Abstract
This study examined the health promotion model (HPM) as a framework for assessing perceptions and health-related behaviors related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among blue-collar workers. This was done with the aim of providing time-sensitive educational and training materials for workers while on the job or functioning in their communities. The revised HPM was evaluated in the above context using specific criteria developed by Chinn and Kramer (2008) and scoping literature review. Specifically, we assessed the model based on five criteria such as its clarity, simplicity, generality, accessibility, and importance. The revised HPM showed strengths in both accessibility and generality. That is, it applied to all populations and chronic illnesses through clearly defined and specified major concepts. However, there were several weaknesses in areas of clarity and consistency; the model included three new concepts (i.e., activity-related affect, commitment to a plan of action, and immediate competing demands and preference) that actually decreased these elements. In this context, situational influences require adequately reflected external variables. Nevertheless, the revised HPM showed predictive power among this study’s target population. The HPM was modified to address deficiencies in regard to the concept of risk perception. Work-related situational influences were also restructured based on individual and environmental characteristics. The modified framework can be used to clarify health-related behaviors among blue-collar workers.
Highlights
While all workers are affected, those with blue-collar jobs are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to overtime, occupational physical activity, and job stress (Hwang et al, 2015)
The associations between risk perception and CVD risk factors require continued theoretical examination in order to gather information for use in time-sensitive treatments and interventions designed for workers while on the job or in the community
This study examined the theories used to understand CVD risk perceptions and health-related behaviors among workers, with a specific focus on blue-collar jobs
Summary
While all workers are affected, those with blue-collar jobs are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to overtime, occupational physical activity, and job stress (Hwang et al, 2015). It is imperative to provide appropriate treatments for these workers by investigating their perceived CVD risks, risk-reduction behaviors, and knowledge of CVD. Little is currently known about either risk perception or risk-reduction behaviors among blue-collar employees (Doran et al, 2018; Hwang and Kim, 2019). Meta-analytic studies on risk perception have pointed out that the associations between risk perception and health behaviors are not strong (Harrison et al, 1992; Brewer et al, 2007; Ayaz-Alkaya et al, 2020). The associations between risk perception and CVD risk factors require continued theoretical examination in order to gather information for use in time-sensitive treatments and interventions designed for workers while on the job or in the community
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