Activity Of Peripheral Blood Neutrophils Research Articles

Germanium citrate improves ovarian granulosa cells viability and antioxidant defense system in aging female mice during endotoxemia

The study aimed to investigate the vitality of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), metabolic activity of neutrophils, as well as the antioxidant system state in aging female mice subjected to experimental endotoxemia, as well as the influence of germanium (Ge) citrate on the studied parameters under these conditions. Treatment with Gramm-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide caused pathological changes in mouse ovaries: a decrease in GCs viability by increasing necrosis, an enhancement of metabolic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils, an increase in lipid peroxidaxion products and a violation of the antioxidant defense system (as evidenced by an elevation of the content of reactive products of 2-thiobarbituric acid and a reduction of reduced glutathione in liver homogenate, as well as a decrease in the concentration of ceruloplasmin in blood serum of aging female mice). Pretreatment of mice with Ge citrate was effective to reduce GCs death and improve their viability, decrease the degree of disruption of the redox balance and weaken the activity of cells of non-specific immune protection in aging endotoxemic animals. Our results suggest that Ge citrate may offer promising therapeutic benefits. Its cytoprotective effects and regulatory role in the antioxidant defense system, combined with its potential to reduce the intensity of gram-negative bacterial toxins induced inflammation, imply its usefulness. This multifaceted action may help prevent ovarian cell aging and, consequently, improve reproductive function.

Systemic neutrophil degranulation and emergency granulopoiesis in patients with Clostridioides difficile infection

ObjectivesClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is characterized by neutrophilia in blood, with a high leukocyte count accompanying severe infection. In this study, we characterized peripheral blood neutrophil activation and maturity in CDI by (i) developing a method to phenotype stored neutrophils for disease-related developmental alterations and (ii) assessing neutrophil-associated biomarkers. MethodsWe stored fixed leukocytes from blood collected within 24 h of diagnosis from a cohort of hospitalized patients with acute CDI. Additional study cohorts included recurrent CDI patients at time of and two months after FMT therapy and a control healthy cohort. We assessed levels of neutrophil surface markers CD66b, CD11b, CD16 and CD10 by flow cytometry. Plasma neutrophil elastase and lipocalin-2 were measured using ELISA, while G-CSF, GM-CSF and cytokines were measured using O-link Proteomic technology. ResultsCD66b+ neutrophil abundance assessed by flow cytometry correlated well with complete blood counts, establishing that neutrophils in stored blood are sufficiently well-preserved for phenotyping by flow cytometry. Neutrophil abundance was significantly increased in CDI patients compared to healthy controls. Emergency granulopoiesis in acute CDI patients was evidenced by lower neutrophil surface expression of CD10, CD11b and CD16. CD10+ staining of neutrophils started to recover within 3–7 days of CDI treatment. Neutrophil activation and degranulation were higher in acute CDI as assessed by plasma neutrophil elastase and lipocalin-2. Biomarker levels in immunocompetent subjects were associated with recurrence and fatal outcomes. ConclusionsNeutrophil activation and emergency granulopoiesis characterize the early immune response in acute CDI, with plasma degranulation biomarkers predictive of disease severity.

Study of the effect of a drug from the macromycetes Ganoderma lucidum on the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with year-round allergic rhinitis

Modern complex therapy of patients with persistent (year-round, chronic) allergic rhinitis (AR), based on the use of antihistamines and intranasal glucocorticosteroids, in many cases is not effective enough, since drug therapy acts only on individual links in the pathogenesis, without preventing the progression of the allergic disease. At the same time, the quantitative and reserve capabilities of neutrophil granulocytes are depleted, which increases the level of antigenic load in patients with AR. The aim of this study is to investigate the phagocytic activity of neutrophils in patients with AR who received basic therapy and patients who received basic therapy and a course of the drug from the macromycetes Ganoderma lucidum "Astmagan". We examined 40 patients of both sexes with AR, the duration of the disease ranged from 6 months to 2 years. Patients were divided into 2 equal groups: The 1st group consisted of patients who received basic therapy (oral Loratadine and intranasal Nasonex). The 2nd group consisted of patients who received basic therapy and a course of "Astmagan". The treatment course lasted 90 days. The control group consisted of 25 healthy individuals. After the treatment, patients in both groups showed a statistically significant positive dynamics of phagocytic system activity: in group 1, the phagocytic index (FI) increased by 30 % (p=0.001), in the second group this indicator reached the normal level. Also, in patients of group 1, the phagocytic number (PN) increased by 35 % (p=0.0001), but did not reach the normal level.
 According to the results of comparative evaluation, a greater efficacy of the treatment complex with the additional use of "Astmagan" was established, which is manifested in the restoration of phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils, the effect persists for 6 months after treatment.

Immunomodulatory and antibacterial effect of red wine concentrate rich in a natural complex of polyphenols under diabetes mellitus

Changes in immunocompetent cells influence the course of diabetes mellitus and contribute to its complications. Thus, correction of diabetes-induced immune system disorders is vital for normalizing the state of the organism. Red wine polyphenols due to their biological activities could be considered a potential remedy for correcting diabetes. The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential and the influence of red wine polyphenols on immune system in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. We studied immunological parameters, i.e. quantity of white blood cells in peripheral blood and peritoneal macrophages, the bactericidal activity of phagocytes of blood, the activity of myeloperoxidase, and the level of cationic proteins in these cells after the administration of the polyphenol-rich red wine concentrate (PC concentrate) of known composition, obtained from Ukrainian wine, for 14th day to rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the PC concentrate was determined with the Broth Microdilution method. The PC concentrate normalized the quantity and functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages, and decreased the quantity of lymphocytes under diabetes, as well as possessed the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Our results indicate the significant biological potential of the PC concentrate and its therapeutic relevance to correct diabetes-induced disorders.

Assessment of the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils and the production of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in doctors

The article presents the results of a study of phagocytosis parameters and levels of antibodies to SARS‑CoV‑2 in the blood of 26 doctors: 14 pediatricians and 12 residents of the clinical laboratory diagnostics. The data obtained revealed a reduced number of eosinophils and lymphocytes in the blood and higher values of phagocytic activity and levels of antibodies to SARS‑CoV‑2 in the pediatricians compared to the residents, which indicates a decrease in the reactivity of their body and a greater tension of natural protection factors. No significant correlation between antibody levels and phagocytosis parameters was found, which may indicate their autonomous response to a viral infection.

Immunopharmacological aspects of studying immunotropic properties of a novel biocompound

The article presents an experimental study of immunotropic activity of a new compound, a metabiotic, based on metabolites (biologically active substances) produced by a of saprophytic Bacillus subtilis B-9909 strain, being safe for health and standardized at Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (RNCIM). The aim of our study was to experimentally evaluate the immunotropic effects of metabolites produced by the probiotic Bacillus subtilis B-9909 upon the parameters of cellular immunity tested in the animal model of induced toxic liver damage. The metabolites were isolated from the cultural liquid of Bacillus subtilis culture (RNCIM strain B-9909) during its deep cultivation in a medium containing hydrochloric acid hydrolyzate of soy flour, or pancreatic hydrolyzate of casein. At 16-18 hours of cultivation, the cells were in the exponential growth phase. The indices of cellular status were studied in experimental groups of animals, when assessing therapeutic efficacy of an experimental metabiotic sample, as compared to a group of laboratory animals treated with the reference drug (ursosan). We assessed the quantitative indicators of blood as follows: determination of phagocytic activity (FA) of peripheral blood neutrophils; measurement of metabolic activity in peripheral blood neutrophils by means of NBT-test; quantitative determination of T and B lymphocytes; the number of antibody-forming cells (AFC). Liver damage was studied in a model of acute toxic hepatitis in albino rats. Experimental toxic hepatitis was induced by 40% solution of CCl4 in vaseline oil injected intragastrically for 2 weeks at the dose of 0.2 g/kg. The results of experimental studies showed activation of phagocytic activity by peripheral blood neutrophils at the early terms of experiment, being also confirmed by the results of NBT-testing. Moreover, at the early observation terms, a significantly increased representation of T and B lymphocyte populations as well as AFC numbers, were revealed thus suggesting activation of all components of cellular immunity in response to the carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Thus, the reported studies on the cellular status of laboratory animals treated with metabolites produced by probiotic microorganisms of the genus Bacillus subtilis (B-9909) on laboratory animals with toxic liver damage allow us to conclude that the test sample of this metabiotic preparation exerts a significant immunomodulatory effect, when compared with ursosan. This evidence allows us to consider this compound a promising candidate drug for a new hepatoprotector with immunotropic effect.

The effect of acute phase proteins on the activity of peripheral blood neutrophils

Neutrophils are the leading cells of the innate immune system and the main population of leukocytes responsible for the primary reaction of the organism to various infectious agents. The latter are destroyed by neutrophils during the processes of phagocytosis and a cascade of reactions, including the respiratory burst. As a result of the respiratory burst, neutrophils produce reactive oxygen and halogen species, which are powerful cytotoxic agents which destroy foreign particles in the phagolysosome. All of these processes require strict regulation, since excessive activation of neutrophils may lead to higher production of reactive oxygen species thereby causing tissue damage in the focus of inflammation. Acute phase proteins may play a role as regulators of inflammatory processes. Our previous works have shown that ceruloplasmin is involved in the inhibition of the respiratory burst of neutrophils in whole blood samples. Fibrinogen, on the contrary, increased the intensity of respiratory burst. A detailed characterization of the effects acute phase proteins exert on peripheral blood neutrophils’ functions has been studied not for all acute phase proteins and especially their combinations. In this paper, for the first time, the flow cytometer and registration of reactive oxygen species production in peripheral blood cells have been used to study the effects of several acute phase reactants (C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and fibrinogen) on the ability of peripheral blood neutrophils to activate respiratory burst. The results showed that significant changes in the capacity of reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils were seen for a set of combinations of the studied acute phase proteins. The study of the interaction of ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen with peripheral blood neutrophils revealed that they were localized to the membrane. It seems promising to identify receptors for acute phase proteins at the neutrophil membrane.

The Effect of Acute Phase Inflammatory Proteins on the Activity of Peripheral Blood Neutrophils

The Effect of Acute Phase Inflammatory Proteins on the Activity of Peripheral Blood Neutrophils

Possibility of modification of peripheral blood neutrophils functional activity during chemoradiotherapy in patients with anorectal cancer

Background. Ionizing radiation is an effective antitumor therapy, but it has a serious negative effect on the immune system requiring the use of radiation reaction prevention and reduction methods. Neutrophils are a sensitive element of the immune system both in interaction with tumor tissue and in response to radiation injury.Aim. To evaluate functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils by chemiluminescent analysis in patients with anorectal cancer after radiotherapy.Materials and methods. The study included 80 patients with anorectal cancer. Patients received chemo- and radio-therapy with 3D conformal radiotherapy and radiation therapy under visual control, followed by the use of radioprotector and without it. Neutrophil activity determined by chemiluminescent analysis.Results. In patients with anorectal cancer found maximum spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence acceleration. The chemiluminescence activation index with luminol is lower in patients with anorectal cancer, and with lucigenin shows no differences with the control group. The low luminol chemiluminescence maximum intensity, as well as the decrease in the synthesis of reactive secondary oxygen species in enzymatic systems, is likely regulatory intracellular limitations consequence. After treatment, patients with radioprotector showed a decrease in the number of parameters with statistically significant differences with the control group. Undesirable phenomena associated with sodium deoxyribonucleate therapy not detected in anorectal cancer patients during radiotherapy and subsequent observation period.Conclusion. During treatment, differences in chemiluminescence parameters suggest that ionizing radiation affects them in patients with anorectal cancer receiving standard chemoradiotherapy. Use of chemoradiotherapy with a radioprotector leads to indirect restoration of cellular functional activity. This is confirmed by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence faster reaching its maximum and a decrease in the number of significant differences from the control group after the start of the drug treatment.

Оценка иммунотропной активности нейропептидного соединения Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro в условиях «социального» стресса

Objective: to investigate immunotropic activity of the argenine-containing neuropeptide compound Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro in conditions of "social" stress. Material and methods. The study was conducted on mongrel male rats of 6 months of age using a model of "social" stress based on the provision of permanent residence of animals in conditions of sensory contact, as a result of which submissive and aggressive types of behavior were formed. All animals were divided into groups: control I - rats who were in a cage one at a time and received water for injection in an equivalent volume; control II - groups of stressed animals with aggressive and submissive types of behavior; three groups of stressed rats were intraperitoneally injected with Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro at a dose of 100 mcg/kg/day and the comparison drug Imunofan (Arginyl-alpha-aspartyl-lysyl-valyl-thyrosyl-argininum) at an average therapeutic dose of 0.7 mcg/kg/day. The following indicators were evaluated: delayed hypersensitivity reaction index, antibody titer of direct hemagglutination reaction, phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils, leukocyte formula indicators. Results. The results obtained in the course of this study indicate that the arginine-containing neuropeptide compound Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro contributes to the correction of immune changes that occur against the background of exposure to chronic "social" stress, namely, an increase in the delayed hypersensitivity reaction index, the level of anti-erythrocyte antibodies, the total number of leukocytes and a decrease in phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils (phagocytic number and phagocytic index), as well as restoration of the percentage ratio of elements of the leukocyte formula. Conclusion. Thus, the study of the immunotropic activity of the argenine-containing neuropeptide compound Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro showed the presence of an immunocorrecting effect on the cellular and humoral links of immunity, which actualizes the need for a detailed study of the immune mechanisms of this compound.

The chemiluminescent and enzymatic activity of blood neutrophils in patients with Graves' disease depending on hyperthyroidism compensation

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress in Graves’ disease can potentiate the cytotoxicity of neutrophils and support autoimmune inflammation. Elimination of hyperthyroidism with conservative therapy with thiamazole only in some cases leads to remission, which determines the necessity to search an immunological markers for etiotropic therapeutic approaches in treatment of the disease.AIM: To study the chemiluminescent and enzymatic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with Graves’ disease depending on hyperthyroidism compensation to determine the intracellular targets of immunotropic treatment.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spontaneous and zymosan-induced chemiluminescence was evaluated using a 36-channel chemiluminescence analyzer «BLM-3607» (MedBioTech, Krasnoyarsk). The reactivity of peripheral blood neutrophils was characterized by: Tmax — the rate of development of the chemiluminescent reaction, Imax — the maximum level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and the area under the chemiluminescence curve (S — total synthesis of ROS for 90 minutes of measurement). The activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in neutrophils was determined using the bioluminescent method.RESULTS: The prospective study included 126 women with Graves’ disease, aged 18 to 65 years, 93 (73.81%) with compensated and 33 (26.19%) with uncompensated hyperthyroidism. In uncompensated hyperthyroidism, the indicator S of spontaneous ROS and zymosan-induced lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence increases significantly, both relative to the control and to the values of compensated hyperthyroidism patients. Antigenic neutrophils stimulation during luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in patients with recurrent hyperthyroidism demonstrated more than tenfold increase in the total synthesis of ROS relative to the control, but no statistically significant differences with compensated hyperthyroidism patients. A high level of NADH-GDG was established in patients with recurrent hyperthyroidism, both relative to the control range and to the patients with euthyroidism.CONCLUSION: Violation of oxygen peripheral blood neutrophils metabolism in patients with euthyroidism mainly affects the production of ROS, which is associated with hyperthyroidism compensation and the immunosuppressive effect of thiamazole. In patients with recurrent hyperthyroidism, there are more changes in the production of high-energy oxidants not only at initial oxidative reactions stage, but also at the level of secondary ROS, indicating the activation of cellular response immunological mechanisms.

The effect of kisspeptin on the functional activity of peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils in the context of physiological pregnancy

Hypothalamic hormone kisspeptin is also produced by placental syncytiotrophoblast. Blood leukocytes express a specific membrane receptor of kisspeptin (KISS-1R). Since kisspeptin-54 enters the bloodstream during pregnancy, the hormone has a systemic effect on the leukocytes only in this period. Earlier we demonstrated that kisspeptin-54 enhances the generation of regulatory T (Treg) cells and suppresses the IL-17-producing T helper (Th17) cells. NK cells specialize into a regulatory subtype with reduced cytotoxic activity against fetal cells under the hormone influence. Kisspeptin-54 also regulates the maturation of thymic dendritic cells (DC). However, kisspeptin-54 effect on leukocytes functional activity has not been studied. Although it is known that these cells play an important role in ensuring fetus survival. The aim of the study was investigation of kisspeptin-54 effect in concentrations comparable to its level during physiological pregnancy on neutrophils and monocytes functional activity. Cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy non-pregnant women and cultured with kisspeptin-54 for 1 h. The monocytes and neutrophils phagocytic activity was determined by reducing bacterial bioluminescence. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated in a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence test. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was determined spectrophotometrically. It was revealed that kisspeptin-54 inhibits phagocytosis, MPO and ROS of neutrophils. On the contrary, the hormone activates phagocytosis, MPO activity, ROS production and IDO activity of monocytes. Thus, received data demonstrate that kisspeptin-54 is an important reproductive hormone that regulates leukocytes functional activity. The action of kisspeptin-54 depends on the type of cells expressing KISS-1 R.

The experimental study of the immunomodulating action of Semax and Selank on the model of „social” stress

Abstract This study is devoted to the experimental study of the immunocorrecting action of Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) and Selank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) on the model of “social” stress formed as a result of sensory contact and inter-confrontation. Functional activity of the immune system of laboratory animals was assessed on the basis of standard immunopharmacological tests: delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH), direct agglutination test (DAT), latex test for studying the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils, and evaluation of changes in the leukocyte formula. As a result of the experiment, it was found that, under the influence of “social” stress, changes in the immune response are multidirectional, which confirms the theory of “immune disbalance” under the action of stressors. As a result of studying the influence of Semax and Selank on the model of “social” stress, it was found that the drug proved to be an effective corrector, restoring the cellular and humoral immunogenesis reactions, the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, which indicates the presence of immunomodulating properties, and emphasizes the need for further studies in this scientific direction. This study expands the scientific research base in the field of immunoreaction under stress-induced conditions with the aim of further developing a pharmacological strategy for correcting the revealed disorders by means of substances of a neuropeptide structure.

Non-specific factors of children protection with streptococcal tonsillitis and infected with herpes virus type 6

The aim of the work was to study the characteristics of the response of non-specific protective factors in tonsillitis of streptococcal etiology in children infected and uninfected with HHV-6 infection at different periods of the disease. Materials and research methods. In 78 children aged 3–15 years, inflammation markers and phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils (PAN) were determined using the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test. The studies were carried out in the acute period and in the period of convalescence. Mathematical and statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2003 and Statistica 6.0 programs. The significance of differences between the mean values was determined using the Student's test (t). Results. It was found that infection of children with HHV-6 leads to a decrease in the functional activity of neutrophils in the onset of streptococcal tonsillitis compared with uninfected patients (p<0.05). Also, the acute period of streptococcal tonsillitis in patients with co-infection is accompanied by a violation of the functional reserve of the oxygen-dependent mechanism of bactericidal neutrophils: minimal opportunities were found in tonsillitis on the background of HHV-6 infection (p<0.05). By the period of convalescence, a decrease in the indicators of the functional activity of neutrophils, increased in the acute period, was recorded, but in children infected with HHV-6, a complete recovery of indicators to the physiological norm did not occur. One of the features of streptococcal tonsillitis in children with HHV-6 infection is an increase in serum gamma globulin level (p˂0.05), lack of significant dynamics of decrease in the ASL-O indicator. Conclusions. The presence of VHL-6t infection in a child with streptococcal tonsillitis adversely affects the state of nonspecific protective factors, in particular PAN. The obtained data must be used to optimize the management of patients at different periods of the disease, including at the stages of dispensary observation

The Antimicrobial Activity of Peripheral Blood Neutrophils Is Altered in Patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

The airways of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) contain persistently elevated neutrophil numbers and CXCL8 levels. Despite their abundance, neutrophils fail to clear the airways from bacterial infections. We investigated whether neutrophil functions are altered in patients with PCD. Neutrophils from patients and healthy controls (HC) were isolated from peripheral blood and exposed to various bacterial stimuli or cytokines. Neutrophils from patients with PCD were less responsive to low levels of fMLF in three different chemotaxis assays (p < 0.05), but expression of the fMLF receptors was unaltered. PCD neutrophils showed normal phagocytic function and expression of adhesion molecules. However, PCD neutrophils produced less reactive oxygen species upon stimulation with bacterial products or cytokines compared to HC neutrophils (p < 0.05). Finally, the capacity to release DNA, as observed during neutrophil extracellular trap formation, seemed to be reduced in patients with PCD compared to HC (p = 0.066). These results suggest that peripheral blood neutrophils from patients with PCD, in contrast to those of patients with cystic fibrosis or COPD, do not show features of over-activation, neither on baseline nor after stimulation. If these findings extend to lung-resident neutrophils, the reduced neutrophil activity could possibly contribute to the recurrent respiratory infections in patients with PCD.

Increased Peripheral Blood Neutrophil Activation Phenotypes and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

BackgroundIncreased inflammation has been well defined in COVID-19, while definitive pathways driving severe forms of this disease remain uncertain. Neutrophils are known to contribute to immunopathology in infections, inflammatory diseases and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. Changes in neutrophil function in COVID-19 may give insight into disease pathogenesis and identify therapeutic targets.MethodsBlood was obtained serially from critically ill COVID-19 patients for eleven days. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis), oxidative burst, phagocytosis and cytokine levels were assessed. Lung tissue was obtained immediately post-mortem for immunostaining. Pubmed searches for neutrophils, lung and COVID-19 yielded ten peer-reviewed research articles in English.ResultsElevations in neutrophil-associated cytokines IL-8 and IL-6, and general inflammatory cytokines IP-10, GM-CSF, IL-1b, IL-10 and TNF, were identified both at first measurement and across hospitalization (p<0.0001). COVID neutrophils had exaggerated oxidative burst (p<0.0001), NETosis (p<0.0001) and phagocytosis (p<0.0001) relative to controls. Increased NETosis correlated with leukocytosis and neutrophilia, and neutrophils and NETs were identified within airways and alveoli in lung parenchyma of 40% of SARS-CoV-2 infected lungs available for examination (2 out of 5). While elevations in IL-8 and ANC correlated with disease severity, plasma IL-8 levels alone correlated with death.ConclusionsLiterature to date demonstrates compelling evidence of increased neutrophils in the circulation and lungs of COVID-19 patients. importantly, neutrophil quantity and activation correlates with severity of disease. Similarly, our data shows that circulating neutrophils in COVID-19 exhibit an activated phenotype with enhanced NETosis and oxidative burst.

Studies of immunological and microbiological efficiency of the therapy of curcumin and methionine in the developed capsules

Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound, the main component of the Curcuma longa rhizome. Recently, there is growing interest to studies of this new, inexpensive and safe substance that may be used to treat various diseases. Curcumin is widely used in medicine due to its therapeutic efficacy and safety. Its usage in therapeutic practice as a dietary supplement has shown that curcumin exhibits antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. Data from clinical studies have shown its pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic profile and potential use of curcumin in humans for treatment of various diseases, even at the early stages of treatment. Purpose of the study: analysis of immunomodulatory and microbiological properties when using the original grained preparation containing curcumin and methionine. It is suggested to have a regulatory effect by modulating microbial richness, diversity and composition of intestinal microflora. Analysis of immunomodulatory and microbiological activity of the components in the developed dosage form of the capsules with curcumin and methionine was carried out in vitro and in vivo. Functional and metabolic properties of neutrophils were determined with addition of its components, i.e., curcumin and methionine. The analysis of intensity and activity of neutrophils was carried out using the NBT-test. The analysis showed that simultaneous incubation of peripheral blood neutrophils from ICR (CD-1) mice with curcumin and methionine leads to an increase in spontaneous and induced NBT-reducing activity, an increase in the functional reserve and phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils in mice. A study of the modulating effects of oral intake of curcumin and methionine, which are part of the dosage form, on the intestinal microbiota of ICR (CD-1) mice was carried out. It was found that curcumin, together with methionine, affects the number of some representative families of intestinal microbial communities: in total, there were 640 common operating taxonomic units. between the curcumin-methionine and control groups, 65 were unique in the curcumin-methionine group and 93 in the control group. Given the direct link between gut microbiota and certain diseases, these results may help to interpret therapeutic benefits of curcumin with methionine. The results of the study showed that the developed dosage form, which contains curcumin and methionine, shows antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, which can be potentially used to treat diseases associated with the effects of oxidative stress on the organism.

Staphylococcus aureus as a target of peripheral blood microbicidal factors from healthy donors

Objective. The aim of investigation was to evaluate the bacteriolytic activity of the peripheral blood of healthy donors against S. aureus. Currently, much attention is paid to the involvement of opportunistic microorganisms in the development of infectious and inflammatory diseases, among which one of the leading places is occupied by the processes of staphylococcal etiology. Staphylococcus aureus possesses a unique spectrum of pathogenic factors, which, together with intracellular persistence, allow staphylococci to avoid exposure to immune factors and other agents.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The bacteriolytic activity of the peripheral blood of 32 healthy donors, as well as the ability of the whole blood and serum to destroy biofilms, were evaluated. The phagocytic activity of peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils and the ability to produce hydroxyl radicals were analyzed. For opsonization of S. aureus, a commercial immunoglobulin G or donor serum was used.&#x0D; Results. It was shown that the whole peripheral blood practically does not have a significant effect on the number of viable cells of S. aureus. However, freshly obtained blood serum significantly destroys the biofilm. It has been established that a fifth part of peripheral blood leukocytes is absorbed by S. aureus. After opsonization of microbial cells with immunoglobulin G, the indices of phagocytic activity of monocytes and neutrophils did not change significantly. When using freshly obtained serum for opsonization of objects, a stimulating effect on the production of hydroxyl radicals by leukocytes was revealed (2758.7 725.3 and 870.6 197.4 related light units, respectively; p 0.05). After heating the serum at 56 C, the stimulating effect was leveled (1091.1 234.7 related light units; p 0.05 for samples with non-opsonized objects). In general, the obtained data indicate that the complement components can be recognized as the most effective system for the elimination of S. aureus.&#x0D; Conclusions. Thus, S. aureus uniquely adapted to the human body that allows staphylococci to persist for a long time without clinical manifestations. It can be assumed that among the factors of the immune system, the proteins of the complement system, which destroy both S. aureus cells and the biofilm matrix, probably have the most effective bactericidal action. However, the effectiveness of this system depends on the protein-synthesizing function of the liver, the availability of microorganisms to the action of complement.

Вплив реабілітаційно-профілактичного комплексу на стан імунної системи в дітей з рекурентною респіраторною патологією на тлі гастроезофагеальної рефлюксної хвороби

Вплив реабілітаційно-профілактичного комплексу на стан імунної системи в дітей з рекурентною респіраторною патологією на тлі гастроезофагеальної рефлюксної хвороби

Metabolic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with &lt;i&gt;Opisthorchis felineus&lt;/i&gt; invasion and skin syndrome

The aim was to examine functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with Opisthorchis felineus invasion and skin syndrome. Materials and methods. A total of 92 patients with chronic opisthorchiasis were examined, of which 38 patients (20 males and 18 females, average age 35.7±3.9 years) and 54 patients (28 males and 26 females, average age 36.5±4.1 years) with/without skin syndrome, as well as 32 apparently healthy subjects (17 males and 15 females, average age 41.5 years). Detection of adult parasite eggs or bodies in the duodenal contents and/or feces was used as the major diagnostic method of opisthorchiasis used in all 92 opisthorchiasis patients. Liver fibrosis was assessed by elastometry method according to the METAVIR scale in all 92 opisthorchiasis patients. Functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophilic granulocytes was examined in all 92 opisthorchiasis patients and 32 healthy individuals from the control group by chemiluminescent analysis measuring intensity of reactive oxygen species production in spontaneous and zymosan-induced reactions in lucigenin and luminol-dependent processes. Results. Opisthorchiasis patients with vs. without skin syndrome suffered at higher rate from pain in the right hypochondrium, dyspepsia, astheno-vegetative syndrome, skin itching, blood eosinophilia, hyperbilirubinemia, cholestatic syndrome, cholecystitis, hepatomegaly, and had elevated serum immunoglobulin E level. Liver fibrosis F3—F4 according to METAVIR was determined in 18.4% and 11.1% of opisthorchiasis patients with vs. without skin syndrome (OR = 1.78; CI 0.57—5.57; p = 0.05). Both luminol- and lucigenin-dependent processes in opisthorchiasis patients with vs. without skin syndrome revealed significantly decreased functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes which was evidenced by significantly decreased maximum intensity of reactive oxygen species production and the area under the chemiluminescence curve both in spontaneous and zymosan-induced reaction. Conclusion. The results suggest that the presence of skin syndrome in patients with opisthorchiasis is accompanied by more prominent clinical and laboratory manifestations, decreased functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils, thereby allowing to consider it as a marker of intense pathology.