Activity In Youth Research Articles

Development and application of the Scripted Animation Survey (SAS) for out-of-school time professional learning

ABSTRACT Despite the wealth of learning youth experience outside formal classrooms, relatively little research has been invested in understanding out-of-school-time (OST) educators’ professional learning (PL). We explore this need in the context of a STEM facilitation PL program (i.e. Afterschool Coaching for Reflective Educators in STEM, or ACRES) through their foundational PL module, Asking Purposeful Questions, by describing the development and use of the scripted animation survey (SAS) using the framework of educator noticing. First, we detail how we developed and validated an analysis approach to the SAS. Through iterative development with feedback from PL providers, we identified a delivery format; response process; and codebook that aligned with the program objectives and paralleled the feedback exchange structure familiar to participating educators. Second, we apply the educator noticing framework to illustrate a possible use of the SAS. In comparing pre- and post-administration of the SAS using the noticing framework, we identified a shift in respondents’ noticing to be more aware of youth activity relative to educator activity. We suggest that the SAS may be a useful tool to diagnose and respond to educator attention within a PL program, particularly when logistical and financial constraints restrict access to longitudinal videos of practice and interviews.

Abstract 4135629: Grades and trends from the 2024 United States Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth

Background: Regular physical activity provides numerous health benefits including improved cardiovascular health. Population-level physical activity surveillance is critical for informing research, practice, and policy efforts for supporting population health and health disparities. The United States Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth addresses physical activity surveillance needs by integrating data from numerous sources capturing levels of physical activity and related behaviors (e.g., sedentary behavior, sleep), and facilitators and barriers for physical activity among United States youth. The 2024 Report Card is the 5 th and decennial iteration in the series, released October 2024. Methods: A Report Card Working Group was assembled under the auspices of the Physical Activity Alliance and National Physical Activity Plan. Members reviewed the evidence for 11 indicators using data from nationally representative surveys and assigned grades. Data were examined for the overall population and, when possible, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability subgroups. A standardized grading rubric was used to assign a letter grade to each indicator ranging from A to F. Trends in key benchmarks over time were examined since the first report card (2014) or earliest available data. Results: Sufficient data were available to assign grades for 8 of the 11 indicators. The assigned grades ranged from B- to F, with overall physical activity levels earning a D- (Table 1). No indicators improved since 2014. Five indicators - overall physical activity, organized sport participation, active transportation, sedentary behaviors, and school - worsened since 2014. Conclusions: The compiled surveillance report indicates generally poor grades and concerning trends over the recent decade. These findings highlight opportunities to improve physical activity levels and resources for supporting cardiovascular health among United States youth. Policy approaches are needed to combat societal factors that interfere with physical activity. Gaps in data availability, specificity, and quality point to needs for improved surveillance to track impacts. The 2024 Report Card can be a tool for supporting advocacy of regular physical activity at the national and local level.

Drivers of Change: Youth Action in Lempangang Village, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi in the Service of Pancasila Village

The purpose of this article is a form of dedication to the Pancasila village in Boto Lempangang to strengthen the sense of unity among the community but also to make a real contribution to improving the quality of life of the village residents. Activities such as social service, education, skills training, and environmental initiatives are a means of implementing Pancasila values in everyday life. Their work has become an inspiration for other villages to work together to maintain and develop the values that are the identity of the Indonesian nation. This research uses qualitative research using a case study design. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification stages. The research results show that the initiative carried out by the youth of Lempangang Village in the Kampung Pancasila program has had a significant positive impact on the local community. Through various programs such as agricultural counseling, national education and healthy living, developing MSMEs, and increasing food security, village youth have succeeded in strengthening local capacity and creating sustainable change. These programs not only improve economic welfare and public health but also strengthen national values and social solidarity.

Paediatric cancer survivors: lean mass attenuates negative impact of watching television on bone.

To investigate the associations of television (TV) watching time with bone parameters and to examine whether high lean mass attenuates the negative impact of watching TV more than one hour per day on bone parameters. This cross-sectional study comprised 116 young paediatric cancer survivors. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry was used to obtain total body and regional areal bone mineral density (g/cm2), and lean mass (kg) outcomes. Hip Structural Analysis was performed at the narrowest point of the femoral neck. Trabecular Bone Score was obtained in the lumbar spine. TV watching time was obtained using the "Youth Activity Profile" questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models showed negative associations of watching TV more than one hour with bone parameters in peri/post pubertal survivors (β = -0.359 to -0.614, P < 0.001 to 0.047). Those survivors watching TV more than one hour per day and with high lean mass presented higher bone parameter Z-score than those with low lean mass. These findings underline the necessity of identifying strategies that promote musculoskeletal development while reducing TV watching time in young paediatric cancer survivors to maximise bone regeneration. The results indicate that watching television (TV) more than one hour (compared to not watching TV) is negatively associated with bone parameters in peri/post pubertal survivors. Survivors with high lean mass counteract these negative associations of watching TV with bone parameters. It is important to promote musculoskeletal development in this vulnerable population to maximise bone regeneration.

From “snowflake generation” to “agents of social change”: Recognizing the voice of Spanish young people in the post-pandemic era

This article uses 60 in-depth interviews with young Spanish people and contributes to studies on youth geographies of future in post-pandemic. The paper gives young people a voice by analysing two interlinked concepts: (l) the “snowflake generation” – “generación de cristal” – which was popularized in Spain as a fragile and insecure generation and consequently exhibiting a lack of tolerance and frustration in the face of unachieved goals; and (2) “agents of change”, included on broader perspectives of youth activism, meaning a generation motivated by the desire to construct a regenerated post-pandemic society. My hypothesis is that the fragility of the younger generation after the pandemic has transformed over time into an aspiration and motivation to become agents of social change. The findings highlight that young people are using their technological knowledge and resilience to overcome fragility, participating and demanding recognition of their criticisms and perceptions of injustice. The conclusions offer a better understanding of young people and their capacity to be responsible and innovative, converting weakness into strength. They show the need to advance theoretical and empirical understanding of younger perspectives in relation to how they want to change and make a greater contribution to future society.

Shades of party activism: understanding ZANU-PF youth activists

This article contributes to debates on authoritarian renewal and youth party activism in Africa, based on case study research with youth who are active in the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF). While youth activism and electoral politics is a subject of rich scholarship, there is limited knowledge on the motivations and agency of the party youth of hegemonic ruling parties. The study engaged a diverse group of ZANU-PF youth to understand their journeys into party activism, how they negotiate the discourses and authoritarian practices promoted by ZANU-PF, and their political agency on behalf of and within the party. The article analyses the everyday ways through which youth activists take part in ZANU-PF structures and activities, noting the dimensions of class and gender. The findings demonstrate the existing ‘shades in activism’, with some youth being born into the party and others joining in search of opportunities, but this does not exclude the possibility of some wanting to promote the prosperity of others. Some self-proclaimed loyalists embrace ZANU-PF narratives, while most are highly critical of the ruling party. We argue that everyday forms of youth activism may constitute authoritarianism from below. Whether ‘at the front’ or ‘at the back’, all ZANU-PF youth contribute to the reproduction of the systems and networks of ZANU-PF, and thus authoritarian renewal, especially because the room for contestation and change from within the ruling party is limited.

Penerapan Metode Ward and Peppard dalam Analisis Infrastruktur TI pada Global Youth Action

Global Youth Action is a company engaged in youth empowerment with a focus on supporting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the collaboration of various youth movements in Indonesia and internationally. However, the company still faces challenges in terms of infrastructure and information system (IS) applications that are not fully capable of supporting business processes optimally. One of the main obstacles is the limited human resources who have expertise in managing SI and information technology (IT) effectively. In preparing the SI strategic planning framework, this research uses the Ward and Peppard approach to analyze company needs. The analysis process includes mapping the company's internal and external environment through Value Chain Analysis and SWOT Analysis, as well as grouping the application portfolio using McFarlan Strategic Grid. The results of this research recommend the development of various applications such as the Global Youth Action Website application, SAP application, customer service information system, asset information system, and executive information system. These recommendations are expected to provide strategic direction for the global youth action company, as well as improve IT HR competencies and strengthen the application portfolio to support the sustainability of business processes at Global Youth Action.

AI-POWERED MARKETING AUTOMATION FOR NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT

In the modern world, artificial intelligence is becoming a necessary technology for effective business management. It opens up many opportunities for businesses to enhance efficiency, increase competitiveness and accomplish strategic goals. The purpose of this article is to describe our experience of using AI-based tools in the organization of the work of the non-governmental organization “Dyvo”, whose activities are aimed at supporting youth and volunteer activities during martial law in Ukraine. The main tasks that were solved with the help of artificial intelligence are related to branding of the organization and interaction with the target audience. The paper describes the experience using tools such as ChatGPT, Fiverr AI Logo Maker, Telepothq, and HeyGen to create content that shapes the style of the organization and makes it recognizable and competitive in the information space. Thus, in the course of our work, the logo of the organization, the design and code of the non-governmental organization website, advertising information about the organization, and the slogan were created. Having analyzed the results obtained during the work, we can conclude that the use of tools based on artificial intelligence allows us to effectively perform organizational and production tasks without involving additional specialists, funding, and time.

Started from the bottom, now we're here – a young researcher’s perspective on the Bioeconomy Youth Vision

The future of the bioeconomy requires strong youth action and leadership as outlined in the Bioeconomy Youth Vision. A common vision is fundamental to define a path that guides various actors towards the goals set. With this comment we want to promote and support this vision by sharing our observation from a young researchers’ perspectives. We see the intersection of education, communication and research as the right place to take necessary actions for driving the transformation towards a more sustainable (bio)economy. We advocate for top-down support and bottom-up initiatives. Top-down, in the form of a policy frameworks that create enabling factors for the transition, supports communication and dissemination of bioeconomy topics and promotes youth participation. Bottom-up, such as joint university-led programs to educate young change makers.

Reduced physical activity in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Emerging research suggests that physical activity among children and adolescents decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a summarizing analysis of changes in youth’s physical activity for Europe is lacking, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to close this research gap. Amongst others, we examined the relevance of restriction stringency policies and potentially vulnerable groups. Methods In consideration of the PRISMA statement, we searched seven databases and included studies for children and adolescents (≤19 years) of the WHO European Region that compared physical activity during the pandemic with a pre-pandemic baseline using validated measurement instruments. We used the Oxford Stringency Index as an indicator of restriction stringency. Screening for eligibility, data extraction, assessment of the study risk of bias (using ROBINS-E instrument) and certainty grading of evidence (using the GRADE approach), were all done in duplicate. Data were pooled in random effects models (Trial registration: PROSPERO: CRD42023395871). Results Of 14,897 non-duplicate records, 26 publications (n = 15,038 pre-pandemic, n = 13,041 during pandemic) met our inclusion criteria. Comparison before vs during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed a significant reduction in total physical activity (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.57 [95% CI, -0.95; -0.20]) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (SMD, -0.43 [95% CI, -0.75; -0.10]), corresponding to a decrease of 12 min/day (a 20% reduction of the WHO recommendation). Subgroup analyses suggested that children aged 8-12 were particularly affected. The analyses outline a possible association between school closures and more reductions in physical activity. Conclusions A sharp decline in all forms of physical activity was recorded among European children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in middle childhood. Policy-makers, teachers and practitioners must act to reverse this decline. Key messages • Physical activity in European children &amp; adolescents decreased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. • Immediate action by policy-makers and practitioners is imperative to reverse this trend.

Reliability, reproducibility, and feasibility of youth activity profile (YAP) questionnaire in Chilean children and adolescents

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the reliability, reproducibility, and feasibility of the Youth Activity Profile Questionnaire (YAP-SL) in the Chilean version (YAP-C) in a sample of children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 160 youth, 59 children (5–11 years old), and 101 adolescents (12–17 years old) from the city of Viña del Mar (Chile). The YAP-SL is a 15-item self-report instrument which was administered twice at an interval of 7 days apart. This questionnaire was designed to capture physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour in youths in the last week, categorizing them into three domains: PA at school, PA out-of-school, and sedentary habits. Cronbach’s α coefficients were calculated to evaluate the internal consistency (reliability), and the reproducibility was determined by test-retest and Kendall’s tau b coefficients. Concerning the total YAP-C score, results indicated moderate-to-high reliability in the total sample (0.71), boys (0.76) and girls (0.66), as well as for children (0.73) and adolescents (0.70). The results also revealed variations in reliability and reproducibility across the three domains. In conclusion, the YAP-SL questionnaire presents moderate-to-high reliability in Chilean children and adolescents. However, the reliability and consistency of the YAP varied across the domains.

“You can't ignore us”: Multiliteracies and disruption in youth activism

AbstractThis article examines the activism of student protesters in a rural Rust Belt community's Black Lives Matter protest, challenging prevailing stereotypes about civic engagement, literacies, and youth involvement in rural settings. Utilizing critical ethnography and nexus analysis to examine disruptions of discourses in place and interview student participants about their activism, findings showcase how students strategically practiced multiliteracies to upturn power dynamics and assume leadership roles within a socio‐spatial landscape. Examining youth protest literacies can inform education partners of the ways students already engage in civic discourse and how understanding their co‐construction of space can inform practices across learning communities.

We are Who we Represent: A Theory of “Immersive” Representation in Student Activism

Abstract Children and young people have a right to freedom of association and to have their views given due weight when they act collectively. However, when they come together in groups to engage in collective action, in school and elsewhere, they are often criticised for not being “representative” of all/other young people. The concept, while frequently cited, remains undefined and fails to incorporate how young people understand, experience and enact representation. This article presents data from an empirical study with youth activists who established a Secondary Schools Students’ Union during the Covid-19 pandemic to lobby for change in education decision-making. The study was carried out as a collaboration between two university-based researchers and two secondary school students who were founding members of the union. Drawing on focus groups and interviews with union executive members, this article presents findings that convey young people’s navigation of adults’ perceptions of their representativeness, focusing on issues of legitimacy and efficacy. Based on this study, we propose a new youth co-authored and youth-informed theory of representation that conceptualises it as immersive and mutually symbiotic and, we suggest, enables meaningful implementation of child and youth activists’ civil and political rights.

05 The experience of youth on the waitlist for gender-affirming care in Manitoba

Abstract Background Waitlist times are often two years for youth to be seen for initial assessment for gender-affirming hormone therapy in Manitoba, Canada. It is well known that transgender youth awaiting hormone therapy have high rates of mental health challenges, including depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Accessing care that is affirming and supportive, including primary care and counselling, can also be a challenge. Objectives The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of youth and their caregivers on the waitlist for the Winnipeg, Manitoba-based Gender Diversity Affirmation and Action for Youth (GDAAY) clinic, the provincial transgender health clinic. Specifically, we were interested in what community based resources youth were accessing, mental health impacts, and suggestions for improvements. Design/Methods Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Youth aged 14-17 years on the waitlist for 12-24 months for gender-affirming hormone therapy assessment and their caregivers were recruited. Separate interviews were conducted for youth and their caregivers. All interviews were virtual, recorded, and transcribed prior to thematic analysis. Results Youth (n=8) and caregivers (n=9) described barriers to supported transition. The first theme, “In a Black Hole” describes frustration and disappointment with the lack of regular ongoing communications from GDAAY. It also extends to the mental health challenges faced by youth and caregivers alike. Anxiety and self-harm were consistently described, with caregivers volunteering more information on self-harm and suicidality than youth. Youth described dysphoria and two youth found alternative providers for hormone therapy while on the waitlist. Our second theme, “Structural Transphobia”, describes the attitudinal, technological, physical, and architectural barriers faced by the participants. For example, one caregiver described a hospital admission for suicide attempt during which the hospital bracelet displayed the wrong gender, the wrong name, contributing to frequent mis-gendering. Frustration with the inability to change the name and gender marker in provincial charting systems was similarly of concern. Our final theme, “Manitoba: An Information Desert” describes the systemic barriers faced including lack of knowledgeable providers and reliable information within the province. Youth and caregivers described concerns with identifying primary care and councilors that understood challenges specific to transgender youth. Conclusion Although delays in gender-affirming therapy were noted, youth socially transitioned and accessed existing resources. However, mental health concerns persisted and participants felt frustrated and unsupported during their extensive wait times. Improved experiences may be achieved by additional communication from the clinic, hands-on assistance with accessing relevant resources, and an improved online presence. Potential competing interests Funding was obtained by a resident research small grant from the University of Manitoba. A similar abstract was submitted to CPEG but it focuses on a new intervention of a phone call from social work when a youth is added to the waitlist.

Youth activism and (de)personalized remix on TikTok

ABSTRACT Social media has provided everyday actors with a platform to share their personal stories and ideas. This has had a profound effect on activism, as movements are increasingly built up and amplified through the circulation of participants’ individualized motivations, experiences, and sentiments. TikTok has emerged as a salient site for studying this turn: it has proven to be a highly successful tool in activist campaigns, strongly affords personalized communication, and supports a main user base of young people known for emphasizing self-expression in their online participation. Since remix is the core form of sharing on TikTok, users are encouraged to insert and articulate themselves not only in the process of content creation, but in the process of circulation as well. Here, we focus on the way remix is exploited as a mode of personalizing activist content on TikTok, particularly among young users. We do so by qualitatively coding and analyzing remixed content associated with the digital activist organization Gen-Z for Change. We find that, despite expectations based on prior research and the observed behavior of older users, young users tended to resist personalization in their remix strategies. Yet, they simultaneously managed to assert their presence in ways that are meaningful on the app. Our results elaborate on digital activist strategies and the role of platform affordances therein, and add important nuance to common conceptions of youth political participation styles.

Coordinator and Young Adult Perceptions in Attracting and Retaining Chicago Youth in Out-of-School Time Programming

Youth from families with greater economic means have seen an increase in their participation in extracurricular activities, while the participation levels of youth from working class families have decreased. Knowing the benefits to youth participation in extracurricular activities, communities where youth of marginalized backgrounds reside have an obligation to engage their youth in activities offered through school and community out-of-school time programs. Interviews and focus groups with program coordinators and young adults were conducted to identify how youth in Chicago have been attracted, engaged, recruited, and retained in out-of-school time programs. Program aspects and strategies used to connect with youth and their families emerged, some of which have been previously found in the relevant literature to be positively related to youth outcomes, and some of which are specific to youth who identify as Latine and youth who identify as male. Practical implications and suggestions for future research are further discussed.

The Student Affairs Management by Educational Institution Administrators under the Jurisdiction of the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office

Background and Aims: The objectives of this research are as follows: 1) to study and compare student affairs administration of educational institution administrators under the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office. Classified by position Education level and the size of the educational institution. 2) To compare student affairs administration among educational institution administrators under the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office. Classified by position education level and the size of the educational institution. And 3) to study guidelines for developing student affairs administration among educational institution administrators under the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office. Methodology: The sample in this research consisted of 331 school administrators and teachers. The sample size was determined according to Krejci and Morgan's table. Using the stratified random sampling method. The research tools consisted of a questionnaire with 5 rating scales and an interview form. Which has a consistency index between 0.80 - 1.00 and a confidence value for the entire questionnaire equal to 0.89. For data analysis, statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used, as t-tests and F-tests. Results: The results of the research found that: (1) the level of student affairs administration of educational institution administrators under the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office. Overall and in each aspect are at a high level. (2) Comparison of opinions regarding student affairs administration among school administrators under the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office. Classified by position Education level and the size of the educational institution It was found that overall and in each aspect there were no differences. (3) Guidelines for promoting the development of student affairs administration for educational institution administrators under the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office, consisting of 6 areas: 1) promoting guidance activities in educational institutions, 2) promotion of health, sports and recreation, 3) promotion of boy scouts, girl guides, and red cross youth activities, 4) promotion of democratic activities and student discipline, 5) promoting and developing student councils to strengthen student and youth organizations in educational institutions; and 6) promoting the protection of children's and youth's rights. Conclusion: According to the findings, Bueng Kan school administrators perform well in all aspects of student affairs administration, with no significant differences based on position, education level, or institution size. It also outlines six key strategies for improving student affairs: promoting guidance, health, and recreational activities, developing leadership skills through scouting and democratic initiatives, strengthening student councils, and protecting children's rights.

청소년의 정치참여활동이 정치효능감에 미치는 영향에서 정치의식의 매개효과

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine how youth political participation affects political efficacy at a time when institutional and non-institutional political participation activities of youth are becoming active, and to analyze whether political awareness acts as a mediating effect. Methods To this end, we conducted a self-administered online and offline survey targeting 365 youth from middle and high schools in the Daejeon area and youth active in youth training facilities, and used SPSS and Process Macro to assess political participation activities, political efficacy, and politics. The relationship between consciousness was analyzed. Results First, there was a positive (+) effect on the relationship between youth's political participation experience and political efficacy, and second, the relationship between political efficacy and political awareness was also found to have a positive (+) effect. Third, political awareness was confirmed to play a complete mediating role between youth's political participation activities and political efficacy. Conclusions Based on this study, a plan to revitalize youth political participation was proposed. First, youth institutional political participation must be expanded. Second, changes are needed in our country’s educational environment. Third, the government's active interest and generous support for youth political participation is needed.

Building Recognition, Redistribution, and Representation in Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods: Exploring the Potential of Youth Activism in Scotland

This is a time of intersecting crises for young people in Scotland. More than a decade of austerity, the Covid‐19 pandemic, cost‐of‐living crisis, climate emergency, and ongoing global conflict all threaten youth security and create barriers to economic and civic participation. Alongside this, youth non‐participation is often framed as an individualised moral problem, diverting focus away from its structural causes. Evidence on youth activism suggests that young people are seeking new, creative spaces and modes of expression to challenge stigma, express dissent, and challenge inequalities in their communities. With support from grassroots youth and community organisations, youth activists can build trust, critical thinking skills, and solidarity. However, the extent to which youth activism can succeed in challenging structural causes of inequality, especially in disadvantaged neighbourhoods, requires further scrutiny. We draw on Nancy Fraser’s theory of participatory parity to explore how redistribution, recognition, and representation play out in the lives of young people, and how grassroots youth and community organisations support their development as activists. Based on a research study on the barriers and enablers to youth activism in Scotland, we seek to understand how neighbourhood‐based efforts to challenge stigma and economic inequality build dignity and hope, how relationship‐building between young people and the adults in their communities can support status recognition, and how these both contribute to emergent youth political representation.

Activism as education in and through the youth climate justice movement

AbstractYoung people worldwide are increasingly participating in a global movement for climate justice, yet to date, little research has examined how youth climate justice activists conceive of and experience activism as education. The present study used in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with 16 US climate justice activists (aged 15–17) to address the research question: How do youth climate justice activists explain and experience the educative power of their activism? The results of reflective thematic analysis bring to light youths' dual roles as ‘learners of the movement’ and ‘climate justice educators’. As learners, youth described gaining awareness of climate justice directly from the movement, as well as learning a variety of skills (e.g., organising, communication, conflict resolution) through their activist engagement. Simultaneously, youth described their role as educators through a range of activities intended to raise awareness among adult and youth audiences, including educational workshops and trainings, school visits, teach‐ins, curriculum development, talk shows and interviews, creating digital resources, social media outreach and public protest (e.g., strikes, marches and demonstrations). Beyond spreading knowledge of climate in/justice, youth activists were also educators of action and social change processes—noting that learning about governmental institutions and political processes enabled them to exercise their democratic citizenship and equip and embolden other young people to do the same (e.g., via political advocacy trainings). The findings of the present study have implications for creating climate justice curricula that not only attend to the scientific and technological dimensions of the climate crisis, but also enable learners' justice‐driven action and democratic participation.