Activity Rating Scale Research Articles

The Relationship between Psychological Stress and Emotional State in Chinese University Students during COVID-19: The Moderating Role of Physical Exercise.

To explore the relationship between psychological stress and the emotional state of Chinese college students and the moderating effect of physical exercise. Students in a university in Jiangsu Province were randomly selected for the survey, and questionnaires were administered using the Physical Activity Rating Scale, the Profile of Mood States, and the Chinese College Student Psychological Stress Scale. A total of 715 questionnaires were distributed, and 494 valid questionnaires were returned. Among the students, there were 208 (42.1%) males and 286 (57.9%) females, with a mean age of 19.27 years (SD = 1.06). We found a significant negative correlation between physical exercise and psychological stress (r = -0.637, p < 0.001); a significant negative correlation between physical exercise and emotional state (r = -0.032, p < 0.001); and a significant positive correlation between psychological stress and emotional state (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). Physical exercise negatively moderates the relationship between psychological stress and emotional state (B = -0.012, p < 0.01, ΔR2 = 0.007). Physical exercise is negatively correlated with both emotional state and psychological stress. Physical exercise can reduce the influence of psychological stress on emotional state and promote emotional health.

The Relationship between Physical Activity and Mental Depression in Older Adults during the Prevention and Control of COVID-19: A Mixed Model with Mediating and Moderating Effects

Several studies have found a strong relationship between physical activity and mental depression in older adults. Despite this, the social isolation, limited physical activity, and decreased social interactions caused by the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic control measures of "home isolation and reduction unnecessary travel" had a significant mental impact on older adults. the goal of this study was to look into the complex effects of physical activity participation on mental health in older adults during COVID-19 prevention and control and the relationship between physical activity and mental depression in older adults through the mediating effect of self-efficacy and the moderating effect of social support. The Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the Center for Streaming Depression Scale (CES-D), the Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were used to assess 974 older adults in five urban areas of Chengdu, China. The SPSS was used to analyze the collected data using mathematical statistics, linear regression analysis, and the AMOS to construct the research model. The study's findings revealed that self-efficacy mediated the relationship between physical activity and mental depression in older adults (β = -0.101, 95%CI (-0.149, -0.058)), and social support moderated the relationship between physical activity and mental depression in older adults (t = -9.144, p < 0.01). Physical activity reduces psychological depressive symptoms in older adults and modulates psychological depression in older adults via the mediation efficacy of self-efficacy and the moderating effect of social support.

Meniscal and Articular Cartilage Predictors of Outcome After Revision ACL Reconstruction: A 6-Year Follow-up Cohort Study

Background: Meniscal and chondral damage is common in the patient undergoing revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Purpose: To determine if meniscal and/or articular cartilage pathology at the time of revision ACL surgery significantly influences a patient’s outcome at 6-year follow-up. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients undergoing revision ACL reconstruction were prospectively enrolled between 2006 and 2011. Data collection included baseline demographics, surgical technique, pathology, treatment, and scores from 4 validated patient-reported outcome instruments: International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Marx Activity Rating Scale. Patients were followed up at 6 years and asked to complete the identical set of outcome instruments. Regression analysis assessed the meniscal and articular cartilage pathology risk factors for clinical outcomes 6 years after revision ACL reconstruction. Results: An overall 1234 patients were enrolled (716 males, 58%; median age, 26 years). Surgeons reported the pathology at the time of revision surgery in the medial meniscus (45%), lateral meniscus (36%), medial femoral condyle (43%), lateral femoral condyle (29%), medial tibial plateau (11%), lateral tibial plateau (17%), patella (30%), and trochlea (21%). Six-year follow-up was obtained on 79% of the sample (980/1234). Meniscal pathology and articular cartilage pathology (medial femoral condyle, lateral femoral condyle, lateral tibial plateau, trochlea, and patella) were significant drivers of poorer patient-reported outcomes at 6 years (IKDC, KOOS, WOMAC, and Marx). The most consistent factors driving outcomes were having a medial meniscal excision (either before or at the time of revision surgery) and patellofemoral articular cartilage pathology. Six-year Marx activity levels were negatively affected by having either a repair/excision of the medial meniscus (odds ratio range, 1.45-1.72; P≤ .04) or grade 3-4 patellar chondrosis (odds ratio, 1.72; P = .04). Meniscal pathology occurring before the index revision surgery negatively affected scores on all KOOS subscales except for sports/recreation (P < .05). Articular cartilage pathology significantly impaired all KOOS subscale scores (P < .05). Lower baseline outcome scores, higher body mass index, being a smoker, and incurring subsequent surgery all significantly increased the odds of reporting poorer clinical outcomes at 6 years. Conclusion: Meniscal and chondral pathology at the time of revision ACL reconstruction has continued significant detrimental effects on patient-reported outcomes at 6 years after revision surgery.

Effect of Mobile Phone Addiction on Physical Exercise in University Students: Moderating Effect of Peer Relationships.

The influence of mobile phone addiction (MPA) on physical exercise in university students was explored, and peer relationships were introduced as a moderating variable. A cross-sectional study design was adopted, and an online survey questionnaire was conducted to investigate two universities in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, and Chongzuo City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. A total of 4959 university students completed the questionnaire. Measurement tools included the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, the Physical Activity Rating Scale, and the Peer Rating Scale of university students. University students scored 39.322 ± 15.139 for MPA and 44.022 ± 7.735 for peer relationships, with 87.8% of their physical exercise, in terms of exercise grade, being classified as medium or low intensity. The MPA of the university students was negatively correlated with peer relationships (r = -0.377, p < 0.001) and physical exercise behavior (r = -0.279, p < 0.001). The moderating effect of peer relationships on the MPA-physical exercise behavior relationship was significant (ΔR2 = 0.03, p < 0.001). The physical exercise of university students was at a medium or low intensity. The more serious the university students' addiction to mobile phones was, the lower the amount of physical exercise. The physical activity of males was higher than that of females. MPA and peer relationships were the limiting factors of the physical exercise behavior of university students. Under the lower effect of peer relationship regulation, MPA had a greater negative impact on physical exercise behavior. The data from this research can provide theoretical support to improve the participation of university students in physical activities.

Association between physical activity and online sexual objectification experience: The mediating role of body-image depression.

With the popularization and development of online media technology, more and more women are paying attention to their body image and physical behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of online sexual objectification experience on the physical activity of female college students and verify the mediating role of body-image depression between them. A cross-sectional convenient sample of 882 female college students from four universities in Hubei Province completed an online survey, and the Online Sexual Objectification Experience Scale (OSOES), the Body-Image Depression Questionnaire, and the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS) were used to collect the data. The mediating effect of the association between online sexual objectification experience and physical activity, was examined using the process procedure in SPSS and the bootstrap method. Online sexual objectification experience was significantly positively correlated with physical activity (r = 0.420, p < 0.01). Body-image depression was significantly negatively correlated with online sexual objectification experience and physical activity (r = -0.484, p < 0.01; r = -0.569, p < 0.01). Online sexual objectification experience can affect physical activity directly (β = 6.49, p < 0.001, effect value 44.97%) and also indirectly through body-image depression (β = 7.95, p < 0.001, effect value 55.03%); there were significant differences between major and education-level categories in body-image depression and physical activity. Both online sexual objectification experience and body-image depression can promote physical activity among female college students, and body-image depression has a mediating effect between online sexual objectification experience and physical activity.

Use of an Agitation Measure to Screen for Suicide and Self-Harm Risk Among Emergency Department Patients.

Suicidality alone is insensitive to suicide risk among emergency department (ED) patients. We describe the performance of adding an objective assessment of agitation to a suicide screening instrument for predicting suicide and self-harm after an ED encounter. We tested the performance of a novel screener combining the presence of suicidality or agitation for predicting suicide within 90 days or a repeat ED visit for self-harm within 30 days using retrospective data from all patients seen in an urban safety net ED over 27 months. Patients were assessed for suicidality using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale-Clinical Practice Screener and for agitation using either the Behavioral Activity Rating Scale or Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale. We hypothesized that a screener based on the presence of either suicidality or agitation would be more sensitive to suicide risk than the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale-Clinical Practice Screener alone. The screener's performance is described, and multivariable regression evaluates the correlations between screening and outcomes. The sample comprised 16,467 patients seen in the ED who had available suicide screening and agitation data. Thirteen patients (0.08%) died by suicide within 90 days after ED discharge. The sensitivity and specificity of the screener combining suicidality and agitation for predicting suicide was 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.94) and 0.74 (0.44-0.94), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for agitation combined with positive suicide screening for self-harm within 30 days were 0.95 (0.89-1.00) and 0.73 (0.73-0.74). For both outcomes, augmenting the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale-Clinical Practice Screener with a measure of agitation improved both sensitivity and overall performance compared to historical performance of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale-Clinical Practice Screener alone. Combining a brief objective measure of agitation with a common suicide screening instrument improved sensitivity and predictive performance for suicide and self-harm risk after ED discharge. These findings speak to the importance of assessing agitation not only for imminent safety risk during the patient encounter but also for reducing the likelihood of future adverse events. This work can improve the detection and management of suicide risk in emergency settings.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Behavioral Activity Rating Scale (BARS) for the Brazilian population.

Few instruments are available in Brazil to evaluate psychomotor activity in psychiatric emergency, clinical, and research settings. This study aimed to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Behavioral Activity Rating Scale (BARS) into Brazilian Portuguese and assess the adapted scale's psychometric properties. An expert consensus committee conducted a translation and back-translation of the original scale, resulting in the BARS-BR. Four pairs of physicians administered the BARS-BR and the Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS) to patients in a hospital psychiatry emergency room and patients in the hospital's psychiatric wards. The BARS-BR was compared to the SAS to assess concurrent validity and internal consistency was evaluated with the Bland-Altman technique. In the emergency room, the correlation coefficients between the first and second assessments were rho = 0.997 and rho = 1.0, respectively. In the hospital wards, the correlation coefficient between the pair of evaluators was rho = 0.951. There were strong correlations between the BARS-BR score of the first examiner and the SAS score of the second examiner (rho = 0.903) and between the SAS score of the first examiner and the BARS-BR score of the second examiner (rho = 0.893). The BARS-BR showed good psychometric properties, and we recommend its use because it constitutes an easy method for assessment of changes in psychomotor activity. Further studies are suggested to evaluate adoption and comprehension of the BARS-BR scale by all classes of healthcare professionals.

Relationship between Amount of Exercise and the Meaning in Life among the Adolescent: A Survey of 150 Chinese School Students

The overall living standards of human beings have improved greatly with the continuous economic and social development, but the new lifestyles have also resulted in reduced physical activity and increased psychological stress, especially among the adolescent. To improve the physical and mental health of students, it is particularly vital to strengthen physical education, emphasize mental health education and life education. Meaning in life is one of the important indicators predicting individual psychological health, and adolescence is an important stage in the exploration of students’ meaning in life, so a probe into the relationship between active physical activity and meaning in life among the adolescent is of great significance for teaching practice. In this paper, we conducted a correlation analysis based on data from a questionnaire survey of 150 school students using the Physical Activity Rating Scale and the Meaning in life Questionnaire (MLQ). It’s revealed that there is a significant positive correlation between physical exercise and the Meaning in Life among school students and school students are more likely to discover and have meaning in life when their amount of exercise increases.

Does Online Interprofessional Case-Based Learning Facilitate Collaborative Knowledge Construction?

COVID-19 pandemic has caused an impact on various sectors of life, including the education sector. During the COVID-19 pandemic, education from various levels could only be carried out online by utilizing various on-line media. In Health professional education context, one of the learning activities that must be shifted in online format was interprofessional education (IPE) program. This study aimed to evaluate students' collaborative knowledge construction to evaluate the effectiveness of online interprofessional case-based learning (CBL) activities. This interventional study using quantitative and qualitative method involved a total of 476 students; consisted of 204 medical students, 39 midwifery students and 233 nursing students; who took part online interprofessional CBL. All students were divided into 34 mixed profession groups with 14 students each. To evaluate students' collaborative knowledge construction during CBL, data were collected using the Maastricht Peer Activity Rating Scale (MPARS). Qualitative data exploring students' perception regarding online IPE activity and their online CBL process were collected using Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Quantitative data were analysed using statistical tests, and the qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Students' scores for constructive, collaborative, and motivational activities evaluated using MPARS were considered as average to high. However, nursing students scored the lowest compared to the other two fellow professions: medical and midwifery students, on all items of the MPARS. Medical students had the highest MPARS scores. Several themes could be explored during the FGD. This study revealed that students could engage in collaborative knowledge construction in interprofessional education implementing online interprofessional CBL. However, students thought that offline collaborative practice will better improve team bonding which is considered as prominent aspect for collaboration. This thought gives idea to the implementation of hybrid online offline learning for IPE.

Athletes and Nonathletes Show No Difference in Symptoms or Function Prior to Knee Surgery, but Those With Chronic Symptoms Show Increased Pain Catastrophizing and Kinesiophobia

PurposeTo determine whether preoperative psychological status before outpatient knee surgery is influenced by athletic status, symptom chronicity, or prior surgical history. MethodsInternational Knee Documentation Committee subjective scores (IKDC-S), Tegner Activity Scale scores, and Marx Activity Rating Scale scores were collected. Psychological and pain surveys included the McGill pain scale, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia 11, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, Perceived Stress Scale, New General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Life Orientation Test–Revised for optimism. Linear regression was used to determine the effects of athlete status, symptom chronicity (>6 months or ≤6 months), and history of prior surgery on preoperative knee function, pain, and psychological status after matching for age, sex, and surgical procedure. ResultsIn total, 497 knee surgery patients (247 athletes, 250 nonathletes) completed a preoperative electronic survey. All patients were age 14 years and older and had knee pathology requiring surgical treatment. Athletes were younger than nonathletes on average (mean [SD], 27.7 [11.4] vs 41.6 [13.5] years; P < .001). The most frequently reported level of play among athletes was intramural or recreational (n = 110, 44.5%). Athletes had higher preoperative IKDC-S scores (mean [SE], 2.5 [1.0] points higher; P = .015) and lower McGill pain scores compared to nonathletes (mean [SE] 2.0 [0.85] points lower; P = .017). After matching for age, sex, athlete status, prior surgery, and procedure type, having chronic symptoms resulted in higher preoperative IKDC-S (P < .001), pain catastrophizing (P < .001), and kinesiophobia scores (P = .044). ConclusionsAthletes demonstrate no difference in symptom/pain and function scores preoperatively when compared to nonathletes of similar age, sex, and knee pathology, as well as no difference in multiple psychological distress outcomes measures. Patients with chronic symptoms have more pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia, while those who have had prior knee surgeries have slightly higher preoperative McGill pain score. Level of EvidenceLevel III, cross-sectional analysis of prospective cohort study data.

Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Management of Oily Spot Disease of Pomegranate.

The bacterial pathogen of oily spot disease, a major threat to pomegranate growers, was isolated from infected plant parts of pomegranate collected from orchards in Maharashtra, India. The pathogen was identified as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Xap) following phenotypic and molecular characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It produced pectinase, cellulase, xylanase in medium and in experimentally inoculated tissues with pathogen where pectinase activity was maximum (32.2U/g). Pearson correlation analysis showed a perfect positive correlation (P < 0.05) between enzyme activity and disease rating scale. This indicates the co-synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes that aid in tissue degradation and suggests their role as virulence factors. Out of 150 indigenously isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris PB6, Lactobacillus brevis PFR77 and L. lactis subsp. cremoris PFL9, the potent antagonists of Xap, were used in the management of bacterial blight. Under laboratory conditions, cell formulation of PB6, PFR77 and PFL9 were equally effective (P > 0.05) and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the infection in fruits. Under field conditions, the disease severity index for the treatments where plants received a spray of PB6 with streptocycline, was lowest (4.61%) as compared to cells (15.74%), culture supernatant (20.66%) and their integrated treatments (21.38%), and streptocycline (15.37%) treatments. However, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was noticed between cells and streptocycline treatments, thus, indicating the effectiveness of LAB in treating bacterial blight. This is the first report on the use of antagonistic LAB for the control of oily spot disease of pomegranate.

How physical exercise impacts academic burnout in college students: The mediating effects of self-efficacy and resilience

Academic burnout is harmful to college students, their institutions of learning, and society at large. While research has shown that physical exercise may be associated with reduced academic burnout, the underlying mechanisms require further exploration. This study explored the relationship between physical exercise and academic burnout in a sample of college students, with a focus on the serial mediating roles of self-efficacy and resilience. This study adopted a cross-sectional survey approach among a sample of undergraduate college students in China. We recruited 1,270 participants in the second half of the 2021-2022 academic year (476 men and 794 women), all of whom completed questionnaires containing the Physical Activity Rating Scale, Academic Burnout Scale for College Students, 10-item General Self-Efficacy Scale, and 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. We then subjected the collected data to a series of statistical analyses. Physical exercise was significantly and negatively associated with academic burnout and its three subfactors (i.e., emotional exhaustion, improper behavior, and low personal achievement). Participants in the high physical exercise group showed lower levels of academic burnout than those in the moderate and low physical exercise groups. Finally, our serial mediation model showed that physical exercise had a significant direct effect on academic burnout (β = -0.1104, 95% CI = [-0.1421, -0.0791]) in addition to significant indirect effects on academic burnout via self-efficacy and resilience (β = -0.0802, 95% CI = [-0.1088, -0.0527]); the more exercise participation, the lower the academic burnout among college students. These findings suggest that physical exercise is an important interventional target when aiming to reduce academic burnout.

The relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being in Chinese older people: The mediating role of the sense of meaning in life and self-esteem.

This study explores the relationship between physical exercise and older people's subjective well-being and the mediating role of a sense of meaning in life and self-esteem by using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, in order to provide some suggestions for improving older people's subjective well-being. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted offline using a simple random method of collection, and the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the Subjective Well-being Scale (SWB), the Meaningfulness of Life Scale (MLQ), and the Self-Esteem Scale (SES) were applied to 419 older adults who participated in physical exercise from Chengdu (Qingyang District, Wuhou District, and Chenghua District), Sichuan Province, China, with the voluntary participation of the subjects. 197 males and 222 females, with a mean age of 72.49 (SD = 1.57). The study used SPSS 25.0 and Process 3.5 plug-in for statistical processing of the data, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for intra-variate consistency testing, Harman's one-way test for common method bias testing and multiple covariance diagnosis, and finally regression analysis and Bootstrap sampling test for significance of mediating effects. Physical exercise was able to have a positive effect on the level of subjective well-being of older adults (β = 0.0305; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0226, 0.0384; p < 0.05), and a mediation analysis of sense of meaning in life and self-esteem revealed that they were able to have independent and chained mediation effects, with four pathways: first, physical exercise directly affected subjective well-being of older adults (β = 0.0149; 95% CI: 0.0072, 0.0226; p < 0.05; β = 0.0149; 95% CI: 0.0072, 0.0226; p < 0.05); secondly, sense of meaning in life mediated the relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being of older adults (β = 0.0075; 95% CI: 0.0041, 0.0115; p < 0.05); thirdly, self-esteem mediated the relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being of older adults (β = 0.0075; 95% CI: 0.0041, 0.0115; p < 0.05). (β = 0.0061; 95% CI: 0.0034, 0.0094; p < 0.05); fourth, a chain mediating effect of sense of meaning in life and self-esteem in the relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being in older adults (β = 0.0021; 95% CI: 0.0010, 0.0035; p < 0.05). As indicated by the results, physical exercise can enhance the subjective well-being of older adults through sense of meaning in life and self-esteem, therefore, in order to be able to enhance the subjective well-being of older adults, enhancing the level of sense of meaning in life and self-esteem of older adults is an effective means.

Physical activity and subjective well-being of older adults during COVID-19 prevention and control normalization: Mediating role of outdoor exercise environment and regulating role of exercise form.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the physical and mental health of older adults has been threatened. Promoting physical and mental health through physical activity has therefore become a strategy for healthy aging. In order to better understand the impact of the participation of older adults in physical activity, this paper selects different types of physical activity, and examines the relationship between them and subjective well-being through the analysis of the mediation effect of outdoor exercise environment and the regulating effect of exercise form. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire survey was conducted in mainland China. The main data come from 903 older adults in five urban areas in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. The surveys were carried out using the Physical Activity Rating Scale, Newfoundland Subjective Well-Being Scale, Exercise Environment Scale, and Exercise Form Scale. SPSS was used for statistical analysis, linear regression analysis was adopted for processing data, and AMOS was used to establish a mediation model. The mediating variable is the outdoor exercise environment, and the moderating variable is exercise form; gender, age, education level, and monthly income were used as control variables. The study results showed that different physical activities (tai chi; health qigong; walking and jogging) were significantly, positively correlated with the subjective well-being of older adults (tai chi: R = 0.351, p < 0.01; health qigong: R = 0.340, p < 0.01; walking and jogging: R = 0.245, p < 0.01); among the activities, tai chi had the strongest effect on the subjective well-being of older adults (R = 0.351, p < 0.01). Outdoor exercise environment played a mediating role between different physical activity types and subjective well-being of older adults [tai chi: β = 0.030, 95% CI (0.005, 0.031); health qigong: β = 0.018, 95% CI (0.000, 0.021); walking and jogging: β = 0.034, 95% CI (0.008, 0.035)]. Exercise form moderated the subjective well-being of older adults in different physical activities (tai chi: 0.006, p < 0.05; health qigong: 0.006, p < 0.05; walking and jogging: 0.009, p < 0.001). The results of this study demonstrate that the outdoor exercise environment plays a mediating role between different physical activities and the subjective well-being of older adults, and the form of exercise can also moderate the impact of different physical activities on the subjective well-being of older adults. This study has enlightening significance for psychological intervention with older adults facing stress, anxiety and depression.

Validity Of A Sleep Accelerometer For Assessing Physical Activity In Toddlers

Research grade accelerometers that are valid for sleep assessment are rarely assessed for validity for physical activity assessment in pediatric populations, due to differences in recommended monitor placements and/or settings.1-2 The accelerometer used in this study is widely used in sleep research, but has not been validated for measuring physical activity in toddler populations.4-6 It is currently unknown if this accelerometer could be used as a valid method of measuring physical activity in toddlers. PURPOSE: To determine the validity of this accelerometer for measuring physical activity in toddlers. METHODS: An accelerometer was used to assess physical activity in eleven toddlers across different settings. Toddlers were recruited from a childcare center and from a registry of families with toddlers. Accelerometers were placed on the ankle of each toddler, and at least 30-minutes of both indoor and outdoor free-play activity were video-recorded for each toddler in either the childcare center or home setting. Activity level (1 - 5; 1 = sedentary, 5 = fast) was coded using direct observation, following the Observational System for Recording Physical Activity in Children - Preschool (OSRAC-P).7 Accelerometer count data were sampled in 15-s epochs and aggregated to 60-s for analysis. Association with OSRAC-P was assessed using Spearman correlation (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Nine participants (5 males, 12 - 36 months) with 30 or more minutes of video data were included in analysis. Data were collected over 894 minutes (99 ± 44.2 minutes per toddler). A moderate correlation was found between OSRAC-P and the accelerometer (R = 0.65, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There is a moderate correlation between OSRAC-P activity levels and accelerometer counts. The correlation in this study was higher than previous results reported in toddlers between OSRAC-P activity levels and counts from a hip-worn accelerometer (R = 0.52).8 Another study using similar ankle placement in toddlers, reported a higher correlation between Child Activity Rating Scale (CARS) and accelerometer counts (R = 0.75).9 Preliminary data suggest that this device may be a valid method of physical activity assessment in a toddler population. Supported by NIH/NINR

Chinese College Students' Physical-Exercise Behavior, Negative Emotions, and Their Correlation during the COVID-19 Outbreak.

Background: In the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, the level of college students’ physical exercise, the detection rate of negative emotions, and their correlation should attract extensive attention. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the correlation between college students’ physical exercise and negative emotions. Methods: Data were collected via a web-based cross-sectional survey. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 3118 college students from five universities in Shanghai in March 2022. In addition to sociodemographic information, measures included Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). The chi-squared test and logistic regression were used to analyze the differences and test the relative risk of negative emotions caused by different amounts of physical exercise. Results: Most students (66.1%) performed a small amount of physical exercise. Male students’ physical-exercise level was higher than female students’, and the detection rate of negative emotions was lower than that of female students. Moderate and low physical-exercise levels were associated with a higher risk of depression (beta of 0.289 and 0.345, respectively) and anxiety (beta of 0.301 and 0.418) symptoms than high physical-exercise level. Conclusions: The anxiety symptoms of college students were significant during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The physical-exercise behavior of college students was closely related to negative emotions, and the weakening of physical-exercise behavior was one of the factors that induced negative emotions in college students.

The effects of adolescent physical activity participation on cell phone dependence: The mediating role of self-control.

The rapid development of science and technology and the swift improvement of people's material living standards enabled smartphones to be indispensable of people's daily lives. The purpose of this paper was to examine the influence of self-control in adolescents' participation in physical activity on cell phone dependence. The Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the Self-Control Scale, and the Cell Phone Dependence Scale were used to measure the influence of self-control in adolescents' participation in physical activity on cell phone dependence among 649 adolescents. The results show: (1) There were significant differences (p < 0.01) in the physical activity levels of adolescents under different gender, birthplace, and education background. (2) Each dimensional variable of physical activity was negatively correlated with the cell phone dependence variable, and positively correlated with each variable of self-control, and the self-control variables were negatively correlated with cell phone dependence. (3) Self-control was partially mediating the effects of physical activity on cell phone dependence, with the mediating effect accounting for 39.68%. Adolescents' participation in physical exercise activities will improve self-control and ultimately reduce cell phone dependence. Curbing the negative and malignant events of cell phone addiction among adolescents, timely investigation of mobile phone and Internet addiction, pathological formation mechanisms and intervention measures are important measures to reshape the healthy lifestyle of adolescents and have great practical significance for the prosperity and development of families, society, nation and country.

Physical Fitness, Exercise Behaviors, and Sense of Self-Efficacy Among College Students: A Descriptive Correlational Study.

BackgroundSelf-efficacy is an important component of the mental well-being of college students. This study aimed to evaluate the development and the correlation between physical fitness (PF), exercise behavior, and self-efficacy in college students. To examine whether PF in individual college students can predict self-efficacy, and whether exercise behavior mediates this relationship.MethodsThis was an observational study of 1923 randomly selected college students (50.5% girl). Measures included the Physical Activity Rating Scale, the Self-Efficacy Scale, and PF testing.ResultsSelf-efficacy was weakly correlated to both PF (r = 0.240) and exercise behavior (r = 0.248). In regression analysis, PF explained 24.7% of the variance in self-efficacy, increasing to 29.4% when exercise behavior was considered. Therefore, the predictive effect of PF on self-efficacy is partially realized through healthy exercise behavior.ConclusionPhysical fitness can predict self-efficacy among college students, with exercise behavior being an important mediation of this relationship. Strategies to improve positive exercise behaviors and PF could improve students’ self-efficacy and overall mental health.

Up to One-Half of Runners Return to Running One Year After Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy

PurposeTo determine whether, and at which frequency, runners return to running after undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM).MethodsWe identified patients who underwent surgery between August 2012 and December 2019 who were classified as runners (defined as running 2+ times per week according to Marx Activity Rating Scale Q1) and completed the 1-year follow-up to assess outcomes. Patients were followed using the Marx Activity Rating Scale, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey mental and physical components, and visual analog pain scale scores preoperatively and 1 and 2 years postoperatively. The association between baseline characteristics and return to running was assessed using the unpaired t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous predictors and a χ2 test for categorical predictors, using the 1-year postoperative follow-up data.ResultsA total of 185 patients were included in this study. One year after APM, 41% of runners returned to running at the same frequency or more frequently than before. Further, 50% of runners returned to running at least twice weekly. Return to running according to those definitions was similar at 2 years (38% and 47%, respectively). At both 1 and 2 years, runners exhibited significant improvements in KOOS (Pain), KOOS (Function in Sport and Recreation), visual analog pain scale, and Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey physical component scores. Lower body mass index (P = .0248) and greater baseline running frequency (P = .0300) predicted return to running at least twice weekly at 1 year postoperatively. Medial versus lateral compartment partial meniscectomy and Outerbridge grade were not significant predictors of return to running.ConclusionsRoughly 1 in 2 runners return to their preoperative running frequency after undergoing APM. Obesity and lower baseline running frequency were significantly associated with inability to return to running.Level of EvidenceIII, retrospective cohort study.

Higher preoperative expectations predict better outcomes in shoulder surgery patients.

The purpose of this study is to determine if preoperative expectations (PE) are an independent predictor of greater 2-year outcomes and greater improvement from baseline in shoulder surgery patients. Two-hundred and sixteen patients who underwent shoulder surgery at one institution were studied. Patients completed both preoperative and 2-year follow-up questionnaires including PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System) computer-adaptive testing in six domains, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, shoulder numeric pain scale (NPS), and the Marx Shoulder Activity Rating Scale (MARS). PE were measured using the Musculoskeletal Outcomes and Data Evaluation Management System (MODEMS) expectations domain, and satisfaction was measured via the Surgical Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ-8). The mean PE score was 86.2 ± 17.8. Greater PE were associated with significantly better 2-year scores for ASES, NPS, MARS, SSQ8, and PROMIS domains of Physical Function, Fatigue, Pain Interference Fatigue and Social Satisfaction. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that greater PE were an independent predictor of both better 2-year scores and greater improvement for PROMIS SS (p < 0.001), ASES (p = 0.007), and shoulder NPS (p = 0.011). Greater PE are positively associated with numerous patient-based outcomes 2 years after surgery. With regards to pain relief, shoulder function, and social satisfaction, higher PE are also predictive of better outcome scores and more improvement. This study suggests that preoperative assessment of shoulder surgery PE is important, and that counseling patients to optimize realistic expectations may lead to superior outcomes. III.