Activities Of Political Parties Research Articles

PECULIARITIES OF FUNCTIONING OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS UNDER MARTIAL LAW

The formation of mechanisms in the field of national security of Ukraine is carried out through the activities of political parties and public organizations under martial law. Most of the mentioned institutions operate within the legislation of Ukraine. However, there are those that participate in anti-constitutional activities and are considered to be pro-Russian and have anti-Ukrainian propaganda. It has been mentioned that for the last 15-20 years, non-governmental pro-Russian organizations have become widespread in Ukraine. They are argued to be the aggregation of public opinion and they contribute to the sentiment formation in the civil society. However, most of them have become centers of state structures influence in their countries, in particular in russian federation. The latter has organized huge information operations to “prepare” a Ukrainian society for the so-called “Crimean scenario” occupation. Considering the state security threat to Ukraine from the prior political parties and public organizations, legal protection has to come into force contingent upon violation of laws of these institutions. An alert concerning unlawful activities prevention and a ban on any political party are discussed. The list of grounds for civil rights limitations to unite in political parties has been studied. Summarizing all the above, political parties and public organizations play a diametrically opposed role in the society. On the one hand, the activity of these institutions has to be supported; on the other hand, the actions of these organizations need to be controled by the state. Key words: political parties, public organizations, public authorities of Ukraine, state security, civil society, destructive influence.

Leaders and Wingmen: Youth Policy in the Views of its Participants - an Evidence from Krasnodar Territory

The article presents the results of a study of young people’s perceptions of regional youth policy. The authors use the theoretical model of the subjective space of politics to analyze empirical data reflecting the state of the subjective space of sectoral policy - the state youth policy of the Krasnodar Krai. The main motives of youth activity in regional youth policy are determined based on the data from a mass survey of young people, focus group interviews and a series of expert sessions with representatives of authorities and other entities implementing state youth policy. The article reveals the constructive and negative potential of young people’s social activity, as well as identifies the main social profiles of young people and describes their content parameters. The authors conclude that young people are involved in interactions with the authorities to solve their own problems or the problems of other people. They show that social projects, territorial development projects, the activities of political parties and local self-government have the biggest potential for involving young people in social activity. They also note the existing potential of young people’s participation in protests. The authors describe the profiles of young people according to two parameters: according to the severity of social orientation young people are divided into consumers (orientation towards themselves, solving their own problems) and transformers (orientation towards solving other people’s problems); and according to the degree of leadership positions and social activity they are characterized as leaders and followers.

Russian Parliamentary Parties Activities in Fundraising: Current State, Problems and Prospects

The paper deals with the problem of fundraising as the activity of political parties represented in the federal parliament. The research gave a definition of fundraising, revealed its normative legal basis, indicated the circle of persons who would not be able its subjects. Also, it fixed the principles of sanctioning legislative restrictions. The problems of fundraising development in the Russian political environment are the dominance of local campaigns to collect donations as a sponsorship and the low level of motivation of some parliamentary political parties to conduct fundraising campaigns because of their strong dependence on state funding. In conclusion, the author drew findings about the prospects for the development of fundraising in the activities of the Duma parties.

Activities of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine under martial law: shortcomings and areas for improvement

The article shows the essence of the concept of “martial law”, the grounds on which it is introduced in various countries, including Ukraine. The role of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in the imposition of martial law in Ukraine is outlined. The legal acts adopted by the parliament during martial law are analyzed. It was found that the People’s Deputies of Ukraine in the martial law of 2022 paid considerable attention to the formation of domestic and foreign policies of the state, the new content of which was by reason of the military aggression of the Russian Federation. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine has adopted important political documents, such as appeals to the world community, which deal with war crimes of the Russian Federation and the genocide of the Ukrainian people. In addition, a number of amendments to laws have been adopted. Among them: added grounds for restricting the formation and activity of political parties; the rules of procedure in cases on administrative lawsuits banning a political party have been determined. The author emphasizes that some issues should have been resolved much earlier. For example, scholars have repeatedly pointed to the statements and actions of some public figures and representatives of political parties that posed a threat to the foundations of Ukraine’s national security. Public authorities, which had to respond to such warnings and take appropriate decisions, including suspending the state registration of such organizations, justified their inaction by the lack of an appropriate prosecution mechanism. The article noted that timely response to the problems could protect the country from many bad events and facilitate increase the level of national security and defense. Analysis of the role of parliament in the imposition of martial law and its activities in these conditions proved: there is a difference between the rules approved by law and the rules that are actually applied in practice (imaginary constitutionalism); procedures provided for the adoption of laws are violated (political instrumentalization of law); socio-political problems are partially regulated (politicization of law-making); changes in laws are often made, which indicates their low quality (inflation of law). The article recommends that People’s Deputies of Ukraine strictly adhere to the procedures provided by law and pay more attention to the mechanisms of implementation of legal norms, as their absence leads to the impossibility of implementing legal acts and, consequently, to reducing the role of law in society. Key words: parliament, martial law, imaginary constitutionalism, political instrumentalization of law, politicization of law-making, inflation of law

The Level of Political Party Activity: Study of the Elections of Presidents in Cities with Poviat Rights of the Silesian Voivodeship in 2002-2018

Since 2002 in Poland voters in the local government elections can directly elect the head of the rural municipality, mayor and city president. Local elections, in Polish conditions, are treated as an arena favourable for local committees, often non-party. However, it should be noted that many analyses show that the higher the level of self-government, the more important the committees of political parties are. The increase in the participation of political parties in the election competition is also noticeable in medium and large cities. The author decided to check whether the cities with poviat status of the Silesian Voivodeship favour party committees or rather a committee unrelated to any political parties. For this purpose, the participation and effectiveness of these committees in local elections of cities presidents with poviat rights of the Silesian Voivodeship in 2002-2018 was analysed. The study confirmed that the level of politicization in elections is increasing, however, the effectiveness of party committees in the election of city presidents is lower than the effectiveness of local committees. In addition, political parties are more active and influential in larger cities.

233.11: Attitudes and Behaviors Towards Ethical Dilemmas in Organ Transplantation and Organ Donation

Introduction: Despite the increasing number of transplantable organs and tissues and advances in transplantation, there is a serious shortage of organ donors. Traditions, perceptions, attitudes, habits, value judgments and belief systems related to ethical dilemmas play an active role, in shortage of organ donors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the attitudes and behaviors related to these ethical dilemmas. Method: In the cross-sectional survey study, 563 people (278 male, 285 female) evaluated 10 questions about 10 ethical aspects of organ transplantation. Participants are those working in the field of law (n=30), education (n=36), health (n=124), social services (n=50), communication (n=37), members of non-governmental organizations (n=37), people who have received Islamic education (n=23), the public (young, adult, old, n=156), individuals from different religions (n=523 Islamic, n=40 other religions) and belief groups, and people with disabilities (n=30). The ethical dimensions addressed in questions are as follows; Ethical issues in animal tissue and organ transplantation, the ethical dimension of the effect of religious belief in organ transplantation, the ethical dimension of organ transplantation within the framework of human rights, ethical problems arising from the patient-physician relationship in organ transplantation, social risk sharing and ethical dimensions in organ transplantation, the effect of organ transplantation and the role of the media in ethics, ethical problems arising from lack of informed consent in organ transplantation, ethical dilemmas in organ and tissue distribution, ethical problems in artificial tissue and organ transplantation. Results: The mean age of participants is 36.6 ±13.9.The education level of 63.4% is at the undergraduate level. 95.7% of the participants accept organ donation from another religion. 74% accept tissue and organ transplantation from animals. 21% of the participants do not want to donate their organs in line with their religious beliefs in order to preserve their body integrity after death. 59% stated that they may be affected by the activities of political parties for organ donation. The rate of those who think that the demographic characteristics of the people waiting on the organ list should be taken into consideration is 21%. The percentage of those who stated that they would accept to receive an organ from the organ mafia if they were left in a desperate situation is 27%, and the percentage of those who are undecided is 20%. 53% of them stated that they would be highly impressed by their doctor about organ donation. Disabled participants were the most affected by their physicians’ views on organ transplantation. Cadavers were the most requested donor group if they had the right to select from the organ donor list. Conclusion: In ethical terms, it has been determined that there are important dilemmas regarding organ transplantation in the value judgments of individuals.

TRANSFORMATION OF BRITISH POLITICAL PARTIES AFTER LEAVING THE EUROPEAN UNION: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS

The main tendencies and prospects of transformation of British political parties after the state’s withdrawal from the European Union are studied. It is noted that in recent years the British political system has been developing and transforming under the direct influence of public debate on the expediency or inexpediency of the state’s stay in the European Union, which resulted in a referendum on leaving the EU and further implementing it at the organizational and institutional level. It is proved that the transformation of the party system can be both progressive and regressive, depending on the nature of external and internal changes that occur under the influence of a holistic set of socio-political factors. It is noted that the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of any party system as an object of transformational change, it seems appropriate to include the following: the model of the party system; the number of political parties that actually claim to participate in the formation and implementation of the political course of the state; legal (formal) institutionalization of political parties; party ideologies, programs, election platforms; public opinion on the evaluation of the activities of both individual political parties and the party system as a whole; results of political elections; the level of defragmentation and regionalization of the party system. The leading role of the Conservative Party in the process of preparing, conducting and implementing the results of the referendum on the expediency of Britain’s stay in the EU, which corresponds to the traditional conservative ideology of protectionism and the decisive role of the sovereign nation in political and economic processes. It is concluded that the British vector of integration as a principled position of the Conservative Party, which is perceived as an alternative to the idea of European integration in the sense of creating common European institutions, whose activities are largely based on supranational sources of law. It has been shown that the traditional left-wing and center-left electorate of the Labor Party has been partially overthrown by populist parties with essentially socialist socio-economic slogans, such as Reform UK. It is assumed that in the charismatic and personal conditionality of modern world politics, the current electoral situation may be somewhat changed by the emergence of a strong, bright and at the same time moderate in political and socio-economic views leader, which is an important factor in election technology.

The Historical Policy of the Russian Communists at the Present Stage.

Unified assessments of the past for mass political movements representing the extreme flanks of the political spectrum have become an integral part of party identity in modern society. The activity of political parties can have a significant impact on the memory of society, change collective memories of individual events and even entire historical periods. The author of the article analyzes the attitude of modern Russian communists to the key events of history, identifies the features of their party historical policy, compares approaches with other political parties and narratives of the Soviet era. The main sources were official documents of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the party "Communists of Russia", as well as speeches, interviews and publications of their leaders. The Communist parties turn mainly to the history of Russia, starting with the revolutionary events of 1917. Although Communists actively use formulations from Soviet narratives, their own attitude has been formed to a number of events and processes. The most important differences are related to the assessment of the February Revolution and its results, the perception of the policy of I. V. Stalin. Many historical events (de-Stalinization, the collapse of the USSR) of the party are explained by the presence of international conspiracies, not internal processes. The "Communists of Russia" and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation use their ideas about the past in different ways: the former actively propagandize them during election campaigns and build their election programs on them, the latter weakly use historical politics during electoral battles, making the programs as neutral as possible, but during the inter-election period they actively promote their vision of the past.

Multiparty Activism in Uganda: The Experience of National Resistance Movement and National Unity Platform

Different involvement motivations drive people into political actions. This study aimed to understand what, how, and why party members were motivated into political party activism. The focus was on the involvement motivations of the members of the new political party named National Unity Platform (NUP) and the incumbent ruling National Resistance (NRM) party. The study used a qualitative literature research strategy where qualitative secondary and primary data were collected. The secondary data involved a review of several relevant peer-reviewed journal articles, chapters in books, newspaper reports, and other documents reflecting the concept of party activism. We collected field data from twenty-four respondents using in-depth interviews. The field notes were transcribed and thematically analyzed using content analysis methods. The purposive sampling technique was used to select eighteen respondents and six respondents were identified and selected using the snowball sampling technique. The study found that party activism emerged out of various incentives, such as political events, slogans, ideology, political rivalry, and family exposure was important in the construction of civic competence. These findings suggest that political parties should involve and expose their members to different political experiences. Based on the analysis of these findings, the study concluded that many factors serve as incentives for political party activism.

The influence of political processes on state-building in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of political processes on Ukrainian state formation. State formation is a complex process that takes place in the political space and is an important component of political development in the modern world. The process of state formation determines the existence of the state, which has the status of the main link in the political system of society and the main political institution; the effectiveness of the state-building process cannot be imagined outside of political space, time and development. It is determined that the political process should be understood as a form of functioning of the political system of society, which characterizes its changes in space and time; sequence of political events; a set of policy actors that ensures the functioning and development of the political system. It has been proven that the political process is a complex dynamic system that includes certain components and levels, in particular, national, regional, local and micro level. In Ukraine, the process of forming a political system began with the declaration of independence. Democracy is a vector of development of Ukrainian society and the direction of the domestic political process. It is determined that the factor of state formation is the constant monitoring of the political process, taking into account the activities of political parties. The main tasks of state formation in Ukraine are to build its own sovereign state, improve interethnic relations, establish strong ties with other countries, strengthen the national economy and the domestic army.

The role of populist parties in spreading Euroscepticism

The aim of the paper was to analyse the current level of Euroscepticism in the European Union, to identify the current challenges populist parties face in the Euroscepticism realities and promotion. The main method of research was the observation method, which, together with the comparative method, revealed the selected issues of the paper. The conducted research has shown that the rise of populist parties primarily reflects a response to a wide range of rapid cultural changes undermining the core values and practices of Western societies. At the same time, the pandemic and changes in public consciousness have led to a decline in the activity of political parties and the introduction of Eurosceptic ideas per se. As part of the research, we have argued that the deepening of European integration is not perceived positively by member states as well, given the unnatural order of legal relations in the union. The findings will also require comparison with the results of the forthcoming EU elections, which has been identified as a roadmap for further author's research.

The Ittifaq-el-Muslimin Party in the Russian Political System of the Early twentieth Century: Religious Aspects of Tatar Liberalism

The subject of this article is the activity of the political party "Ittifaq-el-Muslimin" - a Muslim liberal party, the majority of whose members consisted of representatives of the Tatar population of Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century. Tatar liberalism, in whose ideology the question of religion occupied one of their main places, was formed in 1905 - 1906. Its formation is connected with the holding of illegal All-Russian Muslim congresses. Sadri Maksudi, Yusuf Akchura, Gayah Ishaki and M. Bigi were at the origins of this congress. The Ittifaq-el-Muslimin party was formed at the III illegal All-Russian Muslim Congress on the basis of the previously formed All-Russian Muslim Union. This article is devoted to the activities of the Muslim Liberal Party and the consideration of the role of state-confessional relation. The main contribution of the author to the study lies in the revealing of the history and the role of the religio in the ideology and activities of national-religious liberal political parties in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century on the example of the Ittifaq-el-Muslimin party. In addition, the activity of the party is considered in the context of the all-Russian party system of 1905 - 1917. As a result of the research, the author came to the following conclusions. Despite the official legal consolidation of the concept of freedom of conscience, the Orthodox Church continued to maintain its dominant position. At the same time, representatives of other faiths (in particular, Old Believers and Muslims) were granted the right to freely preach their own religious beliefs, create public associations, freely carry out educational activities, and take part in the political life of Russia. The transformation of state-confessional relations is considered on the example of the formation of the Muslim liberal Party and its activities in the system of political relations of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Democratic librarianship in the Nordic model

The purpose of this research is to examine the evolving democratic librarianship and its robust connection to the Nordic societal model. Through an analysis of libraries in Oslo, Tromsø, Stockholm, Aarhus and Helsinki, as well as recent changes in library laws, we have analysed contemporary democratic librarianship in the Nordic countries through four essential factors: (1) citizens in democratic activities within libraries, (2) library managerial decisions, (3) activities of political parties within public libraries and (4) library laws. Through the analysis, we show that this robust and unique ecosystem is supported by (1) discussions at book clubs and shared readings events connected to common societal concerns, (2) criteria of library directors and managers, such as neutrality, freedom of speech and clauses of the Library Act, (3) perception of politicians regarding public libraries as the centre of the democratic community and (4) the Library Acts critically impacting democratic librarianship.

«Экологическая повестка» в новейшей политической истории Республики Северная Македония (1990-е – 2020-е гг.)

The place of the environmental agenda in the general logic of the political process of the Republic of North Macedonia is analyzed. The genesis of the environmental agenda in Macedonian politics, its development in the public rhetoric of the establishment and the activities of political parties are revealed. The influence of political conjuncture, disposition and arrangement of po-litical subjects on the relevance of the environmental factor in Macedonian politics and socio-political processes is shown. The algorithm of the impact of the environmental agenda on the change of power in the country is demonstrated. The procedures for the pressure of opposition forces on the state at different stages of the country’s recent political history are detailed. Specific scenarios of transformation of the environmental agenda into a political one are described. A detailed description of the emergence and activity of environmental movements and parties, as well as electoral declarations of leading political parties on environmental issues are given. An explanatory model of the influence of the environmental agenda on the pendulum nature of the change of power in the country is created. A forecast is made for the prospect of preserving the environmental agenda in political and social discourse. The factor of international influence on the activation of the environmental factor in Macedonian political life is established. It is understood which political forces of Northern Macedonia and beyond benefit from maintaining the presence of the environmental theme in the political space.

Review of M. Kakitelashvili's monograph "Activity of political parties in the CIS member states"

Review of M. Kakitelashvili's monograph "Activity of political parties in the CIS member states"

Кадровий потенціал представницьких органів місцевого самоврядування об’єднаних територіальних громад Одеської області в новій системі адміністративно-територіального устрою

The article is devoted to the analysis of the deputy corps of the united territorial communities of the Odesa region of the VIII convocation, which were formed in the new system of administrative and territorial organization. Also, article is determinated of the prospects for the exercise of powers by the deputies of the local council in connection with the suspension of the activities of certain political parties. The author based his research on the analysis of the structure of the deputy corps according to political and gender characteristics and the provision of deputy activity through the work of deputy permanent commissions, factions and groups of representative bodies of local self-government at the basic level of the Odesa region, using the example of three different levels of local councils of the VIII convocation – Artsyz municipal the united territorial community of Bolhrad district, the Shabo village united territorial community of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi district and the Tairovo village united territorial community of Odesa district, which are newly created administrative units.It was established that as a result of the 2020 local elections, representatives of the following political forces received the largest representation in the deputies’ corps in the Artsyz Municipal Council, the Shabo Village Council and the Tairovo Settlement Council by political affiliation: "For the Future", "Opposition Platform ‒ For Life", "Batkivshchyna". Also, the same political forces in the respective councils ensured the largest representation of women among council deputies out of their total number. The analysis of the permanent commissions of the three councils mentioned above showed that they have the same number of them and are represented by the same number of deputies, namely 5 deputies each. It is noted that in the permanent commissions, deputies from the political forces represented in the councils are not always distributed proportionally, as far as possible, which can disturb the balance and realization of their party interests and the interests of the voters of the united territorial communities. It was determined that 2 deputy factions of political parties "For the Future" and "Opposition Platform – For Life" were created in the Artsyz Municipal Council; 3 deputy factions were created in the Shabo village council of political parties "Sluha narodu", "For the future" and "Trust the works"; no parliamentary factions have yet been created in the Tairovo village council, which does not violate the provisions of normative acts. It is emphasized that candidates from the three above-mentioned parliamentary parties received the greatest representation in these councils. At the same time, the political parties "Opposition Platform ‒ For Life" and "For the Future", as well as a number of others, are recognized as pro-Russian in the normative and procedural order, and their activities are prohibited on the territory of Ukraine. In connection with this the question of the authority of the deputy of the local of the council, if he was elected from a political party whose activity is prohibited, and the parliamentary faction formed by it in the local council remains open and requires a separate normative and legal regulation.

Оценка места и роли студенческого движения в процессах преобразования социально-политического строя России начала ХХ в. (по материалам журнала «Освобождение»)

The issue of involving young people in political movement in the process of purposeful activities of political parties remains one of the understudied problems in the history of Russian liberalism and its political and legal thought up to the present. The article analyzes domestic liberal theorists’ search for an answer to the question concerning reasons for the politicization of the youth, primarily the student movement in Russia, which was partially reflected in the publications of the journal Osvobozhdenie [Liberation]. It is noted that two groups of factors are distinguished, those of general nature associated with the shortcomings of the social system as a whole and more specific factors related to the concrete youth policy of the state. The authors pay attention to how the liberals who wrote to the journal determined the place of the youth movement in the process of social transformation. Identification of their positions appears important and necessary in order to answer the question, which the liberal parties and party leaders faced in full growth during the period of the revolution, whether it was possible and reasonable to involve young people in revolutionary processes and in socio-political activities of party organizations. For the liberals, this issue was important due to the significant reflection of the Russian intelligentsia in relation to young people, their youthful radicalism. The article is based on the materials of the pre-parliamentary period in the history of Russian liberalism and covers the years from 1902 to 1905.

THE FIRST WORLD WAR IN THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF UKRAINE AND POLAND: CHANGING APPROACHES AND DISCOURSE

The purpose of this study is to analyze the research on the First World War, specifically focusing on changing topics and new discourses, clarifying the place and role of the Great War in the historical memory of Ukrainian and Polish peoples over the centuries and analyzing the means of its actualization and memorialization. The research methodology is based on comparative studies aiming to shed light on convergence and divergence in the historical memory of the First World War in Ukraine and Poland over the past hundred years. The historical-analytical method is employed to characterize the Ukrainian and Polish historiography on the Great War and analyze the information space to identify current trends in representing war events, new discourses, and commemorative practices. The scientific novelty. The study highlights new approaches to the study of the First World War by historians and demonstrates the growth of its role and importance in the historical memory of Ukraine and Poland in the first decades of the XXI century. Conclusions. The First World War, though being an epoch-making event in the history of mankind for decades, was considered a "forgotten" war and received little attention in the historical research of Ukrainian and Polish scholars. In Soviet historiography, it was positioned as the war of the imperialists and did not arouse much interest. Polish historians mainly focused on studying the solution to the Polish issue during the war, the activities of Polish socialist political parties, and the revival of Polish statehood. Only in the late 90's of the twentieth century, a number of studies on the Great War appeared in Poland and Ukraine, with topics of research and discourses revealing such global phenomena as refugees, showing economic, social, and cultural aspects of the war, clarifying the personal, emotional, and psychological level of its perception by the population of warring countries. On the 100th anniversary of the beginning and end of the Great War, the popularization of knowledge about the war was intensified through the creation of special programs, documentaries and feature films, a series of interviews, TV and radio programs with famous historians discussing the main events and consequences of the war, reflecting on its lessons and prevention of future military conflicts. In Poland, the jubilee anniversaries of the war facilitated the resumption of activities to perpetuate the memory of the war participants through the installation of monuments, memorials, and the creation of museum exhibits.

SIYOSIY PARTIYANING HUQUQIY MOHIYATI VA UNING NAZARIY-HUQUQIY TAHLILI

In order to develop the activities of political parties in our country and strengthen their role in the life of the state and society, every change in our legislation is aimed at ensuring that political parties play an important role in public life and operate freely. The Strategy of Actions for the Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan identifies the development of the political system, strengthening the role of political parties in the life of the state and society as a priority and the introduction of more modern mechanisms in this direction. The article deals with the concept, legal essence and theoretical-legal analysis of a political party, mainly through the comparative analysis of national and foreign legislation and scientific research in this area. In particular, the legislative acts of a number of foreign countries, such as the Federal Republic of Germany, the Russian Federation, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Macedonia, Ukraine, were studied and compared with national legislation. In our research work, practical suggestions and scientific conclusions on the concept, legal essence and theoretical analysis of a political party were given.

Features of Manifestations of Populism in Eastern Europe

The article examines the features of manifestations of populism in Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Ukraine. The origins of right and left populism in these countries are investigated. The activities of populist leaders and political parties, their influence on the political development of each country are analyzed. It is shown that the triumph of populism in most countries is associated with the crisis of traditional politics and the disappointment of citizens in the systemic political forces. The author substantiates the conclusion that the formation of a developed political culture of an activist type can become effective in countering the spread of populism.