Actual Concept Research Articles

Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A New Thread in Pandemic Era.

After the perturbing effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic, we observed intense public health efforts in a global-scale to prevent, control, and treat the SARS-CoV-2. Hundreds of clinical center researched for adequate treatments, other were devoted to the development the COVID-19 vaccines and other studied the nature and the effects of this mutant coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. As time goes by, the pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome has been recently defined and associated the COVID-19 past infection and is now considered a shot to middle-term complication of COVID-19. In this paper, we review the actual concepts of PIMS in children, the epidemiology, the clinical presentation, and evolution, the recommended laboratory and other testing. The recommended specialties interconsultation for hospitalized patients and a full discussion on the appropriate treatment of these patients. We include the Latin-American experience with PIMS and a final discussion on the outcome of this disease.

More than a pore: How voltage-gated calcium channels act on different levels of neuronal communication regulation

ABSTRACT Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) represent key regulators of the calcium influx through the plasma membrane of excitable cells, like neurons. Activated by the depolarization of the membrane, the opening of VGCCs induces very transient and local changes in the intracellular calcium concentration, known as calcium nanodomains, that in turn trigger calcium-dependent signaling cascades and the release of chemical neurotransmitters. Based on their central importance as concierges of excitation-secretion coupling and therefore neuronal communication, VGCCs have been studied in multiple aspects of neuronal function and malfunction. However, studies on molecular interaction partners and recent progress in omics technologies have extended the actual concept of these molecules. With this review, we want to illustrate some new perspectives of VGCCs reaching beyond their function as calcium-permeable pores in the plasma membrane. Therefore, we will discuss the relevance of VGCCs as voltage sensors in functional complexes with ryanodine receptors, channel-independent actions of auxiliary VGCC subunits, and provide an insight into how VGCCs even directly participate in gene regulation. Furthermore, we will illustrate how structural changes in the intracellular C-terminus of VGCCs generated by alternative splicing events might not only affect the biophysical channel characteristics but rather determine their molecular environment and downstream signaling pathways.

Development of the personnel controlling model of oil organizations

The purpose of the work is to develop proposals aimed at improving the personnel controlling model of oil organizations as a tool for managing the processes of personnel turnover. The experience of applying the system of personnel controlling in foreign countries has proven to be an effective system, providing the management with the relevant information base for timely tracking of changes in the indicators of personnel management and productivity indicators. There is theoretically confirmed interrelation between personnel turnover indicators and labor productivity that predetermines the necessity of monitoring of the given indicator in the system of personnel controlling. Meanwhile, the turnover rate itself is influenced by different internal and external factors. The suggested directions of improving the personnel controlling model consist in inclusion of the additional module, which provides the analysis of the statistical reporting; suggested system of the quantitative evaluation of the production personnel quality indicators; analytical procedure of revealing the reasons of the key personnel turnover by means of introduction of the block structure of the turnover factors evaluation of this personnel category, revealed by method of expert evaluation of the oil organization workers, which allows ranking those factors and timely develop the means of its solution. Theoretical and methodological basis of the research are the actual concepts of personnel management and personnel controlling systems study and development. Methods of expert evaluation, mathematical and statistical methods, correlation and regression analysis were used to carry out the task of estimation of the proposed recommendations.

Дополненная реальность: погружение в какой мир?

The article considers the phenomenon of augmented reality as a special hybrid reality and a part of social space. The author compares the differences in approaches to the interpretation of reality in philosophy, social theory and natural science. The provisions of phenomenological sociology are used as a methodological basis for the study. The author substantiates the necessity of conjugation of ontological and epistemological perspectives of interpretation of the “multilayer” social reality. The lack of concentration of attention in most studies on distinguishing these angles leaves the category of social reality on the periphery of the construction of social ontologies. And this is not a paradox, but a desire to avoid difficulties in choosing a research position when solving a problem of a certain class each time that arises: either to build ontological models of each layer of the social, or to re-enter into polemics about the permissible limits of avoiding solipsism. The article shows one of the possible ways out of the vicious circle of polemics about the demarcation of ontology and epistemology by presenting the concepts of ‘social reality’ and ‘social actuality’ as a means of separating research angles. Their application makes it possible to establish that the environment formed by augmented reality is much more complex than it seems to the individual in his direct perception. It includes four spaces: 1) the objective world; 2) the mental world; 3) a hybrid world as a symbiosis of real and imaginary worlds; 4) symbiosis of fragments of the real world - torn apart in space and time and combined with the help of technologies in devices, which make it possible for an individual to be present while observing their combined existence and to operate with them. The author comes to the conclusion that this feature of the organization of space with the help of augmented reality implies the specificity of the changed social space in which individuals have to interact. There is a transformation of the basic ‘cell’ of society - the system of social interaction. It has been established that augmented reality technologies provide additional, qualitatively new opportunities for influencing individual pictures of the world. Augmented reality also complicates virtual reality, introducing, in addition to fictional characteristics, the content of practical actions. Augmented reality not only ‘comprehends’ the world, but is in direct practical contact with it, turning into a special side of constant reality. It was found that the interaction of augmented reality with social reality is reversible. Thanks to this process, social reality from ‘augmented’ reality is transformed into a ‘complex’ one, the qualitative determination of which can be designated as ‘hybrid social reality’. Its mode of existence is more complex than that of the human community, and is inaccessible to them as long as they retain the biological substrate of their corporeity. But no less significant consequence for social and anthropogenic transformation is the emergence in society of its new structural unit - a techno-subject, as an actor of a new species and a new agent that forms a hybrid society. It has been established that the user of augmented reality transforms the provided visual effects in his imagination into really (beyond imagination) existing things and phenomena (ontologization). A reverse movement also takes place - from illusions fixed in the imagination as objects (created by augmented reality), back to pure illusions (reverse hypostatization). The distinction between the observed and the hidden through the introduction of the concepts of social reality and social actuality makes it possible to discover a more complex structure of the social - its multi-layered nature, supplementing the ontology of social reality and, in particular, P. Donati’s relational theory of society, with ideas about such layers as actual and potential, virtual and valid. The article considers the possibility of extending the idea of the heterarchical principle of the structure of society (developed in the works of I.V. Krasavin on the basis of the model of W. McCulloch) to the further development of the augmented reality ontology. The formation of space connections using AR technology is a continuation of the embodiment of the heterarchy principle, which brings the social structure beyond the structures of a constant society.

Cybersecurity Management for Virtual Private Network (VPN) Applications: A Proposed Framework for the Governance of their Use in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

By using the research process, this study addresses the attitudes of the members of Saudi society towards using Virtual Private Network (VPN) applications and the former’s perceptions of the latter’s concept, security, and privacy, in addition to monitoring their risks to cybersecurity. The main objective of the study is to present a proposed framework for the governance of the use of VPN applications in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to strengthen cybersecurity management. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used two methods: the social survey method and the content analysis method. The researchers also relied on the questionnaire tool to collect information from the 455 individuals in the study sample. The study yielded a set of findings, the most important of which are as follows: The use of free VPN applications represents 91% of the sample of the study. Also, the study revealed confusion in perceptions of the actual concept of VPN applications, which may be common among users, and showed a diversity of attitudes and motives for using VPN applications, most of which are related to entertainment. Moreover, the study showed that the study sample individuals had some knowledge about the risks of VPN applications to cybersecurity, although most of them did not use cyber protection means. The study recommended the need to organize and manage the use of VPN applications, conduct an evaluation of VPN applications available on Saudi smartphone stores, and prohibit those which contain security vulnerabilities and malware. The study proposed a framework for the governance of the use of VPN applications in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which comprised three dimensions: legal, organizational and awareness-based dimensions.

Functional digestive disorders in children. Guidelines of the Society of Pediatric Gastroenterologists, Hepatologists and Nutritionists. Part 2

A group of experts, leading specialists in the field of pediatric gastroenterology have prepared clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of functional digestive disorders in children; they have summarized the international recommendations and domestic experience, suggesting the tactics of in everyday pediatrician’s practice. The second part of the guidelines discusses functional disorders with abdominal pain: functional nausea and vomiting, functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain. The authors have clarified the definitions, classification and criteria for the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome taking into account actual concepts. They also have defined current therapeutic principles. The diagnosis of functional nausea and vomiting, as well as functional abdominal pain, is rarely found in our pediatric practice, and therefore the detailed information provided on these diseases is of particular importance for a practitioner.

International politics as global politics from below: Pope Francis on global politics

There are several considerations of the papacy’s vision of what global politics should be like. There are, however, few mappings of the papacy’s actual concept of global politics, of how it evaluates the current state of global politics, understood as global political, social, and economic trends, patterns, actors and their relationships. This article delineates Pope Francis’ conception of global politics and contextualises it within the papacy’s trajectory of participating in global politics. Attending to a particular concept, of how the pope thinks about global politics, helps to better understand and place the papacy in the study of global politics. The article shows how Francis conceptualises global politics from below, from the periphery of society and politics, which leads him to unmask global inequalities. In particular, the article illustrates that Francis contests widespread assumptions of central hierarchic interstate relations and individualism, dominating the conceptual discourse about global politics.

Microtensile bond strengths of short surface-coated intraradicular posts

Actual endodontic and reconstructive concepts require posts. In this trail short posts with a coronal retentive head received tribochemical-surface coating (Tbc). The microtensile-bond-strengths (μTBS) of the new short posts with and without additional coating were compared with the conventional posts concerning post and luting material. Root canals of 120 freshly extracted human anterior-teeth were endodontically treated to ISO size 80/length 6 mm and randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 40): Root canals of each group were prepared using respective drills of the post-system for the conventional posts (I), the new short posts without coating ((II), prototyp) and with coating (III). Posts of two materials (titanium and FRC) were inserted using two composites (RelyX-Unicem (RX), DentinBuild-Evo (DB)). After Thermocycling (5°/55 °C, 5000×) push-out-testing was performed for the coronal (CR), medium (MR) and apical (AR) region-of-the-post. Statistical analysis was performed (ANOVA, Bonferroni correction, α = 0.05). Highest values of μTBS were found for the short, coated posts (III) luted with DB at the (CR) (FRC:11.8 ± 7.5 N/mmÇ, Ti:13.7 ± 7.9N/mmÇ). Yet, conventional posts without coating (I) ranged on the same level at (CR) (FRC/DB:10.8 ± 3.1N/mmÇ, Ti/DB:8.7 ± 5.1N/mmÇ). μTBS decreased not significantly apically within all groups. μTBS of (II) were lower compared to (I) + (III) (p > 0.05). Posts luted with RX showed similar μTBS regardless of the area of the post-type as well as the post-material (p > 0.05). Yet, overall post types as well as post segments turned out to be significant factors (p < 0.05, 4-way ANOVA). Short, coated posts of Ti as well as FRC revealed at least similar μTBS to those of the conventional posts luted with both investigated composites cements.

Smart City Kota Magelang : Perubahan Manajemen Pemerintahan Daerah dalam Penerapan Electronic Governance

Governance perspective appears as a solution to the limitations of the government’s concept. The development of increasingly smart technologies makes the concept of ‘smart’ not only applied to a variety of devices, but also to various systems and orders. So that management changes by linking information technology in government organizations are needed. This effort is considered effective to improve government performance, especially in public services. This research using qualitative methods. This aims of this research is to find out how management changes of the Magelang City as a smart city and to find out whether are all components of both the government environmental and the communities are ready for the existence of smart city. The results of this research are management changes of Magelang City as smart city has begun. That is can be analyzed in the form of framework thinking changes, changing the structure, re-empowerment, and renewal. Readiness of the government of Magelang City is already exist to confront as smart city, but it still needs more improvement. Therefore, in the implementation of smart city program, the government of Magelang City should encourage socialization to the society that there is a form of public service through utilize information technology and carry out deliberations on it to stakeholders in order to create cooperation to realize the actual concept of smart city in Magelang City.

The Hippocampus Maps Concept Space, Not Feature Space.

The hippocampal formation encodes maps of space and a key question in neuroscience is whether its spatial coding principles also provide a universal metric for the organization of nonspatial, conceptual information. Previous work demonstrated directional coding during navigation through a continuous stimulus feature space as well as mapping of distances in a feature space that was relevant for concept learning. Here we provide the first unambiguous evidence for a hippocampal representation of the actual concept space, by showing that the hippocampal distance signal selectively reflects the mapping of specifically conceptually relevant rather than of all feature dimensions. During fMRI scanning of 32 human participants (21 females), we presented everyday objects, which had beforehand been associated with specific values on three continuous feature dimensions. Crucially, only two dimensions were relevant to prior concept learning. We find that hippocampal responses to the objects reflect their relative distances in a space defined along conceptually relevant dimensions compared with distances in a space defined along all feature dimensions. These findings suggest that the hippocampus supports knowledge acquisition by dynamically encoding information in a space spanned along dimensions that are relevant in relation to define concepts.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How are neural representations of conceptual knowledge organized, such that humans are able to infer never experienced relations or categorize new exemplars? Map-like representations as supported by the hippocampal formation to encode physical space during navigation have been suggested as a suitable format. Here we provide the first evidence for a hippocampal representation of a conceptual space compared with a general feature-based space.

Aproximación a los nuevos conceptos sobre violencia y acoso en el trabajo a partir de la aprobación del Convenio OIT 190

El Convenio OIT 190 sobre la eliminación de la violencia y el acoso en el mundo del trabajo adoptado en 2019 establece un nuevo concepto sobre violencia y acoso de carácter amplio y general. Por ello se requiere revisar los múltiples conceptos existentes en nuestra legislación, así como las actuales interpretaciones judiciales y doctrinales de los mismos, con especial hincapié en lo que se denomina acoso moral que no está definido legalmente. La nueva norma internacional va a requerir replantearse la concepción de la violencia y el acoso por razón de género como subcategoría de la violencia y acoso por motivos discriminatorios y, también, la adecuación de los conceptos de trabajador y del lugar de trabajo como ámbitos de aplicación de la normativa con respecto a la prevención, protección y tutela que ofrece la misma frente a la violencia y el acoso en el ámbito laboral.

From Trash to Treasure

The paper, based on an ongoing research project conducted in Finland, examines voluntary dumpster diving as a practice of valuation. Its main questions are: How is voluntary dumpster diving intertwined with the question of value? And, conversely, what can dumpster diving teach us about practices of valuation more generally? The article proceeds via three steps. First, in order to emphasize the creative side of dumpster diving as a practice of valuation, we draw on Georg Simmel’s theory of value, supplementing it with the concepts of actuality and virtuality, as elaborated by Gilles Deleuze. Second, we look more closely into the practicalities of valuation evident in dumpster diving. It involves a particular orientation to the urban environment that we call the scavenger gaze. Third, the informants also value the practice itself in relation to its societal relevance. They think about dumpster diving as a way of doing good and as part of an ecologically sound form of life. All in all, as value does not reside inherently in waste or would simply be merely the product of subjective judgment, the analyst must attend to multiple modes of valuation evident in the practice, among which there is no self-evident hierarchy.

Still searching for (education for) sustainable development – reflections on the need, challenges, and chances of transforming education in the 21st century

Scientific evidence has been put forward over and over again in the past decades that, during the Anthropocene, human impact on the various spheres of the Earth has grown to an extent that actually threatens the overall resilience of the Earth system and thus the basis for the existence of future societies. New concepts to tackle the problems ahead and to regain control about positive future development are urgently needed. Education – or rather the transformation of education – and the possible role of education as a key instrument to reach the Sustainable Development Goals could play a prominent role here. However, as both sustainable development and education for sustainable development are still in their infancy, radical changes of the actual concepts of education (for sustainable development) and a new focus on (constructivist) learning have to be discussed. In this paper, the needs, challenges, and chances of transforming education in and for the 21st century are reflected upon .

Peningkatan pemahaman konsep geometri melalui tahapan berfikir Van Hiele di SMP Negeri 8 Langsa

Understanding the concept is a benchmark students can proceed to the next stage in the learning process. Van Hiele's thinking stage is a solution to direct students to the actual concept of geometry. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an increase in understanding of the geometrical concepts of eighth grade students of SMPN 8 Langsa through Van Hiele thinking stages. This study used a One Group Pretest-Posttest Desaign research design. With a population of all eighth grade students of SMPN 8 Langsa, the sample was selected using a simple random sampling technique, namely grade VIII1 students. The instrument uses the ability to understand the ability of geometric concepts in the form of a description consisting of 6 questions. From the results of the calculation of the percentage of students understanding the concept of geometry shows an increase of 48%. The results of data analysis obtained that count&gt; ttable is 12.59&gt; 2.08, this means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, so the conclusion obtained is that there is an increase in understanding of students' geometry concepts through the stages of van hiele thinking at SMPN 8 Langsa.

ПОНЯТІЙНО-КАТЕГОРІАЛЬЙНИЙ АПАРАТ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-АНАЛІТИЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПРИКОРДОННОЇ СЛУЖБИ УКРАЇНИ

У статті, на основі вивчення низки наукових джерел та думки провідних вчених і фахівців, проаналізовано загальні підходи щодо теоретико-методологічного базису у сфері інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення діяльності Державної прикордонної служби України, зокрема, щодо обґрунтування, тлумачення та етимології основних понять у зазначеній сфері суспільних відносин, таких як: інформація, аналітика, інформаційно-аналітична діяльність, інформаційно-аналітичне забезпечення, публічна інформація тощо.&#x0D; Проведено аналіз дефініції «інформація», з врахуванням контексту використання терміну. Розглянуто полісемію поняття «аналітика», її розгалуженість, принципи, методи, прийоми, дисципліни, компоненти, складові зазначеної системи знань та науки, що вона в себе включає. Розглянуто аналітику як систему знань та як діяльність. Сформовано власну думку з приводу вищезазначеного поняття.&#x0D; Розглянуто поняття «діяльності», її форми, складові, специфічні ознаки, суб’єкти та види. Розкрито диференціацію діяльності державних органів за різними критеріями, зокрема, такими як: за загальнодержавним та територіальним масштабом, за порядком чи способами вирішення завдань, за джерелами фінансування, за обсягом та характером компетенції, її класифікацію за змістом і об’єктом дії. Сформоване власне поняття діяльності в інформаціно-аналітичній площині.&#x0D; Розглянуто консолідоване поняття «інформаційно-аналітичної діяльності» у теоретичному та прикладному відношеннях, її мету, складові, цілі, завдання, вплив на прийняття управлінських рішень та місце в процесі реалізації функцій Державної прикордонної служби України.&#x0D; Акцентовано увагу на нормативно-правовому забезпеченні інформаційно-аналітичної діяльності Державної прикордонної служби України та сформовано власне бачення цього поняття а також важливість цього процесу у прийнятті управлінських рішень.

PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP GEOMETRI MELALUI TAHAPAN BERFIKIR VAN HIELE DI SMP NEGERI 8 LANGSA

Understanding the concept is a benchmark students can proceed to the next stage in the learning process and the stage of thinking Van Hiele is a good solution to direct students to the actual concept of geometry. Stages of thinking Van Hiele specializes in teaching geometry. There are three main elements in teaching geometry, namely time, teaching material, and the teaching methods applied. If the three elements are arranged in an integrated manner, they will be able to improve students' thinking abilities to the higher stages of thinking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an increase in understanding of the geometrical concepts of eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 8 Langsa through the Van Hiele thinking stage. This research was classified into quasi-experimental research. This study uses a One Group Pretest-Posttest Desaign research design. The population in this study were all eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 8 Langsa. Samples were taken using simple random sampling technique and students of class VIII I were selected as sample classes. The instrument of this study is the ability to understand concept tests. This test was arranged in the form of a description consisting of 6 questions. From the results of the calculation of the percentage understanding of students' geometrical concepts showed an increase of 48%. The results of data analysis obtained that count&gt; t table is 12.59&gt; 2.08, this means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, so it can be concluded that there is an increase in understanding of students' geometry concepts through the stages of van hiele thinking at SMP Negeri 8 Langsa.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Stages of thinking Van Hiele, Ability to understand concepts and Geometry.

Surmounting of Visual Chaos in Urban Space

The importance of this article content is called forth by the fast public space changes that have been taking place in cities of Russia during last decades. To a certain extent, these changes are associated with new information media and means. Nowadays, the visual aids that dominate the public space are advertisements. The aim of advertising is to promote products and services informing the target audience. Forms and ways of achieving it are defined by the customer and the advertising agency. An avalanche of advertising information is trying to occupy a larger space and is doing it more and more actively and sophisticatedly. The visual chaos that resulted from aggressive advertising forms, creates a large number of problems for the residents; sometimes the situation does not seem safe enough. The objective of the given article is to analyze a complex of problems related to existing forms, effectiveness, and art quality of advertisements in the context of the urban environment. The article deals with historical experience of advertising techniques, forms and methods for public space advertising and visual object humanization offered by the world designer community. Most interesting methods successfully integrated in the contemporary urban environment for solving the above mentioned problems are given as well. As a result, new projects can be drawn up by young designers, student architecture studios, and decorative artist alliances. Paradoxical ideas, new forms of designing, an art of large-scale element arrangement, and an ability to find basic factors of interaction of space and form will help to surmount visual chaos, to reduce the urban context tension, and to form an aesthetically attractive visual informative imagery of the environment of Russia’s cities. This article is meant to be a basis of the content that allows to get quickly acquainted with actual concepts and methods for solving problems of advertisement integration in the visual structure of contemporary cities by means of actual forms of visualization, gaming technologies, and new forms of actual art.

Actual Art. Ideas and Technologies in an Urban Context

Russia’s public interest is focused on modernization problems. To make Russia’s towns and cities look up-to-date must be the main task of this process. Actual art can become an effective way to aestheticism the urban area. The objective of the given article is to define and specify mechanisms of new cultural actions aimed at a creation of a new experimental phenomenon – an urban area as an integral exhibit space. At present, there are a great many methods for changing the situation in the cultural context of modern towns and cities. Nowadays, actual forms of art can become a most efficient tool of social co-operation. Informational, didactic, aesthetic, and ideological functions of art implemented in large-scale town art projects and art objects can significantly influence town residents’ way of thinking, help to unite the local community, form new kinds of leisure activities, and encourage creative activities of people of all ages. Involving young designer teams, student architectural studios, and decorative artist alliances can be regarded as a method for solving the above mentioned problems. In this case, the major idea is to make joint team efforts in order to create innovation residential areas. The results can be expressed in design concepts directed towards integrating contemporary art into the context of the urban environment. This article is meant to be a basis of the content that will allow to get quickly acquainted with actual concepts and methods for solving problems of forming cultural “landscape” and contemporary urban area ambience. Provided, active involving creative youth in co-operation process for both, creation of art objects and discussion of them, is to be a necessary condition. Cognitive methods for mastering actual art techniques, new visualization forms, and gaming and carnival scripts of art projects presentations are intended to become an efficient mechanism for creating a basically new appearance of towns and cities.

Virtual Reality Media: The Simulation of Relativity Theory on Smartphone

Learning physics science is ideally accomplished through the experiments, although the theory of special relativity is challenging to understand. It is difficult because this topic has not occurred in real experience, and no technology has launched at the speed of light. To understand this theory, Virtual Reality (VR) can potentially visualize the actual concept of relativity by presenting an artificial environment to the students. The aim of this research is to develop the virtual reality application as a learning media for special relativity. This Research and Development uses the Lee and Owens Model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The system development method used is black-box testing. The result of the development of this system is the creation of a VR application to explain the material of relativity. From the results of black-box testing, the test results show that the percentage of application system success is 83%, which indicates that the application is functioning correctly on smartphone usage so that this application can be used on the theory of relativity simulation users using virtual reality devices.

Treating Turkish-Armenian Relations with Symbolism in Literary Works: The Example of Ömer Seyfettin's "Ashab-ı Kehfimiz" (Diary of an Armenian Youth)

In the latter years of the Ottoman Empire, Turkish-Armenian Relations was one of the issues that regularly dominated the nation's political and intellectual life. Some writers were able to convey a heated topic of the time using symbols rather than by speaking directly to the issue. This approach has also been followed by certain authors who are concerned that criticizing the present administration and its policies may result in fines or punishments. By employing symbols, making up fictional characters to represent both their own and the other party's thinking, and telling tales about actual events and concepts, they were able to do away with these fines and penalties. Ömer Seyfettin's "Ashab-ı Kehfimiz" (Diary of an Armenian Youth), which is the subject of the article, is such a work. The researchers who will examine social and political events should consider such works, which will make their research more equipped. In this novel, the author put himself in the place of an Armenian youth and wrote down the events as if he were keeping a diary, and conveyed the events and the general scene in this way.