were willing to take the vaccine. Such findings confirm hesitancy that can be attributed to worries about long-term effects and incomplete information about the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. Therefore, awareness campaigns about false beliefs should be extensively conducted, with more emphasis on tailored education for special subpopulations, and other measures should be implemented more efficiently (e.g. restricted access to public places for unvaccinated individuals) to accelerate the vaccination rate.