Active Part Research Articles

PUSHKIN’S JUBILEE OF 1937 IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the celebrations dedicated to the hundredth anniversary of death of A.S. Pushkin, which took place not only in the USSR, but also in the Russian exile. According to the decree of the Soviet government in 1935, the All-Union Pushkin’s Committee was established under the chairmanship of A.M. Gorky. The Committee was allocated significant funds for various events, which made it possible to publish a scientific collection of Pushkin’s works. The Russian émigré organizations also took an active part in the preparation of the festive events, organized own committees and began implementing its own publishing program. The analysis suggests comparison of the activities of the committees in Paris and Prague, while emphasizing that they were not related to the work of the Soviet committees created both in the USSR and abroad under the auspices of the All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. Documents are cited confirming that in Czechoslovakia, in the conditions of the establishment of diplomatic relations with the USSR and the signing of a Mutual Assistance Agreement, local authorities, yielding to the insistence of the Soviet side, refused to support the émigré celebrations. As a result, the Union of Russian Writers and Journalists in Prague was forced to abandon its broad program of Pushkin’s celebrations. Thereby, in 1937 parallel celebrations were held in Prague, as in Paris, not comparable in scale, but nevertheless equally important for perpetuating the heritage of Pushkin and popularizing his work abroad.

Education to Promote Healthy and Sustainable Eating Habits: A Bibliometric Analysis

Food production accounts for a substantial part of human activities’ negative impact on planetary environmental stability. Although environmental education and education for sustainable development could both promote changes in this area, research often does not focus on their potential to build healthy and sustainable eating habits. Here, a bibliometric map of the scientific literature is outlined, revealing trends and opportunities for research on this topic. The SPAR-4-SLR protocol was used to collect a large sample (RQ1 sample: n = 2067) and, subsequently, a narrow sample (RQ2 sample: n = 256) of research works on this topic. The sampling process and data treatment were undertaken in RStudio. The bibliometric analysis shows that scientific research in this area is increasing exponentially in quantity (R2 = 0.926). However, the model also indicates that quality standards have been decreasing (β = −0.951 p < 0.001), with a high adjustment (R2 = 0.803). Cross-statistical corroboration points in the same direction (r = −0.541 p < 0.01). Authorship quality has low consistency among publications focused on eating-habit education from an environmental sustainability perspective. The emerging topics are meat consumption, behavior, attitudes, and the Mediterranean diet. This research unveils gaps to be explored in future research on education for sustainable development (and environmental education) to foster healthy and sustainable eating habits, and contributes to the discussion on the quality standards of scientific research.

Simulating the onset of damage in DCDC tests using a novel gradient‐extended damage model for tension‐compression asymmetry

AbstractIn the present work, an existing framework for gradient‐extended damage is extended to simulate the damage onset in double cleavage drilled compression (DCDC) tests. The main idea is to consider the different evolution of the damage variable under tensile and compressive loading. More specifically, the star‐convex decomposition is exploited to split the strain energy into an active part and an inactive part, and only the active part drives the evolution of the damage variable in the compressive regime. A parameter adopted in the star‐convex decomposition is applied to calibrate the compressive strength independently from the tensile strength, such that the current model can simulate different types of the damage onset. Furthermore, the strengthening effect induced by damage hardening is discussed in this work.

Local leadership in Kashmir: navigating the issues of diversity and compatibility

PurposeThis study explores the diversity and compatibility of leadership in a local context. It aims to understand the interface between traditional and democratic leadership in local governance.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a qualitative approach, the researchers collected data through unstructured interviews and utilised thematic analysis for data interpretation.FindingsThe study demonstrated that the emergence of democratic local leadership has not supplanted traditional leaders but rather gained legitimacy and effectiveness by collaborating with them. This study illustrated how traditional and modern democratic leadership can coexist and effectively manage community affairs.Practical implicationsThe study emphasises the potential for traditional leaders to take part in local governance activities, offering a practical tool to improve the effectiveness of local governance. Its findings also underscore the need for collaborative governance to deal with local issues.Originality/valueThis research study contributes to the literature on collaborative governance at the local level. It helps us understand the different types of leaders and their collective efforts in meeting local challenges. It is the first study of its kind in South Asia.

A study of the enablers and barriers to the collection of sociodemographic data by public health units in Ontario, Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundCollection and use of sociodemographic data (SDD), including race, ethnicity and income, are foundational to understanding health inequities. Ontario’s public health units collected SDD as part of COVID-19 case management and vaccination activities. This research aimed to identify enablers and barriers to collecting SDD during COVID-19 case management and vaccination.MethodsAs part of a larger mixed-method research study [1], qualitative methods were used to identify enablers and barriers to SDD collection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants from Ontario’s 34 public health units. Sixteen focus groups and eight interviews were conducted virtually using Zoom. Interview data were transcribed and analyzed using inductive and deductive qualitative description.ResultsSDD collection enablers included: legally mandating SDD collection and having dedicated data systems, technological and legal supports, senior management championing SDD collection, establishing rapport and trust between staff and clients, and gaining insight from the experiences from local communities and other jurisdictions. Identified barriers to SDD collection included: provincial data systems being perceived as lacking user-friendliness, SDD collection “was not a priority,” time and other constraints on building staff and client rapport, and perceived discomfort with asking and answering personal SDD questions.ConclusionA combination of provincial and local organizational strategies including supportive data systems, training, and frameworks for data collection and use, are needed to normalize and scale up SDD collection by local health units beyond the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

‘People of the barracks’: Meta-beliefs of a migrant community in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Literature discussing contents of meta-beliefs, or beliefs about other beliefs, and what effects they have on intergroup relationships, specifically among disadvantaged groups are rare. Our study aims to explore meta-beliefs among the resettled Sambas Madurese community, in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, who were affected by the 1999 Sambas Conflict. We adopted an ethnographic approach, with a three-month live-in duration, conducting interviews, casual conversations, and taking part in community activities. Our findings reveal two important contents of meta-belief held by the Sambas Madurese migrants: ‘people of the barracks’, and ‘evil and criminal’. As a disadvantaged group, the Sambas Madurese resort to more covert and subtle forms of resistance, mainly through reappropriation and daily life changes to disprove meta-beliefs. Here, reappropriation of those negative meta-beliefs, mainly linked to moral superiority, is employed. It is observed that the contents of meta-belief go beyond cognitive aspects, including strong emotive components and behavioral responses. Our study hopes to contribute to a discussion on intergroup relationships among host and disadvantaged migrant communities from ethnic conflict backgrounds.

OS DESAFIOS DA PROTEÇÃO DO CONSUMIDOR NO COMÉRCIO ELETRÔNICO

With technological advances, a large part of everyday activities have migrated to the virtual environment, causing legislation to adapt to ensure citizens' rights in all situations. Consequently, e-commerce has grown exponentially in recent decades, bringing numerous benefits but also significant challenges for consumer protection. Considered vulnerable and, therefore, insufficient, consumers have been even more exposed to risky situations when concluding electronic contracts, which is why this article aims to present the biggest challenges to consumer protection in the virtual environment. To this end, the research uses the deductive method of study, carried out through bibliographical consultation of legislation, doctrine and jurisprudence, aiming to protect consumers in the face of online transactions, data security and quality of products and services contracted via the internet. Furthermore, it is intended to examine existing regulations at national level aimed at protecting consumers in the digital environment and the application of CDC articles in these cases, while there is no specific legislation for these contracts.

A Case Study: Implementation of Innovative Educational Strategies on Teaching Nuclear Chemistry at the College of Engineering Laguna State Polytechnic University – Sta. Cruz Campus

The outcome of the evaluation shows the level of students’ consistency with the expected learning outcomes and identifies the weaknesses that are present in them for training rationale. As a result, the data highlight the necessity of the creation of certain instructional techniques that would help the students confront the challenges that arise due to nuclear chemistry. Probably this would improve the understanding p of nuclear structure and properties when jigsaw and practical strategies are used to teach. A noticeable growth of homogeneity between subjects around the engineering specialization spectrum provides an idea of what works best. High marks achieved early may indicate deficits within the domain while progressing uniformly points towards learning needs being unaddressed. Learners’ interests and the perception of their knowledge may be enhanced by employing diverse tasking and assessment strategies within the instructional applications. Nuclear chemistry may remain a challenging science that does not motivate students to learn or retain information if its delivery does not change. The action plan is part of follow-up activities like conducting active learning through group work and experiments. Such procedures are reasonable as they provide and support evidence of understanding through feedback. Adjust the existing curriculum as a pedagogical strategy for generating credible new information supported by practical benefits. Impart additional learning and teaching in a way that assists challenged or struggling learners in adapting. Be open and discuss positive outcomes so that students become more self-assured and confident. As the above recommendations and action plans were also suggested by them, it is expected that engineering students who adopt nuclear chemistry will have their education experiences enhanced. This strategic approach does more than solve the challenges noted but also employs the resources and opportunities available to promote understanding of the subject. It is also expected that these strategies will be subjected to constant evaluation to improve their effectiveness and the students’ addresses.

Determinants of Doctor–Patient Communication in Terms of Patient Rights During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background. Today, the public does not want to be just a passive consumer of health services. Patients often expect to be informed and involved in decisions about their health. Objective. With better doctor–patient communication, patients are more likely to follow treatment recommendations. Material and methods. The study was conducted using a face-to-face survey method on a group of 203 adult, independent patients from 2021 to 2022 at a medical facility, i.e., a rehabilitation clinic. The purpose of this study was to assess the determinants of doctor–patient communication in terms of patient rights. One of patients’ rights is the right to information about their health condition and treatment methods and the right to ask questions when the doctor does not provide details about the treatment or diagnosis or when it is not understandable. Doctors providing information to the patient and the opportunity for the patient to ask questions are key elements in the process of making informed decisions regarding further medical treatment. Therefore, patients were divided into two groups: active (+) and passive in communication (−) with doctors. Results. Patients who were active in communication (33%) wanted to ask questions or had the opportunity to ask the doctor questions, and thus, they were able to take an active part in the discussion with the doctor. In contrast, patients who were passive in communication (67%) did not want to ask questions or did not have the opportunity to ask the doctor questions, and therefore, their active participation in the discussion and thus their right to ask questions may have been limited. The authors’ survey shows that respondents with active communication were significantly more likely than patients with passive communication (almost 100% vs. 86%) to obtain information about their condition (p = 0.002), diagnostic methods (p = 0.003), therapeutic methods (p = 0.00007), treatment results, and prognosis (p = 0.0008). Moreover, almost all respondents with active communication as opposed to respondents with passive communication (95% vs. 52%) rated communication with doctors highest (on a scale from 0 to 5), including credible and professional approach to patients (p < 0.0001), providing information in clear and simple language (p < 0.0001), answering questions asked by patients (p < 0.0001), openness and kindness (p < 0.0001), maintaining professional confidentiality (p < 0.0001), or emotional support (p < 0.0001). Conclusions. Hence, the primary key element of the medical consultation is appropriate amount and content of information given to the patient, providing explanations and answering questions. Also importantly, according to the results, active communication between patients and doctors was significantly influenced by female gender, higher education, and a positive evaluation of communication with doctors.

The Influence of Tiken Jah Fakoly’s Reggae Music in Post-independence Côte d’Ivoire

Tiken Jah Fakoly, a prominent Ivoirian reggae artist, has played an important role in the social and political development of post-independence Côte d’Ivoire. This paper explores the impact and influence of Tiken Jah Fakoly’s music on the socio-political dynamics of the country, especially as these relate to national unity, political awareness, and social movements. To assess Fakoly’s influence on the social fabric of Côte d’Ivoire, we administered a questionnaire-based survey to a diverse sample of participants. The questions included information on demographics, music consumption habits, familiarity with Fakoly’s music, perceptions of his recordings, his influence of their sense of identity, and their impressions of the impact his music has on social and political issues. The results show that Tiken Jah Fakoly’s music has had a significant effect on the attitudes of Ivoirians and has helped shape the unique character of Ivorian reggae. His music has fostered a sense of unity and solidarity among Ivorians, and it has inspired numerous individuals to take part in advocacy and activism-related activities. The outcomes of this research have broad implications for the role African music plays in nation-building processes, in the creation of a sense of cultural identity, and in the capacity to motivate political and social movements.

Oxygen Consumption in Filamentous Pellets of Aspergillus niger: Microelectrode Measurements and Modeling.

Filamentous fungi cultivated as biopellets are well established in biotechnology industries. A distinctive feature of filamentous fungi is that hyphal growth and fungal morphology affect product titers and require tailored process conditions. Within the pellet, mass transfer, substrate consumption, and biomass formation are intricately linked to the local hyphal fraction and pellet size. This study combined oxygen concentration measurements with microelectrode profiling and three-dimensional X-ray microtomography measurements of the same fungal pellets for the first time. This allowed for the precise correlation of micromorphological information with local oxygen concentrations of two Aspergillus niger strains (hyperbranching and regular branching). The generated results showed that the identified oxygen-penetrated outer pellet regions exhibited a depth of 90-290 µm, strain-specific, with the active part percentage in the pellet ranging from 18% to 69%, without any difference between strains. Using a 1D continuum diffusion consumption model, the oxygen concentration in the pellets was computed depending on the local hyphal fraction. The best simulation results were achieved by individually estimating the oxygen-related biomass yield coefficient of the consumption term within each examined pellet, with an average estimated value of 1.95 (± 0.72) kg biomass per kg oxygen. The study lays the foundation for understanding oxygen supply in fungal pellets and optimizing processes and pellet morphologies accordingly.

Shades of party activism: understanding ZANU-PF youth activists

This article contributes to debates on authoritarian renewal and youth party activism in Africa, based on case study research with youth who are active in the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF). While youth activism and electoral politics is a subject of rich scholarship, there is limited knowledge on the motivations and agency of the party youth of hegemonic ruling parties. The study engaged a diverse group of ZANU-PF youth to understand their journeys into party activism, how they negotiate the discourses and authoritarian practices promoted by ZANU-PF, and their political agency on behalf of and within the party. The article analyses the everyday ways through which youth activists take part in ZANU-PF structures and activities, noting the dimensions of class and gender. The findings demonstrate the existing ‘shades in activism’, with some youth being born into the party and others joining in search of opportunities, but this does not exclude the possibility of some wanting to promote the prosperity of others. Some self-proclaimed loyalists embrace ZANU-PF narratives, while most are highly critical of the ruling party. We argue that everyday forms of youth activism may constitute authoritarianism from below. Whether ‘at the front’ or ‘at the back’, all ZANU-PF youth contribute to the reproduction of the systems and networks of ZANU-PF, and thus authoritarian renewal, especially because the room for contestation and change from within the ruling party is limited.

I reflect, therefore I am!, Exploring the use of a Voluntary Online Reflective Journal as a learning tool among postgraduate dental students.

Reflection is widely used in all aspects of teaching and learning in dental education and makes a fundamental part of all learning activities for dental students. However, reflective tasks are often used with a clear purpose; for example, in completing e-portfolios or dealing with critical incidences. This study explores the use of optional online journals that Postgraduate (PG) dental students were encouraged to use as part of their own development. To explore how PG dental students perceive the use of optional online journals. Data were collected via an anonymous questionnaire that included a word pool, Likert-scale statements and free text comment sections. Overall, 31 students (93%) responded to the questionnaire with high focus on the usefulness of the journal, with 58% selecting 'connecting with tutors' and 41% selecting 'keeping track' of their own learning and progress. The word 'reflection' was selected by 87% of participants when describing the use of the journal. Some participants, 29%, considered the journal as 'added pressure', and 41% felt it was 'extra work' as the journal, although voluntary, presented an added task to complete. All students made at least one entry in the online journal. The use of an optional online journal can be a useful tool in establishing connection between dental students and their tutors. Some postgraduate dental students valued the benefits of reflective journal without it being linked to assessments. Some concerns were reported around the time constraints as well as the added work related to taking part in such activity.

An Empirical Approach to Archaeological Heritage Conservation Through Tourism Planning: A Proposal in the Case of Tyana, Türkiye

ABSTRACT Archaeological heritage is too important and valuable a resource to be left to tourism professionals and/or archaeologists alone. Protecting archaeological heritage sites and transferring them to future generations is not possible only through legal regulations and archaeological studies. They need to be brought into tourism by involving local people in the scope of archaeotourism planning. To address the issue, the ancient city of Tyana was chosen as a model to theorise and design a micro-level archaeotourism plan. The study aims to reveal the significance and characteristics of the city’s archaeological heritage and to understand local people’s attitudes towards archaeotourism through qualitative research. The study revealed that local people are keen to be a part of tourism activities for better service and that the heritage site is an important chance for development. The study then proposes on how local people can contribute to tourism development in the site in line with these results.

2.G. Practice session: Africa and Europe: peer-to-peer HIS assessments for NCD, mental health and injuries surveillance

Abstract Public health surveillance is the basis for evidence-informed decision-making and health (systems) research, globally. Without robust data, public health challenges cannot be tackled. NCDs, mental health conditions and injuries (NCDI/MH) are among the biggest global public health challenges. Their risk and protective factors, including social, political and commercial determinants of health, transcend borders and require multi-disciplinary, multi-stakeholder and long-term responses. Since 2006, comparable national data on NCDI/MH are being collected in Europe on the basis of European Core Health Indicators (ECHI) and the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS). Currently, EU and WHO EURO are working together to set up a new Health Information Network. At EU level, a sustainable health information infrastructure is still lacking, despite extensive preparations in EU-funded projects. Part of these project activities were health information system (HIS) assessments, applying the WHO EURO Support tool to strengthen health information systems for peer-to-peer assessments. In the African region, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), founded in 2017, made NCDI/MH prevention and control a strategic priority. In 2021, it launched its first continental NCDs, Injuries Prevention and Control and Mental Health Promotion Strategy (2022-26) under which the organization supports its Member States. At the 3rd International Conference on Public Health in Africa (Zambia, Nov. 2023), Africa CDC presented a continental Guidance to strengthen NCDI/MH surveillance. The Guidance was developed in collaboration with Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and is based on desk reviews, surveys and national HIS assessments. Both Europe and Africa performed HIS assessments to strengthen NCDI/MH surveillance; standardized tools from WHO EURO and from the International Association of National Public Health Institutes (IANPHI) were used and adapted to fit peer-to-peer approaches and regional contexts. This workshop will present and discuss methodological approaches, experiences and lessons learned, thereby initiating knowledge exchange across continents. The presentations will address the following points: - From top-down to peer-to-peer: methods & tools used in HIS assessments - From paper to practice: the importance of site visits in HIS assessments - From educated guesses to evidence: outcomes of HIS assessments at country level - From evidence to action: translation of HIS assessment outcomes into HIS improvements - From pilot to scale-up: challenges, lessons learned, sustainability of HIS developments To our knowledge, this workshop is the first one at the EPH to bring together practitioners in HIS strengthening for NCDI/MH from Africa and Europe. The workshop offers a unique opportunity to engage with the audience and to explore options for international collaboration. Key messages • Interregional collaboration helps reduce health information inequalities, facilitating better global management of high burden health challenges, such as NCDs, mental health conditions and injuries. • Peer-to-peer HIS assessments in Africa and Europe strengthen NCDI/MH surveillance. They build evidence for policy advice, research and health education and add the benefit of forging expert networks.

Cancer Prevention in People Experiencing Mental Ill-Health: A co-designed Patient Navigation Concept

Abstract Introduction People experiencing mental ill-health have greater disparities in cancer specific morbidity and mortality. Factors influencing cancer prevention include increased risk behaviours and frequent encounters with barriers to health care utilization. The Patient Navigation Model (PNM) has been proven to reduce barriers in accessing cancer preventive care in vulnerable populations. To facilitate successful implementation, the conceptual features of the PNM were co-designed with patients and other relevant stakeholders. Methods Twelve focus groups were conducted in January 2024 at four pilot sites in Austria, Greece, Poland, and Spain. Iterative focus group discussions were carried out following key considerations for the PNM as outlined by DeGroff et al., audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed deductively using a directed content analysis while allowing for potential inductive emergence of codes and topics. A total of 50 participants attended, representing five groups (individuals with mental ill-health, care givers, care team members, representatives of mental health organizations, and representatives of service managers). Results The co-design focus groups allowed for the PNM to be contextually adapted to each pilot site, but similarities in the approach emerged within the following four themes: 1) the requirement for a person-centred approach, 2) consideration of both person-specific and context-specific needs, 3) flexibility and competencies of navigators and 4) variation of navigation services (e.g., improving health literacy, promoting a healthy lifestyle, and providing practical support). Conclusions Participatory approaches in co-designing interventions allow for context specific development of interventions to meet the requirements of people with complex needs. Co-designing the PNM is part of activities of the CO-CAPTAIN project funded by the European Union’s Horizon Europe Programme (GA 101104784). Key messages • The Patient Navigation Model for Primary Cancer Prevention is a tailored intervention aiming to meet the needs of individuals experiencing mental ill-health. • The conceptual features of the Patient Navigation Model for Primary Cancer Prevention were co-designed with patients and other relevant stakeholders.

The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health of Young Adults: A Literature Review

This concept paper explores the complex relationship between social media usage and the mental health of young adults. The paper introduces the notion of social media and its significance in the lives of young adult, emphasizing the importance of studying its effects on their mental health and psychological well-being. Social media platforms have become an integral part of daily activities in the lives of young people. It has also become an invasive element in the lives of youth, shaping their social interactions, self-perception, and access to lots of information. Even though these platforms offer opportunities for social connection, creative expression, and educational engagement, they also present significant mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, which are often driven by social comparison, cyberbullying, and the pressure to maintain an idealized online image. The paper investigates key areas of concern, including the rise of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem linked to social comparison, cyberbullying, and the relentless pursuit of online validation. It also examines the addictive nature of social media, its impact on sleep, and the destruction of face-to-face social skills. By analysing existing literature and identifying research gaps, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the two-edged nature of social media's influence on mental health. It advocates for the development of digital literacy programs, mental health support systems, and balanced usage strategies to help young people navigate the challenges posed by social media while maximizing its potential benefits.

Research on International Trade Development Path of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in the Context of E-commerce Trade

With the rapid development of Internet technology and the advancement of globalization, e-commerce has become an important part of international trade activities. In this context, how to expand the international market and enhance the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises with the help of e-commerce trading platform has become a hot issue in current research. This paper first summarizes the development of e-commerce trade and its impact on the international trade of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and then analyzes the current situation and main problems of the international trade of small and medium-sized enterprises. On this basis, it puts forward the development path and strategy of SMEs' international trade under the background of e-commerce trade, including establishing e-commerce trade platform, strengthening supply chain management, utilizing cross-border e-commerce, strengthening brand building, and innovating service mode. This paper aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for SMEs to carry out international trade under the background of e-commerce trade.

Investigating the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and loneliness among people with type-2 diabetes in Bangladesh: a community-based study

Diabetes mellitus is a major worldwide health concern. Diabetes has been associated with a number of adverse mental health conditions including depression, anxiety, and loneliness that can negatively impact diabetes outcomes. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with depression, anxiety, and loneliness in people, in the community, suffering with diabetes in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 600 people with type-2 diabetes (54.83% females; mean age: 52.70 ± 11.56 years) between July and September 2022. Purposive sampling method was used to recruit the participants. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and other data. Depression, anxiety, and loneliness were measured using the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and UCLA Loneliness scale, respectively. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to ascertain factors that were significantly associated with these mental health conditions. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and loneliness was 31.17%, 21.83%, and 28.00%, respectively. A lack of formal education, and not taking part in physical activities were significantly associated with all three mental health states. Duration of diabetes and being on medication for high cholesterol were also associated with depression and anxiety. Older age and being widowed were significantly associated with loneliness. This study found that depression, anxiety, and loneliness are prevalent among Bangladeshi people with diabetes, with certain sociodemographic and diabetes-related factors associated with increased risk. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to people within the communities, at grassroot levels in order to improve reduce health inequality, and improve the mental health of people living with diabetes.

Flipped Classroom Trial for Python Programming with Raspberry Pi Using Moodle

A flipped classroom is a pedagogical method that flips traditional lectures and homework. In the case of a flipped classroom, the traditional lecture is viewed at home before class and homework activities are completed in the classroom with the tutor present to guide students in their work. At present, the above-mentioned flipped classroom has become increasingly popular, and sometimes controversial, within higher education. In this paper, we describe the flipped classroom example for Python programming to control I/O devices with Raspberry Pi. First, the tutor uploads the lecture notes onto Moodle. Secondly, students read the lecture notes prior to the class. Students can then ask questions on the Moodle Forum if there are any questions about the class notes. Thirdly, the students attend the class. As part of the class activities, students form into 10 groups. Each group creates a Python programme based on topics related to the class note, one hour is permitted for this activity. This is an example of a group activity. Next, each group will demonstrate the Python programme they have created to the tutor and other students in a 5-minute presentation. Following this, the tutor and other students will provide comments on the demonstration. Students will then complete a self-reflection journal about the flipped classroom on Moodle after the class. The tutor evaluates each journal written by the students. In this paper, a description of the Python programmes aims to control 8 LEDs is given as an example of a flipped classroom. Finally, the tutor added a questionnaire about the flipped classroom onto Moodle at the end of the semester. Collated questionnaire responses show that students felt the flipped classroom was appealing and helped improve programming skill. Thus, the author concludes that the flipped classroom is engaging and an effective way of teaching.