Actual Application Process Research Articles

Laser wireless power transmission based on spherical reflector intra-cavity beam splitting

The powersphere is an energy reception device in a laser wireless power transmission system, converting light into electricity, and also has a certain effect of light uniformity. However, in the actual application process, limitations due to laser power, photovoltaic cell absorption rate, and direct irradiation area restrict light uniformity, thus reducing photoelectric conversion efficiency. A spherical reflector at the center of the powersphere to enhance internal reflection and improve light uniformity was proposed. Utilizing LightTools software, we established a simulation model to simulate the energy distribution of light on the powersphere after reflection by the sphere, analyzing light uniformity and constructing an experimental platform for validation. Results show the reflector significantly boosts uniformity, doubling the powersphere’s output power and reducing voltage and current disparities, thereby enhancing system conversion efficiency.

Understanding dilution effects on particle-containing pesticide droplets deposition on rice leaf via developing CFD-VOF-DPM model.

Pesticide dilution is one of the essential aspects of plant protection. However, the effect of dilution on the deposition characteristics of pesticide droplets containing particulate additives on crop leaf surfaces remains unclear and warrants further research. Herein, a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-volume of fluid (VOF)-discrete phase model (DPM) numerical model was developed to analyze the influence of particle content on the deposition behavior of droplets on the leaf surface comparatively, taking into account the particle content of different diluted thifluzamide solutions. Additionally, the study aimed to analyze further the kinetic behavior of pesticide droplets landing on rice leaves across different dilution conditions. Pesticide droplets diluted 100-fold had a lower retraction rate during spreading than particle-free droplets, so the solution is more easily deposited in the leaves. Moreover, the low dilution (high concentration) increased the critical adhesion rate between droplets and rice leaves, inhibiting the bouncing of droplets on the leaf surface, thus promoting their effective deposition on the surface. In addition, low dilution (high concentration) is not conducive to spreading droplets when the impact velocity is high, and it also results in a large amount of pesticide use. The actual application process can be through understanding the dilution factor of the configured pesticide solution, and reasonable adjustment of the nozzle pressure can effectively improve the utilization rate of pesticides and reduce the pollution brought by pesticides to the environment. These results provide an essential reference for studying pesticide droplet deposition characteristics, including rice plant protection and spraying technology. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Research on the Model of Public Physical Teaching in Universities in the Context of Modern Information Technology

With the advent of the information and network era, new opportunities have emerged for the development of educational and teaching work. In the context of public physical teaching in universities, the rational application of modern information technology based on actual development situations plays a significant role. It can enrich teaching methods, improve teaching efficiency, meet students' diverse learning experiences, and ensure the quality and efficiency of teaching. However, due to objective factors, there are still some problems in the actual application process, such as the limited ability of some teachers to use information technology and the lack of investment in teaching resources, which directly limit the advantages of information technology and even affect the final teaching effectiveness, leading to counterproductive effects. Therefore, in the future development, it is necessary to strengthen the information technology training for teachers, improve their application ability and information literacy, so that they can better integrate modern information technology with physical teaching. When conditions permit, increase the investment in information technology, improve infrastructure construction, and provide necessary hardware support for public physical teaching in universities.

Optimization of the fermentation media and growth conditions of Bacillus velezensis BHZ-29 using a Plackett-Burman design experiment combined with response surface methodology.

Bacillus velezensis occurs extensively in the soil environment. It produces a range of antimicrobial compounds that play an important role in the field of biological control. However, during the actual application process it is often affected by factors such as the medium formulation and fermentation conditions, and therefore biocontrol measures often do not achieve their expected outcomes. In this study, the B. velezensis BHZ-29 strain was used as the research object. The carbon and nitrogen sources, and inorganic salts that affect the number of viable bacteria and antibacterial potency of B. velezensis BHZ-29, were screened by a single factor test. A Plackett-Burman design experiment was conducted to determine the significant factors affecting the number of viable bacteria and antibacterial potency, and a Box-Behnken design experiment was used to obtain the optimal growth of B. velezensis BHZ-29. The medium formula that produced the highest number of viable bacteria and most antibacterial substances was determined. The initial pH, temperature, amount of inoculant, liquid volume, shaking speed, and culture time were determined by a single factor test. The factors that had a significant influence on the number of viable bacteria of B. velezensis BHZ-29 were selected by an orthogonal test. A Box-Behnken design experiment was conducted to obtain the optimal fermentation conditions, and highest number of viable bacteria and antibacterial titer. Molasses, peptone, and magnesium sulfate had significant effects on the viable count and antibacterial titer of B. velezensis BHZ-29. The viable count of B. velezensis BHZ-29 increased from 7.83 × 109 to 2.17 × 1010 CFU/mL, and the antibacterial titer increased from 111.67 to 153.13 mm/mL when the optimal media were used. The optimal fermentation conditions for B. velezensis BHZ-29 were as follows: temperature 25.57°C, pH 7.23, culture time 95.90 h, rotation speed 160 rpm, amount of inoculant 2%, and liquid volume 100 ml. After the optimization of fermentation conditions, the number of viable bacteria increased to 3.39 × 1010 CFU/mL, and the bacteriostatic titer increased to 158.85 mm/ml.The plant height and leaf number of cotton plants treated with BHZ-29 fermentation broth were higher than those of cotton inoculated with Verticillium dahliae. The number of bacteria was 1.15 × 107 CFU/g, and the number of fungi was 1.60 × 105 spores/g. The disease index of the cotton seedlings treated with the optimized fermentation broth was 2.2, and a control effect of 93.8% was achieved. B. velezensis BHZ-29 could reduce the disease index of cotton Verticillium wilt and had a controlling effect on the disease. The best effect was achieved in the treatment group with an inoculation concentration of 2 × 108 CFU/ml, the disease index was 14.50, and a control effect of 84.18% was achieved. The fermentation process parameters of the number of viable bacteria and antibacterial titer by strain B. velezensis BHZ-29 were optimized to lay a foundation for the practical production and application of strain B. velezensis BHZ-29 in agriculture.

The Application Dilemma and Perfection of Trademark Dilution Theory

The theory of trademark dilution originated in German courts and was gradually adopted by American legislation in the process of practice. The birth of desalination theory also reflects the value pursued by law. Although China has not clarified the theory of trademark dilution, some courts have applied the trademark dilution theory in the process of handling actual cases. As the provisions of the trademark dilution theory are too abstract, without clear concepts and identification criteria, there are large differences in the legal application of "trademark dilution" in judicial practice. And in the actual application process, the application of relevant provisions still exists ambiguity. By analyzing the case of anti-dilution protection of Jinritoutiao, a well-known trademark registered in China, this paper draws out the problems existing in the current environment of application of trademark dilution theory. Using the methods of case analysis and normative research, this paper analyzes the defects of trademark dilution theory and its application, and gives corresponding improvement measures.

Real-time Tracking System for Distribution Information of Logistics Enterprises Based on IOT Technology

Logistics enterprise distribution information real-time tracking system in the actual application process, there is the problem of low cargo throughput, this study was aimed to design a kind of logistics enterprise distribution information real-time tracking system based on Internet of Things technology. In hardware part: control the reading and writing equipment according to the predetermined working mode, adjust the parameters of the reader, connect the circuit and other accessories; in software part: increase the correlation between the tables by setting foreign keys, build the logistics enterprise distribution information database, control and supervise the logistics activities. The result shows that the average value of cargo throughput between the real-time tracking system of distribution information of logistics enterprises in the paper and two other real-time tracking systems of logistics enterprises is 1412.14 T/H, 1049.38 T/H and 1088.81 T/H respectively, indicating that the real-time tracking system of distribution information of logistics enterprises designed after the application of IOT technology is more perfect.

Application of Halogen-Free EPDM Flame Retardants

Flame retardant materials have been widely used in different fields because of their unique physical and chemical properties, such as aerospace and chemical products. However, although the traditional halogen-based flame retardant has shown excellent application performance in the actual application process, there are serious environmental pollution problems after its use. In order to solve the environmental problems caused by halogen flame retardants, different types of environmentally friendly flame retardant materials have been developed, such as ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) flame retardant. As a new type of energy saving and environment friendly rubber, the EPDM has excellent heat resistance, aging resistance, corrosion resistance and insulation performance, and thus it has been widely used in all walks of life. To this end, EPDM has been used to develop different types of flame retardant materials. Herein, this research will mainly analyze the application performance of different types of EPDM flame retardants and their flame retardant mechanisms, where the research and application of EDPM flame retarder are mainly described from three aspects: intumescent flame retarder, phosphorous flame retarder and inorganic flame retarder

Uncertain support vector machine based on uncertain set theory

Support vector machine (SVM) is a supervised binary classifier with good generalization ability and excellent computational properties. It has been widely used in many fields such as image recognition, bioinformatics and so on. However, the traditional SVM requires the input data to be clear and knowable, while in the actual application process, there will be many cases that the input data is uncertain. In order to solve this problem, a new SVM model is proposed in this paper by combining the uncertainty theory with the SVM theory. The uncertainty theory was proposed by Liu in 2007, and it is often used to describe the uncertainty of things. The uncertain set in uncertainty theory is often used to model unsharp concepts. Therefore, this paper regards each uncertain data as an uncertain set and establishes a SVM model with uncertain chance constraints. However, the uncertain chance constraints are non-convex. Therefore, this paper gives the equivalent transformation process of constraint conditions when the input data are triangular uncertain sets. Finally, the non-convex constraint conditions are transformed into the linear constraint conditions, so that the model is transformed into a nonlinear programming model. In the numerical experiment, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the problem, which proves the feasibility of the model.

High-performance Cu/Mn modified ceramsite as a persulfate activator to degrade oxytetracycline in batch Erlenmeyer flask and continuous-flow fixed-bed column systems: An exploration of its practicability and non-radical mechanisms

Persulfate non-radical oxidation have excellent catalytic capability for degrading specific contaminants in complicated water environments. Nevertheless, the preparation of high-performance activators and their application in actual water treatment in continuous flow mode are still scarce and unsatisfactory. In this work, copper-, manganese-, and copper/manganese-doped ceramsites (Cu–C, Mn–C and Cu/Mn–C), successfully fabricated through a facile impregnation-calcination approach, were characterized and evaluated for their performance to activate potassium peroxydisulfate (PDS) and degrade oxytetracycline (OTC) under different pH, ceramsite dosages, and PDS dosages. Compared with Cu–C and Mn–C, Cu/Mn–C showed the highest OTC degradation rate (0.0264 min−1) via activating PDS with an OTC removal efficiency of 98.2% in 240 min at an initial OTC concentration of 40 mg/L. The removal efficiency of OTC by Cu/Mn–C only decreased to 92.8% after 5 cycles; the activating ability of the used Cu/Mn–C was almost completely recovered through 2 h of calcination at 500 °C. The results of electron paramagnetic resonance and radical quenching suggest that singlet oxygen (1O2) was unveiled to be the dominant reactive oxygen species (ROS) for contaminant degradation, originating from the regrouping of superoxide ions or reduction of active Cu/Mn sites. Synergies between Cu and Mn species to enhance ROS yield were the primary activating mechanisms. Six possible routes of OTC decomposition were inferred. Additionally, Cu/Mn–C behaved excellently in treating an actual wastewater using a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor. It is believed that this novel Cu/Mn–C/PDS system may create a fresh path to design effective and cheap metal-ceramsite hybrid activators for degrading recalcitrant contaminants in the actual application process.

Bonding Technology of Silicon rubber protective materials

Silicone rubber (SR) materials play a crucial role in the field of mechanical impact protection technology. However, the adhesive stability between SR and various substrates in the actual application process is still a challenging task. The surface free energy of SR is about 19.9 mJ/m2, which can directly lead to fall off and peel off during the application process. In present study, a new type of bifunctional polyborosiloxane interfacial binder (BSiOVi) has been developed through a copolymerization method, resulting the firm bond between SR and epoxy resin (EP) and metal substrate. One end organic group of BSiOVi fixed to the surface of the substrate and the other end organic group act as initiator of the SR matrixpolymerization. The bonding strength macroscopically manifests as the cohesive failure of the silicone rubber protective material.

Preparation of a low-cost electric compensation photothermal evaporator for all-weather-available and efficient evaporation

Solar-driven evaporation is an ideal technology for freshwater production. However, in the actual production and application process, due to the fluctuation of solar radiant intensity, the limitation of solar lighting time and the generation of dirt, the solar evaporator can only work for a limited time. To realize the all-weather-available efficient application of the evaporator, we mixed slag, metakaolin, graphite, and potassium silicate evenly, added a certain amount of foaming agent, and adjusted its pore size and shape to prepare a low-cost electric compensation evaporator that can be used for all-weather-available efficient evaporation. The geopolymer in the evaporator acts as a support with good hydrophilicity, and graphite exhibits good photothermal performance. At 1 sun, the evaporation rate of the three-dimensional graphite/geopolymer composite (3D-GR/Geo) evaporator reaches up to 3.23 kg/m2/h, and its evaporation efficiency is 186.46%. When the solar-driven evaporation is assisted by an external electric field, the evaporation rate of the 3D-GR/Geo evaporator reaches up to 16.3 kg/m2/h. In addition, after 72 h of alternating tests at 1 sun and an applied current of 2A, no salt accumulates on the top of 3D-GR/Geo, and its quality change curve remains stable, showing excellent stability. This is also consistent with the simulation results, indicating that 3D-GR/Geo can be used effectively over a long period.

Adsorption Behavior and Adsorption Dynamics of Micrometer-Sized Polymer Microspheres on the Surface of Quartz Sand

The adsorption of polymer microspheres in a stratum can directly affect its action mode and performance in the actual application process. Understanding the adsorption pattern of polymer microspheres and their adsorption mechanism can facilitate optimization of the application mode and enhance the use efficiency. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was employed to measure the static adsorption characteristics of polymer microspheres (PMS) on the surface of quartz sand. The PMS adsorption capacity on the surface of quartz sand increased with increasing concentration. When the concentration was 1000 mg/L, the static equilibrium adsorption capacity was 402 μg/g, and monolayer adsorption was dominant. The effect of the contact time on the adsorption was investigated, and the fitting was performed using the isothermal adsorption thermodynamic equilibrium model and the adsorption kinetic model. The adsorption of 800 mg/L PMS tended to equilibrate after 0.8 h of adsorption on the surface of quartz sand, and the adsorption of 1400 mg/L PMS tended to equilibrate after 1 h of adsorption on the surface of quartz sand. Good fitting results of the kinetic adsorption process were obtained using the pseudo-first-order (PFO) model, pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, Elovich model, and mixed-order (MO) model. The effects of the temperature, particle size of the quartz sand, solid–liquid ratio, and salinity on the adsorption of PMS on the surface of quartz sand were examined. The PMS adsorption capacity on the surface of quartz sand decreased with increasing environmental temperature. The adsorption of PMS at the solid–liquid interface was an exothermic process, and the enthalpy of adsorption was negative. As the mass of the quartz sand in the solid–liquid ratio increased, the adsorption capacity decreased; a low salinity and neutral pH were conducive to the adsorption of PMS on the surface of quartz sand.

Design Scheme of Intelligent Robot Based on Crawler Sports Chassis

The chassis structure design of mobile robots is currently separated into four categories: wheel type, mechanical leg type, McNair wheel type, compound type, and crawler type, with wheel leg type, common crawler type, and wheel crawler type being under compound type. A formula Complex application scenarios frequently limit the robot's passibility throughout the actual application process. A new robot design plan is offered to overcome this problem: an intelligent robot built on a crawler-type moving chassis. To achieve the robot's astute observation of the surrounding environment, the advantages of wheeled and legged robots will be organically merged, and intelligent control terminals will be included in the hardware design. The mechanical framework will be built on a traditional crawler chassis, with leg guiding added. The crawler actuator of the structure will drive the crawler actuator of the leg-guided design to enable the robot to get out of problems in the face of challenging terrain conditions such as stairs, steps, and steep slopes. This work proposes an intelligent robot design strategy based on crawler motion chassis with high practicability, novelty, and broad applicability.

Physics informed neural networks for electric field distribution characteristics analysis

Electric field calculations based on the Poisson equation have been widely used in high voltage and plasma technology. However, in practical applications, the electric field distribution in space is relatively complex, and the simulation technology based on the traditional method is often a simplification of reality, which leads to a large error between the simulation and the actual measured value. In the actual application process, due to the limitation of measurement methods, it is necessary to infer the electric field data at other locations in space according to the measurement results. Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) are introduced into the electric field calculation. PINNs are considered partial differential equation solvers based on deep neural networks. In this paper, 2D and 3D electric field distributions are discussed and compared with the finite element method. A method of dividing the dielectric distribution based on the sigmoid function is proposed, which can be effectively used to construct the spatial electric field model of the homogeneous dielectric. The combination of the data and physical model based on PINNs establishes a method to solve the inverse problem of the relative permittivity in the electric field. The results show that PINNs can calculate the distribution of the electric field according to the physical equations and different types of constraints and parameters.

Application of nonlinear clustering optimization algorithm in web data mining of cloud computing

Abstract To improve data mining and data clustering performance to improve the efficiency of the cloud computing platform, the author proposes a bionic optimized clustering data extraction algorithm based on cloud computing platform. According to the Gaussian distribution function graph, the degree of aggregation of the categories and the distribution of data points of the same category can be judged more intuitively. The cloud computing platform has the characteristics of large amount of data and high dimension. In the process of solving the distance between all sample points and the center point, after each center point update, the optimization function needs to be re-executed, the author mainly uses clustering evaluation methods such as PBM-index and DB-index. The simulation data object is the Iris dataset in UCI, and N = 500 samples are selected for simulation. The experiment result shows that when P is not greater than 15, the PBM value changes very little, and when P = 20, the PBM performance of all the four clustering algorithms decreased significantly. When the sample size is increased from 50,000 to 100,000, the DB performance of this algorithm does not change much, and the DB value tends to be stable. In terms of clustering operation time, the K-means algorithm has obvious advantages, the DBSCAN algorithm is the most time-consuming, and the operation time of wolf pack clustering and Mean-shift is in the middle. In the actual application process, the number of samples for each training can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual needs, in order to improve the applicability of the wolf pack clustering algorithm in specific application scenarios. Flattening in cloud computing for data clusters, this algorithm is compared with the common clustering algorithm in PBM. DB also shows better performance.

Surface iodine modification inducing robust CEI enables ultra-stable Li-Se batteries

Lithium-selenium batteries (LSeBs) have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent electronic conductivity and high theoretical specific capacity. However, there are still difficult problems such as low utilization rate and fast capacity decay in the actual application process. Herein, a surface iodine modified three-dimensional (3D) nano hollow carbon fiber (I-NHCF) network is designed and synthesized as Se host (Se@I-NHCF) for highly stable LSeBs. The surface iodine species induce the formation of robust cathode electrolyte interface (CEI), thus preventing the transformation of amorphous selenium to low-activity crystalline selenium and enabling stable electrochemical performance. Moreover, the surface iodine species promote rapid charge transfer, enhancing the chemical reaction kinetics and improving the utilization of the active Se species. As a result, the Se@I-NHCF cathode exhibits superior specific capacity of 581.8 mAh g−1 with a high stability (0.0054% capacity decay per cycle) after 500 cycles at 1C, and an excellent rate performance of 567.6 mAh g−1 at 2C. This work addresses the problem of rapid capacity decay by the formation of uniform and robust CEI to conserve highly reactive amorphous Se species, improve Se utilization, and achieve ultra-stable Li-Se batteries with high energy and long cycle life.

Large-Scale Power Cloud Resource Scheduling Algorithm in an Edge Computing Environment

Aiming at the problem that the current power cloud resource scheduling is inefficient and time-consuming, a large-scale power cloud resource scheduling algorithm in an edge computing environment is proposed. Firstly, the resource management method of large-scale power clouds is optimized. Considering the resource sharing and task scheduling security requirements between secondary nodes, and combined with edge computing technology, the resource distribution management and scheduling algorithm of the power cloud are optimized. Finally, the experiment proves that the resource scheduling time of a large-scale power cloud resource scheduling algorithm under an edge computing environment is reduced by more than 15 minutes in the actual application process, And the scheduling effect is also better than the traditional method.

Constructing hollow ZIF-8/CDs@MIPs fluorescent sensor from Osmanthus leaves to specifically recognize bovine hemoglobin

To develop non-toxic, highly efficient and selective fluorescence sensors was a significance research. In this work, a novel hollow fluorescence sensor was designed with biomass carbon dots (CDs), ZIF-8 and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) via aqueous polymerization. The results demonstrated such unique structure fluorescence sensor exhibited fast response time, excellent stability and highly selectively towards bovine hemoglobin (BHb). Even in a complex environment, the hollow fluorescence sensor (H-ZIF-8/CDs@MIPs) still has a good recognition effect on BHb. Under an optimized condition, the hollow fluorescence sensor was quenched linearly with BHb concentration in the range of 0.058–4.5 μM with the detection limit of 15.6 nM. In addition, a possible quenching mechanism of hollow fluorescence towards BHb was confirmed resonance energy transfer (FRET). In the actual application process, the hollow fluorescence sensor showed a better detection performance towards BHb with the recoveries ranged of 98.6–101.1 %. This work provided a strategy to design green and unique hollow fluorescence sensor for practical application.

Mitigation of biofouling with co-deposition of polydopamine and curcumin on the surface of a thin-film composite membrane

Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane has been widely used in various water treatment fields as an efficient desalination technology, but serious biofouling problem arises in the actual application process. Curcumin is known as a natural compound that can reduce biofouling by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms based on quorum sensing. Dopamine, a molecule with excellent adhesion and functionalization on the material's surface, has high research value for applying a curcumin coating to the membrane surface. Curcumin degrades under alkaline conditions, whereas dopamine must polymerize under alkaline conditions. Simultaneously, a coating may adversely affect curcumin. Therefore, a two-step coating process was considered by self-polymerizing dopamine on the thin-film composite membrane surface and then dip-coating curcumin attached to the polydopamine layer. Furthermore, the effect of time and concentration on the surface modification before and after membrane modification was investigated. The highest permeability of 1.39 L/m2/hr/bar was achieved with the modified membranes. The number of gram-positive bacteria decreased from 6.71 × 106 to 9.67 × 105 CFU/mL. This result is meaningful for antifouling through modification of the membrane surface. Use of curcumin can be applied to reduce biofouling and extend the lifetime of the membrane without pretreatment or membrane cleaning.

A highly robust polarization orientation method based on antisymmetry of skylight polarization pattern

The bionic polarized light compass has characteristics of immunity to interference from electromagnetic fields and zero error accumulation over time, and thus has good application prospects in the autonomous navigation field under conditions of Global Positioning System rejection or failure. With the aim of addressing the problem that the polarization orientation accuracy of the bionic polarized light compass can be degraded seriously by the presence of large-area occlusions such as clouds and buildings during the actual application process, this paper proposes a highly robust orientation method under the limited effective polarization area condition based on the antisymmetry of the skylight polarization pattern. The orientation algorithm first uses the UNet convolutional neural network to perform binary segmentation of the polarized image and then separates and removes the thick cloud layer/building occlusion area from the image; Then, a new solar meridian fitting method is proposed, which makes use of the characteristic of antisymmetric distribution of polarization angle along the solar meridian in atmospheric polarization mode to fit the solar meridian, and then completes the orientation. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively solve the problem of polarization orientation accuracy degradation caused by harsh environments, including clouds, building occlusions, and cloudy days, and can thus improve the robustness of bionic polarized light compass orientation effectively in complex environments.