Activity-related Affect Research Articles

Explaining the perspective of people living with HIV on health-promoting behaviours based on Pender's model: A directed content analysis.

Health-promoting behaviours are an important challenge in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Knowing PLHIV's perspective can be helpful for more effective health-promoting behaviour planning. Therefore, the present study aims to explain PLHIV's perspective on health-promoting behaviours based on Pender's health-promotion model. A qualitative study with a directed content analysis approach. Altogether, 17 PLHIV referring to the Behavioural Diseases Consultation and Control Center in Tehran, Iran and were selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews and the results were analysed through directed content analysis based on Pender's model. Data management was done by MAXQDA V10. Data analysis led to the extraction of 396 codes in 35 subcategories and 15 main categories in 6 constructs of Pender's model, including the perceived benefits (health assurance and optimal disease control), perceived barriers (insufficient knowledge and awareness, lack of motivation, adverse outcomes of the disease and socioeconomic status), perceived self-efficacy (endeavouring to have a healthy lifestyle, responsibility for one's health and that of others), activity-related affect (positive and negative feelings), the interpersonal influences (family, friends and relatives and social media) and situational influences (the resources available to the community and community's culture). In this study, the contribution of PLHIV was used and their perspectives were surveyed. The findings of this study can help policymakers and planners formulate health policies to select the most appropriate strategies and approaches to promoting effective healthy behaviours among PLHIV.

A comprehensive health-promoting neighborhood intervention to improve health care seeking behavior among reproductive age Iranian women

BackgroundWomen’s health care seeking delays remains an unresolved major public health problem in developing and underdeveloped countries. This study aimed to evaluate a health-promoting neighborhood intervention to improve health care seeking behavior (HCSB) among reproductive age Iranian women using Health Promotion Model (HPM).MethodThis randomized controlled trial was conducted on 160 women of reproductive age in two groups: experimental and control. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire based on HPM constructs and a medical symptom checklist. A health-promoting neighborhood intervention was performed in seven sessions for the experimental group. HCSB and HPM constructs were measured before and 3 months after intervention in the two groups. p < 0.05 was considered significant level.ResultsThe average mean age of participants was 30.45 ± 7.80 years. After intervention, the mean score of self-efficacy, interpersonal influences, commitment to plan and HCSB was increased significantly in women in the experimental group, while negative constructs such as perceived barriers, negative activity-related affect, and immediate competing demands and preferences significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In addition, the mean score of referring for symptoms such as excessive sweating, persistent fatigue or weakness, headache, bleeding or spotting between periods, vaginal itching and irritation, unusual vaginal discharge, flashing, chest pain, rapid heartbeats, aching muscles or joints, urinary problems and some mental disorder was increased significantly in experimental group compared to control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of study show that an intervention based on the HPM have a positive impact on HCSB and its associated factors and can help improve women’s health behaviors and health outcomes.

A Prediction Model for Health Promoting Behavior in Obese Middle-Aged Women

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify influencing factors in a health promotion model that explains and predicts health promoting behavior in obese middle-aged women.Methods: Based on Pender’s health promotion model, a hypothetical model was constructed with nine factors (emotional eating, obesity stress, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers to action, perceived self-efficacy, activity-related affect, social support, commitment to a plan of action, and health promoting behavior). The participants were 215 obese middle-aged women who visited one of three health check-up centers in Seoul, Incheon, or Gyeonggi Province to receive health check-ups through the National Health Insurance Corporation. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire.Results: In the final research model, the factors that had a direct impact on health promoting behavior of obese middle-aged women were obesity stress (β=-.17, p=.001), perceived self-efficacy (β=.34, p&lt;.001), activity-related affect (β=.22, p&lt;.001), commitment to a plan of action (β=.34, p&lt;.001). The explanatory power was 51.3%.Conclusion: This study found that a higher level of engagement in health promoting behavior was associated with lower obesity stress, higher perceived self-efficacy, better activity-related affect, and a higher commitment to a plan of action. These results may be used as a basis for the development of a nursing intervention program to improve health promoting behavior in obese middle-aged women.

Determinants of Infant Growth and Development Based on the Health Promotion Model

BACKGROUND: The quality of future generations is largely determined by the growth and development of toddlers. All parents want their children to grow and develop optimally. AIM: The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of growth and development of infants aged 3–12 months based on the Health Promotion Model (HPM). METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional study design, which was conducted at the Banyuwangi District Health Center. Respondents in this study were mothers who had infants aged 3–12 months as many as 217. The sampling technique used was random sampling. The independent variables using the components of the HPM theory are mother’s motivation, infant’s gestational age, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, perceived self-efficacy, and activity-related affect. The dependent variable is growth and development. Growth assessment is obtained from the BB/U value and compared with the z-score table. Developmental assessment was done using Pre-screening Development Questionnaire. The relationship between each independent variable and the dependent variable was analyzed using the Chi-square test. Determinants of growth and development of children under five were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The results of the independent variable logistic regression test with growth showed that the variable with p &lt; 0.05 was the mother’s perceived self-efficacy with p = 0.013. While the independent variable logistic regression test with development showed that the variable with p &lt; 0.05 was the mother’s perceived barrier with a p = 0.000. CONCLUSION: Based on the HPM approach, it was found that the determinant of infant growth was the mother’s perceived self-efficacy, while the determinant of infant development was the mother’s perceived barrier. The growth and development of toddlers can be achieved optimally through efforts to increase the mother’s perceived self-efficacy and reduce the mother’s perceived barrier.

Predictors of physical activity among women in Bojnourd, north east of Iran: Pender\u2019s health promotion model

BackgroundThis study examined how socio-demographic characteristics constructs derived from the health promotion model (HPM) influence the level of physical activity (PA) women in Bojnourd, North East of Iran.MethodThis cross-sectional study has been carried out through multi-stage sampling design on 356 women aged 18–60 years living in Iran. Data was collected through reliable and valid questionnaire survey women who were selected from their homes.ResultsMost of participants (53.40%) had a low level of physical activity behaviors with minimal physical activity (PA) scores. Using regression analysis showed that 23.22% of the total variance in PA behaviors was predicted by socio-demographic variables, whilst 40.81% of the variance in PA behaviors was predicted by constructs from the HPM. The results from Path modeling indicated that prior behavior, interpersonal influences, perceived self-efficacy, perceived barriers and commitment to PA, were significant predictors for PA behaviors with 86.93% of total effects on PA, whereas, activity-related affect and situational influences had no significant effect on the PA behaviors.ConclusionsWe found that constructs derived from the HPM are determinants of PA among Iranian women and may be important in developing educational intervention programs to facilitate a physically active lifestyle in this population.

Psychosocial Determinants of Changes in Dietary Behaviors Among Iranian Women: An Application of the Pender's Health Promotion Model.

Data on how the complex cognitive processes, personal, and social factors influence health promoting behaviors of women are very limited and the results have been inconsistent. Here, we examine how prior behaviors, behavior-specific cognition (perceived benefits/barriers, self efficacy, and activity-related affect), situational and interpersonal factors (social support, modeling, and norms) associated with the level of dietary behaviors in Iranian women. A cross sectional survey of 356 women aged 18-60 years from health care centers in Iran was undertaken from October 2015 to September 2016. Multiple analytical models and Pender's health promotion model (HPM) were implemented to examine the effectiveness of HPM and its potential constructs on PA behaviors. The instruments used were designed using Pender's HPM as a basis. The path model fitted data and accounted for 51% of the variance in dietary behaviors; and prior behavior, perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences, and commitment to plan were significantly associated with dietary behavior. We found that constructs from the HPM are empirically improved dietary behavior among the women population. This result provides a suitable source for designing strategies of a nutrition education intervention for improving the frequency and nutrient intake of breakfast consumption among female students.

Risk Perception & Risk-Reduction Behavior Model for Blue-Collar Workers: Adapted From the Health Promotion Model.

This study examined the health promotion model (HPM) as a framework for assessing perceptions and health-related behaviors related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among blue-collar workers. This was done with the aim of providing time-sensitive educational and training materials for workers while on the job or functioning in their communities. The revised HPM was evaluated in the above context using specific criteria developed by Chinn and Kramer (2008) and scoping literature review. Specifically, we assessed the model based on five criteria such as its clarity, simplicity, generality, accessibility, and importance. The revised HPM showed strengths in both accessibility and generality. That is, it applied to all populations and chronic illnesses through clearly defined and specified major concepts. However, there were several weaknesses in areas of clarity and consistency; the model included three new concepts (i.e., activity-related affect, commitment to a plan of action, and immediate competing demands and preference) that actually decreased these elements. In this context, situational influences require adequately reflected external variables. Nevertheless, the revised HPM showed predictive power among this study’s target population. The HPM was modified to address deficiencies in regard to the concept of risk perception. Work-related situational influences were also restructured based on individual and environmental characteristics. The modified framework can be used to clarify health-related behaviors among blue-collar workers.

Determinants of medication adherence among hypertensive patients using the Pender's health promotion model

BACKGROUND:Poor adherence in treatment and medication is a global issue in curing the chronic diseases such as hypertension. The present study was conducted to identify the factors related with medication adherence among hypertensive patients referred to the health centers of Borujerd based on the Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM).MATERIALS AND METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 463 patients who were referred to the comprehensive health centers of Borujerd city by cluster sampling method in 2019. The data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic variables and Pender's HPM constructs. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.RESULTS:The mean and standard deviation of the participants' age was 63.29 ± 11.2 years. The results showed that hypertensive patients had a relatively desirable level of medication adherence behavior. Perceived barriers (β = −0.169), perceived self-efficacy (β = 0.196), activity related affect (β = 0.232), and following medication regimen (β = 0.225) were the best predictors of performing the medication adherence behavior. In total, different structures of the HPM explained 42.2% of the variation of medication adherence behavior changes.CONCLUSIONS:According to the findings, the design of educational programs using HPM is recommended to increase the medication adherence among hypertensive patients.

Gender Differences in Predictors of Physical Activity among Korean College Students Based on the Health Promotion Model.

Aim: Despite the numerous physical and psychological benefits of physical activity (PA), the prevalence of achieving PA recommendations decreases in college students. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify factors influencing PA in male and female college students based on the Health Promotion Model. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was used to investigate factors influencing PA among male and female college students. A convenience sample of 264 Korean students was recruited from three colleges. Participants completed measures of physical activity, perceived benefits/barriers to PA, PA self-efficacy, activity-related affect, and peer support. Results: A multiple regression analysis indicated that the factors affecting PA in male college students were PA self-efficacy and subjective economic status, while the factors affecting PA in female students were PA self-efficacy, subjective health status, activity-related affect, and peer support. Conclusions: School health centers or wellness centers need to develop exercise self-efficacy enhancement programs to provide motivation for PA among college students. It might also be necessary to develop a customized PA program that considers gender differences.

Mothers’ behaviour regarding school-Aged children’s nutrition: in Indonesia

Malnutrition in school-aged children in the coastal area of Indonesia, increased every year. This can becaused by improper nutrition intake. Such as in Bulak Banteng Village, East Java, presumably, it was mothers’ behaviour in providing children’s nutritional needs that caused the malnutrition. This research aimed to evaluate factors which influenced mothers’ behaviour in the coastal area of Indonesia in the fulfilment of school-aged children’s nutrition based on health promotion model. Methods: This was an observational analysis study with a cross-sectional approach. Samples were 100 mothers of school-age children who lived at Bulak Banteng Village, East Java, Indonesia. Samples were taken by using a stratified random sampling technique. Independent variables were mother’s prior related behaviour, self-motivation, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, activity-related affect, and commitment in fulfilling nutrition. The dependent variable was the mother’s behaviour in fulfilling nutrition. The data were collected by using questionnaire, then analysed by using linear regression. Result and Analysis: Linear regression analysis indicated that motivation (p=0.020), perceived barriers (p=0.000), self-efficacy (p=0.003), and activityrelated affect (p=0.000) were influenced mother’s behaviour in fulfilling school-aged children nutrition by p<0.05. Discussion: Mother’s motivation, self-efficacy, and activity-related affect have a role in mother’s behaviour in fulfilling school-aged children nutrition. Nurses should create health promotion which can increase mother’s motivation, efficacy, and affect in fulfilling school-aged children nutrition.

Impact of Nutrition Education in Improving Dietary Pattern During Pregnancy Based on Pender's Health Promotion Model: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background:Different types of nutrients in adequate amounts are required to meet the increased demands of the mother and the developing fetus. Therefore, we examined the impact of nutrition education on the number of food servings per day.Materials and Methods:Pregnant mothers were recruited to a prospective, randomized clinical trial from May to September, 2016. At 6–10 weeks of gestation, the participants were randomly divided into the intervention (n = 96) or the control group (n = 96), and were followed-up until the end of pregnancy. Each woman in the experimental group met the study nutritionist at the time of enrollment and an individualized nutrition plan was developed. In addition, the nutrition education based on Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM) was designed, including three 45–60 min training sessions in 6–10, 18, and 26 weeks of pregnancy. The participants' usual food intake using a three-day dietary record was assessed at 6–10 weeks and 34–36 weeks of gestation.Results:The mean scores of the perceived benefits, self-efficacy, activity-related affect, interpersonal influences (husband support), and commitment to action increased while the competing demand scores decreased in the interventional group compared with the control group. The mean standard deviation (SD) of food portions from grain [10.40 (1.96) versus 12.70 (1.93) in the control group], vegetable [3.88 (1.33) versus 2.96 (0.91)], fruit [4.02 (0.05) versus 3.95 (0.91)], dairy [2.33 (0.68) versus 2.11 (0.45)], and meat [3.17 (0.68) versus 2.96 (0.67)] were improved in the experimental group.Conclusions:Pender's HPM for nutrition education is effective based on the compliance of pregnant women to the dietary guideline and the food guide pyramid.

Factors Influencing Practices of Health Behavior for Cancer Prevention in University Students

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing practices of health behavior for cancer prevention in university students. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 332 university students in J city. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffes test, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were performed with SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results: The mean score of practices of health behavior for cancer prevention was 3.18 ± .41. Significant factors that affect practices of health behavior for cancer prevention in university students were self-efficacy, perceived benefits, health status, activity related affect, exercise, family’s economic status, and the fear of cancer. These variables explained 31.7% of practices of health behavior for cancer prevention. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the level of practices of health behavior is not sufficient for cancer prevention among university students. Therefore it is necessary to develop a tailored education program to improve the practices of health behavior for cancer prevention in university students. It is also suggested that the education be focused on self-efficacy, perceived benefits and activity related affect.

Effect of nutrition education intervention based on Pender's Health Promotion Model in improving the frequency and nutrient intake of breakfast consumption among female Iranian students.

To determine the effectiveness of nutrition education intervention based on Pender's Health Promotion Model in improving the frequency and nutrient intake of breakfast consumption among female Iranian students. The quasi-experimental study based on Pender's Health Promotion Model was conducted during April-June 2011. Information (data) was collected by self-administered questionnaire. In addition, a 3 d breakfast record was analysed. P < 0·05 was considered significant. Two middle schools in average-income areas of Qom, Iran. One hundred female middle-school students. There was a significant reduction in immediate competing demands and preferences, perceived barriers and negative activity-related affect constructs in the experimental group after education compared with the control group. In addition, perceived benefit, perceived self-efficacy, positive activity-related affect, interpersonal influences, situational influences, commitment to a plan of action, frequency and intakes of macronutrients and most micronutrients of breakfast consumption were also significantly higher in the experimental group compared with the control group after the nutrition education intervention. Constructs of Pender's Health Promotion Model provide a suitable source for designing strategies and content of a nutrition education intervention for improving the frequency and nutrient intake of breakfast consumption among female students.

A model-based educational intervention to increase physical activity among Iranian adolescents

To conduct an evaluation of an educational program based on the health promotion model (HPM) and stages of change to improve physical activity (PA) behavior among Iranian adolescents. This was a group randomized controlled trial with 165 participants in two groups (intervention/control). Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires based upon HPM constructs (benefits and barriers of action, self-efficacy, activity-related affect, interpersonal influences, and situational influences). The stages of change scale was used to select eligible participants (were placed on precontemplation, contemplation, or preparation stages) and to assess the trend. After collecting baseline data, the intervention was administered to the participants and follow-up data was collected 3 months after intervention. In all, 88 males and 77 females with a mean age of 13.99±0.4 participated in the study. The differences in all HPM constructs, except activity-related affect and social influences, were significant (p < 0.01) between baseline and follow-up measurements. Adolescents in the intervention as compared to the control group were placed in action (70%) or preparation (30%) stages at follow-up. Multiple regression analysis revealed that competing preferences, social norms, role models, (p < 0.001), and commitment to action plan can significantly predict PA behavior. The model accounted for 22.5% of the variance in PA. The results suggest that educational interventions based on stages of change can have important implications for improving PA among adolescents in more constructs of HPM.

Breastfeeding as health‐promoting behaviour for Hispanic women: literature review

This paper reports a literature review to synthesize the evidence that breastfeeding is a health-promoting behaviour for Hispanic women and to demonstrate the usefulness of the Health Promotion Model in understanding and increasing breastfeeding behaviours in Hispanic women. While breastfeeding has been shown to promote the health of both mother and infant, it has not been widely viewed from the perspective of the Health Promotion Model. The CINAHL and MEDLINE databases were searched using the terms 'Hispanic' or 'Latina', 'breastfeeding' and concepts specific to the Health Promotion Model (interpersonal relationships, social support, acculturation, self-efficacy, barriers, benefits, and commitment). Only papers in the English language from 1990 to 2003 (except for classic papers) that used research techniques were reviewed. Only those addressing breastfeeding intention, initiation or duration were included. The reference lists of each paper were examined for additional empirical papers that linked any of the determinants of the Health Promotion Model to breastfeeding among Hispanic women. Papers were organized using the ten determinants as headings: prior related behaviour, personal factors, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, activity-related affect, interpersonal influences, situational influences, immediate competing demands, and commitment to a plan of action. The review was conducted in 2003. The literature verifies that each of the 10 determinants of health-promoting behaviour also promotes breastfeeding for Hispanic women, particularly through the constructs of acculturation, interpersonal support, self-efficacy and immediate competing demands. Breastfeeding is not consistently defined in all studies, nor are Hispanic population groups uniformly classified according to country of origin. Specific interventions to promote breastfeeding have been implemented for women of Latin American origin, but randomized designs to measure outcomes have not been consistently employed with Hispanic women in the United States of America. Further intervention research is needed to confirm breastfeeding as a health-promoting behaviour and to inform breastfeeding education for this group.

Factors influencing quality of life in people with chronic illness in Korea.

To identify factors influencing quality of life based on health-promoting behavior in patients with chronic illness. This descriptive study was conducted over 8 months in 2001 on 1,748 chronic adult outpatients at a university hospital in Seoul, Korea. Study variables and instruments were health perception, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers to action, self-esteem, self-efficacy, social support, commitment of planned action, activity-related affect, health-promoting behavior, and quality of life. The data indicated a statistically significant positive correlation among health-promoting behavior, perceived benefits of action, self-efficacy, social support, self-esteem, health perception, activity-related affect, and quality of life. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between perceived barriers to action and quality of life. Stepwise multiple regression showed that the most powerful predictor of quality of life was health-promoting behavior. The combination of health-promoting behavior, activity-related affect, self-esteem, health perception, commitment to planned action, social support, and perceived barriers to action accounted for 57% of the variance in quality of life. Multiple social, psychological, and health-related factors were associated with quality of life.

Changes in Physical Activity Beliefs and Behaviors of Boys and Girls Across the Transition to Junior High School

Purpose: This longitudinal study investigated gender-specific changes in physical activity beliefs and behaviors across the elementary to junior high school transition. Methods: Physical activity beliefs and behaviors were measured in a cohort of 132 racially diverse youth during the year prior to and following the transition. Questionnaires assessed variables hypothetically linked to activity. Physical activity was monitored with the Child/Adolescent Activity Log. Results: Gender differences in physical activity beliefs emerged. Across the transition, boys reported decreased efficacy, social support, and expectations (norms) to be physically active. Although girls also reported decreased social support for physical activity, they further reported exposure to fewer active role models and were less likely to perceive that the benefits of regular activity outweighed the barriers following the transition. Gender differences in activity levels were apparent, with girls being less active than boys. Despite changes in physical activity beliefs across the school transition, no significant changes in actual level of activity occurred over this period. Although beliefs were significantly related to behaviors in the domain of physical activity, pretransition activity level was the best predictor of posttransition activity level. Conclusions: These data indicate that physical activity beliefs of adolescents change over the school transition. These changes are significantly, but not highly, related to level of physical activity. Future research should explore the influences of activity-related affect and social and physical contexts on physical activity across adolescence.