Actual Instructions Research Articles

Understanding the Missing Links in Hahnemann's Posology for Drug Proving

AbstractHahnemannian drug proving has been reproved and clinically verified in multiple geographical locations in the last two centuries. They continue to be the most reliable and useful proving records even today. However, in absence of daybook of these provings, many practical questions essential for its successful replication have remained unanswered. In this study, we have tried to understand a few of these questions such as why Hahnemann did not mention the doses employed in his drug proving. What were his actual instructions for the repetition of doses to the provers? In 50 years, Hahnemann's propositions for posology in drug proving changed several times. Which phase and posology have contributed maximally to the existing literature? Last but not least, is the drug proving in 30th potency ‘the best and final plan’ of Hahnemann? In the process of finding answers to these questions, some fascinating facts have emerged. Notably, to prioritise individualisation in drug proving, design drug schedules more often in a successively increasing fashion and lastly, to explore all ranges of potencies for proving till little of novel character could be recorded on subsequent proving of the drug.

TRANSLATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE TO CODE: A SURVEY

- Learning to code in a new language takes a lot of time and effort for new as well as seasoned developers. There is a certain language that machines understand and we humans have to learn that language in order for us to communicate with the machine and make it do the things that we desire. To reduce this human-machine barrier of communication researchers have come up with a machine learning solution to translate natural language into code that allows developers to spend more time on logic and architecture rather than the actual instructions given to the machine. This paper surveys the approaches developed by various research scholars to translate natural language into machine understandable code. We analyze these approaches and state their boons and banes so that there is scope for improvement in this domain. This paper aims to give an idea about the various approaches in this domain to budding researchers wanting to contribute in this field.

Gegenspieler: Zur Auseinandersetzung mit dem Gegner in frühjüdischer und urchristlicher Literatur

Gegenspieler: Zur Auseinandersetzung mit dem Gegner in frühjüdischer und urchristlicher Literatur

The development of game estrategia in the senior high school learning competencies: basis for digital intelligence (phase one)

This paper determined the significance of the identified learning competencies (LCs) in the Senior High School Curriculum Guide for successful learning amidst disruption. The study used a quasi-experimental research design with forty (40) respondents taken purposively for the First Quarter – First Semester of the Academic Year 2020 – 2021. The Cognitive Process Dimension was the basis to determine the significant difference of learning competencies (LC1, LC2, LC3, and LC4) in one-tailed and two-tailed at 0.05 degrees of freedom using the t-Test Paired Two Sample Means formula. Data revealed that the respondents’ initial scores on the Summative Assessment were unsuccessful in the Applied Subject. The subject teacher proposed an “insertion” in the actual instructions following DepEd Order No. 8, s. 2015 through the development and application of Game Estrategia. The group who received an “insertion” revealed that the overall computed t value was -16.48, which was greater than the t critical value 1.68 one-tailed and 2.02 two-tailed at 0.05 level of significance, which means a significant difference between pretest and posttest in the Applied Subject. The study found out that the group performed very well in their posttest after giving them an “insertion.” Insistent with the Agency’s effort to deliver quality education, the concept of “insertion” through technology aid may improve the teaching-learning process for the identified learning competencies (LCs) in the Curriculum Guide of Secondary Public Schools. The study humbly recommended joint advocacies of the School Administrators, the Subject Teachers, and the Technical Working Group (TWG) to develop, enhance, and sustain Game Estrategia’s objectives in Basic Education. Aside from the modules regularly provided by the Secondary Public Schools, teachers can tap the promising benefits of today’s technology as alternatives to attain successful learning every day.

COPING WITH L2 SOCIOPRAGMATIC SENSITIVITY USING A STORY-BASED APPROACH

Abstract : Previous research findings have led to a gap that sociopragmatic failure, instead of pragmalinguistic failure, has scarcely been resolved despite its crucial function in communication. Therefore, this paper proposes a story-based approach, particularly a joint storytelling with multi-party interaction, to deal with learners’ L2 sociopragmatic sensitivity. EFL learners with diverse cultural backgrounds need a motivating environment with agents that can co-construct experiences for optimum learning. By telling stories, learners are engaged in social relations that set them into interpersonal interaction demanding sociopragmatic awareness necessary for the development of their L2 sociopragmatic competence. For this purpose, classroom implementation follows the dimensions of embeddedness, tellership, and tellability while the learning sequence is based on co-constructed learning principles with four stages: setting the stage, executing the storytelling, monitoring the process, and evaluating the results. Future research may be conducted to test the compatibility of the model with actual EFL classroom instructions. permalink/DOI: dx.doi.org/10.17977/um015v45i22017p108

Compreensão da prescrição de medicamentos em uma unidade básica de saúde: autorrelato do usuário e aferição pelo pesquisador

Aims: To evaluate the understanding of drug prescriptions by patients, comparing the user self-report with the researcher assessment.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2013 to February 2014 at a Basic Health Unit in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Users 18 years of age or older who sought medicines in the unit's pharmacy, for themselves or for minors under their care, were interviewed. The selection of the sample was non-probabilistic, for convenience. During the interview, the users informed if they had understood the following data of the prescriptions: drug name, dose and frequency of administration. Participants then repeated the data for researchers, being allowed to check the prescriptions at the same time. After the interviews, the answers to the questions were interpreted by the researchers, who evaluated the agreement between the information provided by the users and the actual instructions of the recipes, using the Kappa test.Results: Data were collected from 69 users of the unit's pharmacy (corresponding to 69 delivered prescriptions). Fifty-nine (85.5%) users reported having understood all the prescriptions data (self-report), while according to the measurement of the researchers, 23 (33.3%) were the respondents who simultaneously understood all data, relating to the name of the drug, number of daily doses and schedule. Kappa test indicated a degree of agreement between self-report and measurement of researchers of 0.138 (slight) considering all items of the prescription, and specifically on the number of doses the agreement was -0.055 (poor).Conclusions: Self-reported rate of patient's understanding of drug prescriptions was higher than the assessed by the researchers. This result suggests that self-report of patients with respect to the understanding of prescriptions has limitations and should be interpreted with caution both in research and in clinical practice. It is recommended to enhance the means of providing information to patients, in order to contribute to the proper understanding of drug prescriptions.

Exploring effectiveness of safety information for workplace visitors

Providing safety information to visitors is an important task of each employer, but there is little evidence on what instructions are most effective. This study explores the effectiveness of visitor instructions that are currently in use, by identifying what objectives of visitor instruction are considered most important and assessing whether the actual instructions address these objectives.Data for this study was gathered through a survey that was handed out in a workshop in Cyprus and a workshop in the Netherlands. Focus groups were organised during the workshops, instructions from real companies were handed out and their effectiveness was discussed.The findings from this explorative study show that people expect a visitor instruction to provide information on emergency plans, evacuation routes and on the main risks on the worksite. In this study, the actual visitor instructions only partially matched these expectations. The study showed that in the actual instructions a larger variety of topics was addressed. Strengths and weaknesses of the instructions, according to the participants, mainly relate to the information density and to inclusion of clear, specific information. This finding suggests that the amount of information is very important for the perception of the instruction.

Building and Programming a Smart Robotic System for Distinguishing Objects Based on their Shape and Colour

Abstract This paper presents a robotic system designed for holding and placing objects based on their colour and shape. The presented robot is given a complete set of instructions of positions and orientation angles for each manipulation motion. The main feature in this paper is that the developed robot used a combination of vision and motion systems for holding and placing the work-objects, mounted on the flat work-plane, based on their shapes and colors. This combination improves the flexibility of manipulation which may help eliminate the use of some expensive manipulation tasks in a variety of industrial applications. The robotic system presented in this paper is designed as an educational robot that possesses the ability for holding-and-placing operations with limited load. To process the various instructions for holding and placing the work objects, a main control unit - Manipulation Control Unit (MCU) is used as well as a slave unit that performed the actual instructions from the MCU.

Implementation of a reform of the instruction for sport coaches at ENEPS

The ENEPS, according to the Law of the 4th April 1984 creating a National Institute for Sport, is responsible for the instruction and formation of coaches in Luxembourg. Realizing that the outcomes of the actual instructions didn’t give satisfaction anymore, leaders of ENEPS and their partners, the Olympic Committee and the federations, came together trying to find out how to enhance the situation. Wanting to be conform to the European Qualification Framework (EQF) by installing a National Qualification Framework (NQF) basing on competences, outcomes and Long Term Athlete development (LTAD), ENEPS has reformed its instruction system concerning about all the methodology and the philosophy and not the contents. All our instructors had followed an 80 hours formation with the goal being able to implement the new structure. That's why we met Marc Schryburt, responsible at the Canadian Coach Association (CAC), knowing they have set up a new approach engaging more the future coaches. Indeed, this coach education is based on experience, application and theory (EAT), using the modular approach by an interactive learning methodology. Coach candidates are deeply involved in their own formation by applying experiences in workbooks and sometimes consulting reference books, they share experiences and answers with peers and upgrade their answers, may be also after listening to key messages of the LFs (Learning Facilitators). At the same time, LTAD is the main theme for general and specific physical preparation of the students of the new “Sportlycée” (Ministry of National Education) which, in collaboration with ENEPS, is guiding them to school and sport excellence (dual career). Most of our Federations have designed LTAD being the ideal pathway to reach international excellence. As we started with the new program in January 2014 we can’t give great conclusions. Nevertheless, we see that coach candidates are more involved and quite taken by this way of learning and doing. This approach makes coaches responsible of their own professional development.

Hand Hygiene in Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritonitis remains one of the most serious complications of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and a significant cause of transfer from the therapy. In peritonitis, analyses suggest that approximately 42% of episodes involve Staphylococcus species, organisms associated with touch contamination (1). To reduce the risk of touch contamination, patients are instructed on the importance of hand washing before performing a dialysis exchange. Hand washing to reduce the risk of infection has been advocated since the work of Semmelweis, who in 1847 proposed the use of chlorinated lime for hand hygiene (2). Maintenance of proper hand hygiene to reduce the risk of infection is a critical component of successful PD therapy. However, compliance with hand hygiene may be poor. In PD patients observed 6 months after initiation of dialysis, 51% were observed to wash their hands incorrectly (3). Hand hygiene practices are also noted to be poor in health care workers (4,5). Hand washing instructions given to patients may have significant variations. Little is known about the actual instructions given to patients on aspects of hand washing or alcohol hand rub techniques, such as method of washing, length of time, type of cleaning agent, and method of drying the hands, among others. The 2005 International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) update on PD-related infections recommendations states that “antibacterial soap and water are recommended by many centers” and suggests that if the water used to wash hands is thought to contain bacteria, an alcohol hand wash should be encouraged (6). The 2010 ISPD update of the recommendations does not discuss hand washing (7). In general, there appears to be scant discussion in the PD and related literature on hand washing techniques. This literature may be of interest to PD practitioners as they develop policies on exit-site care and exchange techniques. Are there certain ways of washing the hands that are more effective? If patients use soap, what types of soaps are recommended? If an alcohol gel is used, what preparations may be most effective? To address the foregoing issues, the existing and surprisingly rich science of hand washing is the subject of the present review. Studies of hand hygiene in health care workers provide the largest base of information from which evidence-based recommendations can be derived. The goal of our review was to expand on components of hand washing technique and to propose specific hand washing principles to the PD community.

A Study on a Teacher Reflection Method by Presenting Differences between Lesson Plan and Actual Instructions

A Study on a Teacher Reflection Method by Presenting Differences between Lesson Plan and Actual Instructions

Product quality and plant build complexity

This paper assesses the hypothesis that plant build complexity impacts quality, suggests mechanisms to explain how complexity impacts quality, and offers countermeasures to mitigate this impact. We analyse automotive assembly data that supports the proposition that plant build complexity negatively impacts quality. In addition, this paper provides actual automotive assembly line work instructions and shows how they can be represented by the Gilbreths’ fundamental work elements and plant build complexity impacts these work elements. To highlight complexity's adverse impact on quality, we compare the actual work instructions at two automotive assembly line stations–one with very little complexity and one with extreme complexity. We list common automotive assembly quality lapses and describe how they can be caused or exacerbated by complexity. Finally the paper presents practical countermeasures to mitigate complexity's impact on quality. While based on the automotive industry, the lessons apply to all complex assembly lines.

A Study on a Teacher Reflection Method by Presenting Differences between Lesson Plan and Actual Instructions

A Study on a Teacher Reflection Method by Presenting Differences between Lesson Plan and Actual Instructions

Block-aware instruction set architecture

Instruction delivery is a critical component for wide-issue, high-frequency processors since its bandwidth and accuracy place an upper limit on performance. The processor front-end accuracy and bandwidth are limited by instruction-cache misses, multicycle instruction-cache accesses, and target or direction mispredictions for control-flow operations. This paper presents a block-aware instruction set (BLISS) that allows software to assist with front-end challenges. BLISS defines basic block descriptors that are stored separately from the actual instructions in a program. We show that BLISS allows for a decoupled front-end that tolerates instruction-cache latency, facilitates instruction prefetching, and leads to higher prediction accuracy.

On-chip bugs for debug

The moment a chip arrives back from the fab is always tense. Once the first piece of silicon is down on the board and things check out electrically the thing to do is work out whether it really is an advanced system-on-chip (SoC) or a silicon-and-glass sandwich. Conceptually, the process is similar to the trace buffers used on many embedded processors. They do not capture actual instructions but record whether branches were taken or not. A debugger takes the data out through a test port and then uses it to reconstruct what happened inside the processor and display the instruction trace to the developer. With logic debug, the problem is more complex as there are so many different types of signal on the chip - not just a stream of instructions. But Novas's Siloti tool will use the recorded data in a similar way and attempt to show which signals changed during a given period.

A new kind of likeness

Britain's National Portrait Gallery, which has recently acquired a striking new wing, has this autumn also obtained a very new kind of portrait. Artist Marc Quinn has created a ‘genomic portrait’ of Sir John Sulston, former director of the Wellcome Trust's Sanger Centre near Cambridge, who led the UK arm of the human genome project which announced completion of the first draft last year. As the first entirely conceptual portrait to be shown at the gallery, it presents a detail of Sulston's genome. “While abstract in the aesthetic sense, it provides a representation of the sitter and precisely captures what is unique about him,” says Quinn. “In fact it is the most realistic portrait in the gallery since it carries the actual instructions that led to the creation of John.” “I like that it makes the invisible visible, and brings the inside out… we are the first generation to be able to see the instructions for making ourselves,” says Quinn.

Adaptive diabetes education for visually impaired persons: Teaching nonvisual diabetes self-care

This article covers the basic knowledge necessary for a nurse working in home health care to begin to incorporate the Adaptive Diabetes Education for Visually Impaired Per sons (ADEVIP) into his or her nursing practice. It includes practical information on pre paring to work with the visually impaired person, recommendations for the general as sessment areas to cover, and the actual ADEVIP instructions.

1795: Martha Laurens Ramsay's "Dark Night of the Soul"

HREE days before her death on June io, i81 I, Martha Laurens Ramsay told her husband for the first time about the diary she had kept for fourteen years of their married life. She also told him where to find it-in which drawer it was concealed, along with other private papers, at their home in Charleston. He responded by publishing the diary with some of her letters and meditations, compiled into memoir, less than six weeks after her death.1 David Ramsay's haste was surely spurred by his interpretation of his dear wife's deathbed revelation as an imprimatur. Her actual instructions were that the manuscripts, legacy to her loved ones, be kept as common book of the family. The largest portion of the diary printed in the memoir concerned the year I 7 9 5, when Martha had suffered ma or depression; thus David's editorial impulse preserved remarkably explicit account of the mental illness in eighteenth-century analytic terms, an interior description of psyche disintegrating and then restored.2 Martha wrote of her crisis in the religious rhetoric that furnished the vocabulary of citizenship and marriage, spiritual chronicle and physical trial, for educated eighteenth-century Americans. Among the religious texts that particularly influenced her were Isaac Watts's Divine and Moral Songs for Children, Richard Allestree's The Whole Duty of Man, Jeremy Taylor's Holy Living and Dying, and William Law's Serious Call to Devout and Holy Life. She was high-minded Christian who knew nearly the whole of Young's Night Thoughts from memory. Her diary also reflects imagery from other women's devotional writings and memoirs, including such self-referents as a monument of forbearing mercy or the sin of

Attitudes and knowledge of nursing staff in relation to management of postoperative pain.

The effectiveness of pain control following surgery is notoriously difficult to assess, but objective assessment by nursing staff has been found to correlate reasonably well with subjective patient assessment. A study was designed to investigate the attitudes and knowledge of 86 qualified nursing staff in relation to postoperative pain management. Overall knowledge was sound to a point, but there were some obvious deficiencies in practical application; for example, 25% of staff would wait until a patient was in severe pain before using a prescribed (charted) analgesic. Additionally, almost three-quarters of staff felt that, in general, postoperative patients received adequate pain relief, while the great majority felt that prescription writing could be improved, mainly by improved legibility and clarity of actual instructions. The results suggest that the aim of postoperative pain management--that is, the provision of adequate analgesia--may need to be more strongly defined in nursing education.