A study of knowledge attitudes and practice of birth control was conducted in 93 Punjab villages in India. Response to birth control was 90% favorable but only 48% of the respondents practiced it 1/4 irregularly. Men seemed to take responsibility for family planning; more than 2/3 of all contraceptives used were condoms. Education of the male was the only personal characteristic variable which correlated with the use of family planning and sterilization. It was found that family planning was practiced more in villages where modernization in education agricultural methods and commercial processes had already oc curred. Peer influence favorable to family planning functioned more effectively in these more developed villages. More effort toward family planning is needed. While the Indian government is advocating a family size norm of 2-3 children the mean of the ideal number of children wanted by the Punjabi farmers was 3.7. Family sizes already exceeded expectations for most farmers. Actual family size in the villages is 4.35 children.