Actual Capacity Research Articles

Comparison between functional lung volume measurement and segment counting for predicting postoperative pulmonary function after pulmonary resection in lung cancer patients

BackgroundFunctional lung volume (FLV) obtained from computed tomography images was a breakthrough for lung imaging and functional assessment. We compared the accuracy of the FLV measurement method and the segment-counting (SC) method in predicting postoperative pulmonary function.MethodsA total of 113 patients who underwent two thoracoscopic surgeries were enrolled in our study. We predicted postoperative pulmonary function by the FLV measurement method and the SC method. Novel formulas based on the FLV measurement method were established using linear regression equations between the factors affecting pulmonary function and the measured values.ResultsThe predicted postoperative forced vital capacity (ppoFVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppoFEV1) measured by the 2 methods showed high concordance between the actual postoperative forced vital capacity (postFVC) and the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (postFEV1) [r = 0.762, P < 0.001 (FLV method) and r = 0.759, P < 0.001 (SC method) for FVC; r = 0.790, P < 0.001 (FLV method) and r = 0.795, P < 0.001 (SC method) for FEV1]. Regression analysis showed that the measured preoperative pulmonary function parameters (FVC, FEV1) and the ratio of reduced FLV to preoperative FLV were significantly associated with the actual postoperative values and could predict these parameters (all P < 0.001). The feasibility of using these equations [postFVC = 0.8 × FVC − 0.784 × ΔFLV/FLV + 0.283 (R2 = 0.677, RSD = 0.338), postFEV1 = 0.766 × FEV1 − 0.694 × ΔFLV/FLV + 0.22 (R2 = 0.743, RSD = 0.265)] to predict the pulmonary function parameters after wedge resection was also verified.ConclusionsThe new FLV measurement method is valuable for predicting postoperative pulmonary function in patients undergoing lung resection surgery, with accuracy and consistency similar to those of the conventional SC method.

Wind-induced probabilistic failure analysis of super large cooling tower with random field properties

As the largest civil engineering structure, its failure analysis has become to the focus of researches. However, most of studies ignore the inherent spatial variability of material properties, which exist widely in the actual engineering. Therefore, the influence of the spatial uncertainty is still unknown. In this study, an actual super large cooling tower under strong wind is investigated by the finite element (FE) analysis method first. And a three-stage non-Gaussian random field representation is proposed to characterize the spatial variability of material properties. Then 1200 random FE models with random concrete properties are investigated and analyzed. The results show that the spatial variability of material properties will not influence the wind-induced failure mode, i.e., the failure of the cooling tower is still caused by the loss of material strengths. However, the ultimate capacity will be affected by random material properties. The capacity is generally distributed in a lognormal form, and the mean value is less than the capacity obtained from the deterministic model. In some cases, the deterministic analysis will overestimate the actual capacity of the cooling tower.

Estimation of state of charge for hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle Li-ion power battery for considering rapid temperature change

State of Charge (SOC) estimation of power battery is essential for hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems. During the flight of a hybrid UAV, the ambient temperature changes rapidly. The battery parameters also change with the temperature, which deteriorates the accuracy of SOC estimation. Given the above problems, this paper proposes a bipolar equivalent circuit model of a Li-ion battery and its R, C parameter identification method based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm, considering the impact of rapid changes in ambient temperature on battery parameters during the flight of a hybrid UAV. On this basis, a Fast Temperature Correction Adaptive Particle Filter (FTC-APF) SOC estimation method is proposed. This method not only considers the rapid change of temperature to update the actual capacity, Open Circuit Voltage (OCV), and Dual Polarization (DP) model parameters in real time but also weakens the impact of the uncertainty noise generated by external disturbances or sensors on the SOC estimation of Li-ion battery by predicting the process noise and updating the observation noise. The experimental results show that, compared with the existing research, the proposed method effectively achieves the accurate estimation of SOC of the hybrid UAV lithium-ion battery under the condition of rapid temperature change.

A Methodology for Multi-criteria Assessment of Chiller Plants for Building Setup Utilising Waste Heat and Solar Energy

Incorporating a central chilled water hub within an eco-industrial park may boost cost-cutting and carbon reductions. Yet, there are various ways to power it, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages in respect of cost, environmental impact, and technological feasibility. Consequently, it might be challenging to negotiate a settlement with other members in an eco-industrial park because of their conflicting interests. A multi-criteria optimization method is used in this study to compare several centralized chiller systems that are powered by varying compositions of energy forms, to reduce total yearly expenditures for the whole complete building setup. An electric-driven chiller, multi-effect absorption chillers with several effects, and adsorption chillers are installed in the centrally located chilled water system. These components were chosen so that the system could use a wide range of fuels, such as electricity, fossil fuels, chillers, and even solar energy. Afterwards, the TOPSIS is employed to do a multiple criterion ranking on all plans, relying not only on the interests of the building but also on the priorities of individual chiller plants. The conceptual approach assures that cost reduction and user comfort are considered throughout the development of a chilled water system for the building setup. Among the nine criterions selected for the study, The weightage calculated were as follows: Actual capacity- 18%, Total Input power-13%, Speed of Compressor- 5%, EER- 13%, Running current -6%, Max Starting current-6%, Flow rate- 6%, Input power- 19% and Operating Weight- 14%. While ranking chillers AC Screw 355 TR VFD achieved highest performance score of 0.54 followed by AC Screw 355 TR STAR-DELTA with a performance score of 0.51. The novel study will aid the building owners in selecting the best design for chillers while maintaining a sustainable aspect in chillers which is important in building to attain green structure model.

Research on Residual Bearing Capacity Calculation Method and Changing Law of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder with Damage

Due to the simple design and convenient construction of prestressed concrete box girder bridges, it is widely used in bridge construction in China. At present, the load test of bridge is the most direct and effective method to evaluate the actual bearing capacity of the structure. However, this method has barriers including high cost, long time, and unfriendly to the damaged structure. Besides, the calculation method of the ultimate bearing capacity of damaged structures is relatively subjective and uncertain. Therefore, this study combines the full‐size model test results of a newly built 30 m prestressed concrete box girder, and the mechanical properties of the test beam under three different working states (elastic, elastic‐plastic, and plastic stage) are obtained. The stiffness degradation and bearing capacity change law of precast prestressed concrete box girder during failure are investigated. Two different stiffness damage reduction coefficients are defined. Combined with the structural characteristics of this kind of precast prestressed concrete box girder and the calculation formula of flexural rigidity of cracked members given by the code, the calculation formula of the actual residual bearing capacity of members is proposed based on the stiffness damage reduction coefficient. The results show that the reduction coefficients of flexural stiffness defined by the two methods have the same variation trend. The stiffness reduction effect of the box girder after damage is evident. The stiffness reduction of the box girder from the cracking damage to the ultimate bearing capacity state is about 40%, and the stiffness reduction of the two adjacent sections can be approximately linear distribution. The deviation between the residual bearing capacity calculated based on the stiffness damage reduction coefficient and the test value is less than 5%. Combined with the distribution law of the stiffness reduction coefficient along the longitudinal section of the box girder, the distribution law of the actual residual bearing capacity along the longitudinal section of the box girder after the damage occurred in the midspan section can be calculated. This calculation method changes the previous assessment method of structural technical condition from qualitative assessment to quantitative assessment, which can be the reference for evaluating the technical condition of damaged bridges and the calculation of residual bearing capacity in engineering.

Исследования проектного облика электротермического микродвигателя с пористой структурой для двигательных установок малых космических аппаратов

The results of experimental studies on nitrogen with an overpressure of 0,02 MPa resistojet propulsion system of a small spacecraft with a porous structure weighing 45 g and an autonomous heating element with a radius of 3 mm with a power consumption of up to 60 watts for a warm-up time of up to 300 s are presented. The possibility of using a porous structure as a volumetric fuel gas pipeline with an increase in heat transfer intensity has been experimentally proved and the actual specific heat capacity of the porous structure has been determined. Taking into account the actual specific heat capacity, theoretical studies of the mass and geometry of the porous structure in the resistojet composition are carried out, optimal with respect to the autonomous heating element used by the power and the amount of fuel heating in the range (573–1273) K. Taking into account the radius of the heating element, the fuel temperature range (573–973) K corresponding to the optimal masses and radii of the porous structure for the formation of the resistojet design layout is determined.

Experimental study on real-time measurement of single-event effects of 14 nm FinFET and 28 nm planar CMOS SRAMs based on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Based on the Yangbajing International Cosmic Ray Observatory in Lhasa with an altitude of 4300 m, a long-term real-time experiment is carried out in order to measure the atmospheric radiation induced soft errors in 14 nm FinFET and 28 nm planar CMOS SRAM array. The underlying mechanisms are also revealed. Five boards are used in the test, four of which are equipped with 28-nm process devices, and one board is equipped with 14-nm process devices. After removing the unstable bad bits, the actual effective test capacity is 7.1 Gb. During the test, the on-board FPGA reads the stored contents of all the tested devices in real time, reports the error information (occurrence time, board number, column number, device number, error address, error data) and corrects the error. The duration of the test is 6651 h. A total of 56 single event upset (SEU) events are observed, they being 24 single bit upset (SBU) events and 32 Multiple Cell Upset (MCU) events. Based on previous results of 65-nm SRAM, the study finds that SER continues to decrease with the reduction of process size, but the proportion of MCU in 28-nm process devices (57%) exceeds SBU, which is a process “maximum point” of MCU sensitivity, and the maximum size of MCU is 16 bits. Although the Fin spacing of the 14-nm FinFET device is only about 35 nm, and the critical charge decreases to sub-fC, the introduction of the FinFET structure leads to the change of charge collection and the sensitive volume sharing mechanism , and the shallow trench isolation leads to the narrowing of the charge diffusion channel. On the other hand, the surface area of the sensitive volume decreases to 0.0024 μm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, resulting in a significant decrease in the soft error rate of both SBU and MCU in the 14-nm process.

ORIENTAÇÃO DE TREINAMENTO ESPORTIVO EM FACULDADES E UNIVERSIDADES DURANTE A EPIDEMIA

ABSTRACT Introduction: The epidemic has impacted the pace of teaching in colleges and universities, especially in physical education practical classes. Both online physical education and students’ spontaneous exercise are restricted by space and infrastructure, making it necessary to seek guidelines for adjusting sports training. Objective: Investigate the current status of physical exercise by college students during the epidemic period, exploring data management strategies for the guidance of actions in exercise practice by colleges and universities. Methods: An online questionnaire survey was conducted among college and university students from different regions. The online data were entered, sorted, and analyzed using the questionnaire platform in question and Excel software. Results: The college students-maintained exercise frequency between three to seven sessions per week, with an average duration of 30 to 90 minutes in each session. As for the effect of the exercises performed, after optimal training, the theoretical exercise score was 3.74 points, the exercise capacity score was 3.68 points, and the actual exercise capacity score was 2.96 points. A score of 3.89 points was obtained for self-regulation and 4.23 points for stress regulation. However, due to the limits imposed by the local infrastructure and the fact that the online teaching content is slightly adapted to the real situation, it still requires adjustments. Conclusion: Colleges and universities should strengthen sports data management, manage the situation and students’ physical needs in a timely manner, and provide targeted guidance to students’ movements. Adjustments of methods and content to online teaching should consider the actual needs of students, providing better sports support to students during the epidemic. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

Finding reserves of bearing capacity of bored piles

In recent years, due to population growth plans and accelerated economic development, high-rise buildings have become increasingly common in many cities and megapolises around the world. Due to the development of engineering construction, the type and technology of pile footing, which form the basis of such buildings, as well as the control of both single piles and a group of piles, have been significantly improved. At the same time, today the task of adequate assessment of the pile load capacity and justification of effective methods of revealing the reserves of its increase is actualized, because the manufacturing technology is constantly developing, in addition, often the functional purpose of the building itself, the type and intensity of the loads acting on it change. In view of the above, the purpose of the article is to investigate modern scientific- methodological approaches to search for reserves of bored pile load capacity. In order to carry out the study, the article used numerical methods for analyzing the stress-strain state of piles and means of the software package "Plaxis 3D Faundation". In the course of empirical experiments, it was found that the most acceptable results in the load testing of bored piles are given by the Shen method. Besides, the comparison of the results of static probing and static tests with theoretical calculations allowed to reveal the reserves of the actual pile load capacity, and also to determine on what parameters of its installation and characteristics the difference in load capacity depends more: the soil sciences in the pile base, pile diameter, pile length. Theoretical significance of the obtained results lies in the development of methodology for identifying reserves to increase the load capacity of bored piles. Conclusions have practical value that can be used in the process of laying the foundation of high-rise buildings to optimize the number and geometry of pile placement taking into account the reserve of their bearing capacity.

Research on the Countermeasures to Promote the Optimal Allocation of Public Service Resources under Population Mobility

At the beginning of the establishment of Chinese household registration system, urban public services were linked to the household registration system and only provided to urban residents considering the actual supply capacity of cities. This move was also to adapt to the planned economy and industrial development needs. With the changing times and the needs of economic development, population flow policy has been lifted and population flow has accelerated. The problems of supply gap, unequal supply and low supply quality of public services have gradually emerged, and the allocation of public service resources is in urgent need of optimization. By combing the literature related to population mobility, household registration system and public service, this study traces the source contradictions from the theoretical and practical level and studies its development and evolution. In order to promote the optimal allocation of urban public service resources, combined with the actual urban development, Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to promote the decoupling process of household registration system and urban public service supply, accelerate the implementation process of supporting reform, explore the further development of the form of voucher system government purchase of public services, and implement the differentiated allocation of resources for different public services.

LiCoO2 cathode surface modification with optimally structured Li3PO4 for outstanding high-voltage cycling performance.

While researchers often adopt a higher operating voltage to further enlarge the actual specific capacity of LCO to expand its application scope and market share, this triggers some more intractable issues in that the capacity decays obviously and causes the attendant problem of safety. Li3PO4 shows the advantage of increasing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries due to its characteristic ionic conduction when coated onto an LCO cathode. Enhancing the conductivity of cathode materials is the key factor in the success of raising their operating voltage to meet emerging market demands. Here, we report a direct facile coprecipitation method for coating crystalized Li3PO4 onto an LCO surface that enables balancing the ionic conductivity and chemical stability. LCO@ Li3PO4 crystalline lithium phosphate can generate superior electrical contact with the cathode material for high capacity and effectively stabilize the cathode surface by reducing the formation of SEI/CEI to prolong the cycle life. The optimized LP-3 cathode can deliver a high initial discharge capacity of 181 mA h g-1 at 0.5C, with a capacity retention of 75% after 200 cycles. This study introduces a competitive strategy to produce a high-voltage LCO cathode via the most viable and economical method.

Experimental investigation of FRCM under shear loading

Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) can be used to improve the shear strength of masonry walls. The contribution of the FRCM is evaluated, accordingly to existing standard, taking into account the FRCM-to-substrate bond strength and the tensile strength of bare fabrics, neglecting the mortar matrix. Nevertheless, to date, there are no experimental tests that provide the actual shear capacity of the FRCM alone and not bonded to the substrate. To this scope, a four-hinge articulated steel frame was designed to investigate the shear behaviour of small-scale square specimens, as well as the mechanism of shear stress transfer between the fabric and the mortar. This paper presents the outcomes of shear tests performed on four FRCM composites, comprising of two basalt fabrics embedded in either lime- or cement-based mortars, in order to assess the influence of the single components. Digital image correlation (DIC) was also used to determine the displacement fields, strains and to detect the crack pattern of the specimens.

Validation of a balancing model based on master-slave battery management system architecture

The battery management system (BMS) performs the monitoring and control of the charging/discharging process of the cell, state of charge estimation, battery safety and protection, state of health estimation, cell balancing, and thermal management. These control operations ensure accurate, safe, and reliable operating conditions, individual cell damage on battery string, and increase the cell life. Battery balancing is one of the key technologies in the BMS, which affects the actual usable capacity range, performance, and lifetime of the entire battery module. However, it is difficult to evaluate or compare the performance of the overall BMS under the multi-series battery module structure. Most of the proposed battery energy storage system (ESS) models focus on energy distribution and system estimation (microgrid or renewable energy). This study develops a balancing model for estimating the balancing performance of the BMS. A Master-Slave BMS (MS-BMS) is proposed to validate the balancing model. The Master and Slaves of the BMS employed a traditional flyback converter with a MOSFET switching array and bidirectional flyback converters with photoMOS arrays, respectively, to perform the balancing behavior. The balancing skill, balancing circuit power, equalization speed, control simplicity, modularization simplicity, and cost has been considered in designing the proposed BMS. The simulation results are verified with the experimental results, which are then compared with the balancing model's results under the five balancing conditions, and the average absolute error of the balancing duration results is 3.12%. The performance of the proposed BMS is also compared with the existing modular BMS architecture, which validates the advantages of the proposed BMS including equalization speed, control simplicity, modularization simplicity, and cost.

Analysis of Expected and Actual Capacity of R3 Batteries Among Different Manufacturers

At the turn of the year 2021 and 2022, research was conducted on R3-type Ni-MH batteries distributed in the Polish, German, and Portuguese markets. Thirteen battery manufacturers were subjected to tests as part of the research. Specially designed microprocessor equipment was used to test the batteries’ capacities when discharged at currents ranging from 100 mA to 1 A. After discharging each battery, the equipment initiated the charging process.

Calculating the volume of Tan Mieu lake in Thanh Noi area, Hue City, for the urban stormwater drainage system

Detention lakes, which are effective means of flood control, are highly effective in sustainable drainage solutions. Numerous factors diminish the regulating reservoir's function for urban drainages, such as the lake's small volume, an inadequate drainage system, and restricted outflow from the lake. Therefore, this study applies the method of limited rainfall intensity to calculate the stormwater flow into the lake and determine the volume of the detention lakes according to TCVN 7957: 2008 [1] to the sub-basin of Tan Mieu. It is confirmed that the volume of the lake in the region and the level of outflow from the lake, which are essential factors in flood mitigation, is not suitable for the rainfall characteristics of the area. The results show that with the planned outflow of Qx = 1/3 × Qt, the lake's actual capacity is roughly a half of the required lake capacity. With the option Qx = 1/2 × Qt, the actual volume of the lake is 1.2 times smaller than the calculated capacity. Therefore, increasing the lake's volume and outflow volume from the lake minimizes local flooding.

Design and Performance Evaluation of Grain Feed Grinding Machine

The importance of milling grains into fine flours has a full advantage for homogeneity and size reduction for feed suitability. The grinding technology was made with locally available and affordable materials. Milling technology is promised technology mainly proposed for fish feed and can be used for any animals feed production that has been made with the factors considered in design standard and material properties. The hammer mill blades are replaceable or can regrind easily if they were worn out. This machine was designed and constructed for crushing locally available grains of maize, sorghum, wheat, barley, and other gains mainly for fish. And the parameters have been analyzed using statistix 8.0 software tool with different sieve hole-sizes (1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm) with corresponding independent variables; mass before and after grinding, grinding time, actual capacity, and crushing efficiency. The coefficient of variation of maize, wheat, and sorghum in respective sieve sizes for the grinding time and crushing efficiency was within the range of acceptable value of less than 7%. The power required for the milling has been determined 3000 W and the rotor speed was stepped up to 1800 rpm. The maximum capacity and crushing efficiency of this mill machine for different grains range from 65-78 kg h-1 and 90-95% respectively.

Про визначення вантажопідйомності автодорожніх мостів

Information is provided on the methodological recommendations developed and adopted by Ukravtodor for determining the carrying capacity of road bridges. The main provisions of these recommendations are briefly outlined. For practical application, the carrying capacity of the bridge is defined as: – the maximum total mass of the vehicle moving in the column is permissible; – the maximum total mass of a heavy vehicle moving in a single order is permissible; – permissible maximum load on the axle of the vehicle. The initial data for determining the actual carrying capacity of the bridge are the results of its inspection and data from technical documentation. All detected defects and deviations of the structure from the project should be analyzed and taken into account when determining its actual carrying capacity. The carrying capacity of the bridge is defined as the minimum value, which was determined by checking the boundary states for its main structures: supports, span structures and slabs of the carriageway. Inspections of sections of structures are performed by comparing the calculated force from the time load and the limiting force for the cross-section of the structure to be checked, minus the forces from constant and other loads. Recommendations for the selection of sections that are checked and algorithms for these checks are provided. When determining the carrying capacity in the form of an acceptable total mass of the vehicle in the column, the temporary load is taken according to the load schemes H-30 and H-40. These loads are truck columns weighing 30 tons each and weighing 40 tons each. The carrying capacity for the permissible weight of a single heavy vehicle is determined according to the NK-80 scheme (weight parameter 80 tons). The carrying capacity for the permissible axle load is determined by multiplying the load capacity ratio relative to the load according to the A-11 scheme (weight parameter 12 tons). Road signs in front of the bridge, which limit the weight parameters of vehicles, must have the value of the actual carrying capacity of the bridge according to the permissible total mass of the vehicle in the column and the permissible axle load, respectively. Keywords: road bridge, carrying capacity, road signs, technical condition.

Evaluation of Hydrological Response of an Agricultural Watershed to Conservation Measures and Land Use Changes: A Case Study

An agricultural watershed falling in the catchment of Godavri basin was selected for the study. Paddy, Maize, Cotton, Red gram, and Vegetables are the major crops grown in the watershed. Severe soil erosion consequent degradation of land and lack of water resources for supplementary irrigation and high dependence on rainfed farming leading to poor crop yields were the major problems in the watershed. With a view to address the issues in rainfed farming compounded by increasing adverse effects of climate change, soil and water conservation measures including area and drainage line treatments from ridge to valley were implemented in the watershed from the year 2009 to 2015 with the active participation of local people with facilitation support by a local civil society organization. With the implementation of the conservation measures, visible impact in terms of increased water availability, change in the land use and increased area under cultivation were reported in the watershed. The present study aimed at assessing the hydrological response of the watershed to the conservation measures and land use changes. As the study watershed is an ungauged one, the hydrological response of watershed was simulated with commonly used SCS-CN model duly validated with additional surface storage capacity created in the watershed. The study revealed highly positive impact of conservation measures and land use changes on hydrological behaviour of watershed. The main observed change in hydrological response of watershed was the decrease in the monsoon seasonal runoff by 33% (from 15 % before taking up catchment management measures to 10 % of seasonal rainfall after the project). The conservation measures were found to facilitate storing excess runoff in the watershed itself contributing to improved soil moisture, groundwater recharge and availability of water. Further, the additional storage capacity of 336 cubic m per hectare as estimated from the present hydrological response study was found to be in very close agreement with actual storage capacity of 322 cubic m per hectare, created with different conservation works taken up in the watershed.

A Literature Review of Adult Students' Reading Comprehension: Inputs for Distance Education in Costa Rica

Reading comprehension is of the utmost importance in distance education since the written text still remains the prevailing way to transmit information in classes. The purpose of this paper is to describe the way in which reading comprehension of adult learners, especially university students, is documented through a literature review to generate helpful inputs for decision making in distance education in Costa Rica. A systematic literature review was carried out in three stages, which included a review protocol, Boolean operators use (AND + / OR = / NOT -), inclusion and exclusion document criteria, as well as four databases to search documents. The main finding shows that there is no official measurement unit or agreement on a parameter for reporting reading comprehension. Its measurement is done using percentages, words per minute (X̅=183,05 ± 68,92) and other indicators (statistics). Therefore, it was concluded that the actual reading comprehension capacity in distance education students is yet unknown in Costa Rica, and that it is necessary to make use of more than one input to determine reading comprehension. Also, it is necessary to explore the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for a more assertive collection of adult reading comprehension data.

Pembuatan Mesin Pengiris Singkong Pada Usaha Industri Rumah Tangga Dengan Kapasitas 40kg/Jam

In this paper, the quality and quantity of sliced cassava chips are improved by design a new slicer machine. The strategy of increasing production capacity is by using an electric motor to drive a chopper blade that makes the faster cutting speed. Meanwhile, the blade is attached to affixed shaft to ensure an even cut. The machine is mainly composed of frame, the feed inlet, chopper blade, motor, v-belt and pulley as transmission part. The slicer machine operates in the following ways: a peeled cassava is pressed into the feed inlet, then the high speed rotating cutter will cut the material into slices, finally the slices drops from the outlet. A fabrication of the machine starts with 1. design technical drawings of the slicer machine using Catia V5R21, 2. manufacturing the frame, shaft, feed inlet and outlet, 3. assembly of all components such as: chopper, bearings, shaft, pulley, feed inlet, cover, motor 1,25 hp 1400 rpm and v-belts. The results of performance test of the slicer machine have actual capacity is 40 Kg/hour with a flatness of 3-4 mm.