Activity Of MoS2 Research Articles

Unveiling the degradation mechanism of cathodic MoS2/C electrocatalysts for PEMWE applications

Molybdenum dichalcogenides (MoS2) are promising non-noble alternatives to replace platinum (Pt) for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) electrocatalysis in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEMWE). The knowledge acquired on this class of catalyst for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reactions has enabled significant advances in designing active MoS2 for HER. However, the stability of MoS2 in the dynamic operating conditions of a PEMWE coupled to renewable energy sources is often overlooked in the literature and is the focus of the present work. Herein, using nano slabs of 2H MoS2 supported on high surface area carbon, we dynamically monitored Mo dissolution trends both under HER conditions and at more anodic potentials to mimic start-ups and shut-downs of a PEMWE device. We report minimal Mo dissolution under HER conditions but it continuously increased with higher electrode potentials. In particular, Mo dissolution peaked during the irreversible oxidation from Mo(IV) to Mo(VI) starting at E = 0.7 VRHE which in turn fully annihilates HER activity. Since no change in Mo and S surface composition was observed, the decline in HER activity was attributed to the continuous exfoliation of the 2D MoS2 stacked layers induced by oxidation/dissolution of Mo. Additionally, our findings indicate that Mo cations can redeposit onto the cathode catalytic layer, forming a Mo blue film primarily composed of Mo(VI) species. This redeposition hampers HER performance by blocking catalytic sites and diminishing the catalyst's overall efficiency. These insights demonstrate the need to avoid excursions above E = 0.6 VRHE for the safe use of MoS2 cathode catalyst in PEMWE.

2D MoS2 plasmonic nanocavity based SERS platform for bilirubin detection

Although various methods can be used to detect bilirubin at the micromolar level, achieving reliable detection in the sub-nanomolar range remains challenging. Sensitivity at these ultralow levels is vital, as new evidence strongly associates bilirubin with chronic heart, lung, and neurological disorders. This accuracy is also essential for creating diagnostic protocols that can efficiently track bilirubin levels, assisting in managing related conditions. Such advancements will lead to enhanced diagnostic tools and methods, enabling more precise bilirubin monitoring in clinical environments. Here, the aforesaid blind-spot is addressed by utilizing surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as fingerprint technique to detect bilirubin concentrations as low as 0.1 nM. A plasmonically active 2D MoS2 based SERS substrate is formulated and optimized for single step SERS sensing of bilirubin. Plasmonic cavity based approach is utilized to circumvent the problem related to fluorescent background overwhelming the SERS signal. The 2D MoS2 based SERS platform shows threefold enhancement of scattering in comparison to the traditional gold nanoparticle on Si/SiO2 approach. The Raman signature of bilirubin is calibrated by taking citrate as a stable reference analyte and is shown to vary linearly with logarithmic concentration across the picomolar to micromolar range.

Recent progress of molybdenum disulfide/carbon composites for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction

As a star two-dimensional material, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) shows a good potential in the field of electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its low price, special physicochemical properties and a small theoretical Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption. However, some disadvantages such as poor electroconductivity and inert basal planes hinder its further improvement of HER activity. Therefore, adopting carbon materials with good electrical conductivity and large specific surface area to composite with MoS2 is one of the popular strategies to improve the electrical conductivity and increase the exposure of catalytically active sites for constructing highly efficient MoS2-based electrocatalysts. Herein, in this review, we firstly gave a brief introduction of the MoS2 structure and the basic HER principle. Then, the synthesis method, catalytic performance and reaction mechanism of utilizing different carbon materials to improve the HER activity of MoS2 were summarized in detail. Finally, the existing problems and future opportunities for preparing highly active and low cost electrocatalysts assisted by carbon materials are prospected.

Robust pseudocapacitive Na+ intercalation induced by MoS2 on active Mo2C current collector interface for high areal capacity sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as compelling alternatives in the realm of electrochemical energy devices, poised to substitute lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The primary challenge encompasses not only the scarcity of anode materials exhibiting exceptional Na+ storage capacity but also the endeavor to achieve high areal capacity. To address this challenge, a comprehensive strategy is proposed that entails utilizing a highly conductive molybdenum dicarbide (Mo2C) current collector (denoted as CCM) as a supporting scaffold for the bottom-up growth of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2, serving as the main active component) (denoted as CCM@MoS2). The CCM improves interfacial bonding with MoS2 nanosheets and offers additional capacity to accommodate the increased Na+ insertion activity. Both theoretical and kinetic analyses reveal that the enhanced Na+ storage properties primarily stem from favorable adsorption energy, reduced diffusion barrier, and intercalation pseudocapacitance due to the strong electronic interfacial interaction between active CCM and MoS2. Hence, the as-prepared optimized CCM@MoS2 electrode exhibits a superior areal capacity of 6.36 mAh cm−2 at 0.4 mA cm−2, excellent rate capability of 1.02 mAh cm−2 at 24 mA cm−2 and long cycle life up to 500 cycles at 4 mA cm−2. Interesting, our as-prepared CCM@MoS2 electrode shows better performance for Na+ storage than Li+ storage at higher current density, affirming the enhanced kinetics in our architecture. This work proposes a rational strategy to enhance the areal capacity and stability of MoS2-based anode for SIBs and beyond.

Simultaneous Piezoelectrocatalytic Hydrogen-Evolution and Degradation of Water Pollutants By Quartz Microrods@Few-Layered MoS2 Hierarchical Heterostructures

Intense light attenuation in water/wastewater results in photocatalysts exhibiting a low quantum efficiency. This study develops a novel piezoelectrocatalysis system, which involves quartz microrods (MRs) abundantly decorated with active edge-sites MoS2 nanosheets to form quartz microrods@few-layered MoS2 hierarchical heterostructure (QMSH). Through theoretical calculations, quartz MR serves as a parallel-plate capacitor, which is self-powered to provide an internal electric field to the few-layered MoS2 nanosheets surrounding the quartz MR surfaces, and the piezoelectric potential (piezopotential) effectively facilitates redox reactions with the free carrier in MoS2. The self-powered quartz MRs in QMSH present an internal bias to the MoS2 nanosheets, thus yielding a piezoelectrocatalysis system. An efficient piezoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and decomposition of wastewater without light irradiation could achieve simultaneously. The second-order rate constant of QMSH is approximately 0.631 L mg-1min-1, which was 650-fold that of quartz MRs, indicating that the piezoelectric heterostructural catalysts display exceptionally high efficiency on piezo-electrocatalytic redox reactions rather than in the peizocatalytic process. The H2-production rate of QMSH catalysts approached approximately 6456 μmo1·g−1 h−1 and peaked at approximately 16.8 mmol g−1 in 8 h. The piezoelectrocatalytic process may be a promising method for treating industrial wastewater and producing clean energy.

MoS2 confined within CMK-3 as multifunctional nanoreactor towards high-performance Li–S battery

Lithium-sulfur (Li–S) battery has been considered a promising energy-storage devices due to its high energy density and low cost. However, the low utilization of sulfur and rapid capacity degradation resulted from low conductivity of sulfur, shuttle effect of sulfides intermediates and slow reaction kinetics restrain its practical application. In this work, a sulfur host composite constructed by CMK-3 confining MoS2 nanoparticles was developed through a simple hydrothermal and post-annealing method. In this composite, most nano-size MoS2 nanoparticles are confined within the pores and channels of CMK-3 (MoS2@CMK-3), acting as a “restricted nanoreactor” shows multiple effect for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). On the one hand, the highly conductive CMK-3 not only accelerate the electrons transfer, but also can physically capture soluble LiPSs through its abundant mesopores. More significantly, the active MoS2 within the nanoreactor exhibits a synergistic effect of strong chemical adsorption and subsequent catalytic conversion effect for LiPSs, which efficiently inhibits the shuttle effect. As a result, the as-prepared cathode based-MoS2-50@CMK-3 delivers a high specific capacity of 950.3 mA h g−1 at 2 C and still maintain a discharge specific capacity of 440.3 mA h g−1 after 1600 cycles with a capacity decay rate of 0.033 % per cycle. This work would guide the rational design of advanced sulfur cathodes for Li–S batteries.

Ammonium ions intercalated 1T/2H-MoS2 with increased interlayer spacing for high-efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

As an effective catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the catalytic performance of MoS2 is largely depends on its conductivity and active sites. Herein, we design and prepare a 1T/2H-MoS2 material with increased interlayer spacing for accelerating HER catalytic activity. The increased interlayer spacing can expose more active sites and also endow large channels for ion transport. Meanwhile, the effective combination of conductive 1T and 2H phase MoS2, and the presence of phase boundaries further improve the catalytic activity. Accordingly, the prepared catalyst delivers superior HER performance of a low overpotential (159.9 mV@10 mA cm−2) and a low Tafel slope (55.5 mV dec-1). Furthermore, it also exhibits a remarkable electrochemical stability under acidic condition. This work may provide a reasonable strategy for the preparation of highly active MoS2 based catalysts with increased interlayer spacing.

Efficient depolymerization of sodium lignosulfonate assisted by sulfur migration

Lignosulfonate (LS), as the most abundant technical lignin, is hard to depolymerize due to highly condensed structure. To overcome the limitation, in this work, NiMoO4/Al2O3 catalyst with regulated acidity/hydrogenation activity was developed for highly efficient LS depolymerization. Results show that the performance of NiMoO4/Al2O3 was improved by sulfur migration. Meanwhile NiMo alloy contributed to the good stability during LS depolymerization. The NiMoO4/Al2O3 was favor for the intermediate compounds production by the cleavage of CO and CC bonds, which intermediate compounds were eventually hydrogenated to monomers by highly active MoS2. Also, NiMoO4/Al2O3 and sulfonic groups play a synergistic role in the sulfur migration (only 39.1% bio-oil yield obtained by MoS2/Al2O3). After reacting at 300 °C for 4 h, 81.7% of bio-oil yield with 95% desulfurization rate were obtained. Thus, it was demonstrated that an inexpensive catalyst was developed which can efficiently catalyze the depolymerization of lignosulfonate.

MoS2 nanoflowers coupled with ultrafine Ir nanoparticles for efficient acid overall water splitting reaction

Bi-functional electrocatalysts for acid overall water splitting reactions are crucial but still challenging to the development of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. Herein, an efficient bi-functional catalyst of Ir/MoS2 nanoflowers (Ir/MoS2 NFs) catalyst was reported for acidic water electrolysis which can be constructed by coupling three-dimensionally interconnected MoS2 NFs with ultrafine Ir nanoparticles. A more suitable adsorption ability for the H* and *OOH intermediates was revealed, where the Ir sites were proposed as the main active center and MoS2 promoted the charge relocation to electronically modify the interfacial structure. The significant interfacial charge redistribution between the MoS2 NFs and the Ir active sites synergistically induced excellent catalytic activity and stability for the water electrolysis reaction. Specifically, the catalyst required overpotentials of 270 and 35 mV to reach a kinetic current density of 10 mA cm−2 for OER and HER, respectively, loading on the glass carbon electrode, with high catalytic kinetics, stability, and catalytic efficiency. A two-electrode system constructed by Ir/MoS2 NFs drove 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.55 V, about 70 mV lower than that of the commercial Pt/C||IrO2 system. In addition, partial surface oxidation of Ir nanoparticles to generate high-valent Ir species was also found significant to accelerate OER. The enhanced catalytic performance was attributed to the strong metal-support interaction in the Ir/MoS2 NFs catalyst system that changed the electronic structure of Ir metal and promoted the synergistic catalytic effect between Ir and MoS2 NFs. The work presented a novel platform of Ir-catalyst for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis.

Tuning the content of S vacancies in MoS2 by Cu doping for enhancing catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol

Hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is one of effective ways to promote "carbon neutrality". The activity of MoS2 as an efficient catalyst for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is influenced by the content of in-plane S vacancies. Theoretically, the higher the density of in-plane S vacancies is, the better the performance of the catalyst is. In this work, a series of MoS2 nanosheets with different copper (Cu) dopant concentrations were prepared via hydrothermal method. It was found that the highest selectivity of MoS2-catalyzed CO2 hydrogenation to methanol along with the spatial-temporal yield was achieved at the Cu doping of 5%. Compared to the undoped MoS2 catalyst, the increase in methanol selectivity and spatial-temporal yield after doping was 13.37% and 2.27 times, respectively. This was due to the fact that Cu doping multiplied the number of S vacancies on MoS2, which altered the microstructure and chemical properties of the catalyst. However, a further increase in Cu dopant concentration reduced the S vacancy content on the MoS2 substrate, hindering the hydrogenation of the decomposed CO and thus decreasing the methanol yield. Therefore, a new technique to enhance MoS2-catalyzed CO2 hydrogenation to methanol was proposed.

Alloyed RexMo1 – xS2 Nanoflakes with Enlarged Interlayer Distances for Hydrogen Evolution

Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) has attracted significant attention due to its great potential as a low-cost and efficient catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Developing a facile, easily upscalable, and inexpensive approach to produce catalytically active nanostructured MoS2 with a high yield would significantly advance its practical application. Colloidal synthesis offers several advantages over other preparation techniques to overcome the low reaction yield of exfoliation and drawbacks of expensive equipment and processes used in chemical vapor deposition. In this work, we report an efficient synthesis of alloyed RexMo1–xS2 nanoflakes with an enlarged interlayer distance, among which the composition Re0.55Mo0.45S2 exhibits excellent catalytic performance with overpotentials as low as 79 mV at 10 mA/cm2 and a small Tafel slope of 42 mV/dec. Density functional theory calculations prove that enlarging the distance between layers in the RexMo1–xS2 alloy can greatly improve its catalytic performance due to a significantly reduced free energy of hydrogen adsorption. The developed approach paves the way to design advanced transition metal dichalcogenide-based catalysts for hydrogen evolution and to promote their large-scale practical application.

Confined Growth of MoS2 by using a Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Framework for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the exposed active edge sites of MoS2 are limited due to its intrinsic stacking property. Herein, a highly exposed MoS2 hybrid electrocatalyst is prepared by a confined strategy of the pores of a 2D metal‐organic framework (MOF). A low overpotential of 76 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 73 mV dec−1 are achieved, which indicated greater efficiency than pristine MoS2. The denotative growth of MoS2 from the internal pore of 2D MOF on the surface effectively prevents its stacking and exposes much more active edge sites. Experimental results show that parts of Co are incorporated into MoS2, producing strong electronic interaction between Co and Mo atoms and accounting for the excellent HER activity of MoS2. This work demonstrates a confined strategy to prepare nanomaterials with highly exposed edge sites and enhanced intrinsic activity.

1T-MoS2 Enriched Hierarchical MoS2 /MoO3 Produced by Phase Transformation for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

In recent years, transition metal sulfides have been widely studied in the context of their use as electrocatalysts. The electrocatalytic propensity of the classical semiconductor MoS2 , which exists in the 1T and 2H phase structures, has attracted extensive attention. Therefore, the synthesis of highly active and stable MoS2 -based catalysts has become the goal of many research efforts. We recently developed a method that can be utilized to prepare the MoS2 /MoO3 heterojunction in a phase-controlled manner. 1T-MoS2 phase enriched MoS2 /MoO3 heterojunction can be generated using a simple hydrothermal and acid treatment sequence and that the heterojunction has a unique three-dimensional structure, large active surface area, and therefore achieve a low overpotential and high catalytic current density, as well as long-term stability for the hydrogen evolution reaction.

The charge effects on the hydrogen evolution reaction activity of the defected monolayer MoS2.

Doping engineering has proven to be an effective way to tune the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of MoS2. Introducing these defects could cause the overall charge imbalance of MoS2, which makes MoS2 charged. In order to understand the effect of charge on the HER activity of the defected MoS2, we systematically investigate the formation energies, hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy (), and electronic structures of 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metal (TM) doped monolayer MoS2 with S vacancies (Svac) based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. According to the formation energy calculation, Svac in the 0 and -1 charge states (S0vac and Svac1-) is found to be stable. of Svac1- is -0.16 eV, suggesting its HER catalytic activity is lower than that of Pt (), which is consistent with the experimental results. By substituting the Mo atom with TM atoms, we found that the TM atoms in groups VB-VIIB can promote the generation of Svac, forming defect complexes (TMMoSvac). is greatly affected by the charge state of defects; TMMoSvac defects (TM = V, Nb, Ta, Cr, W, Mn, and Re) in -1 charge states exhibited excellent HER activity (). Significantly, W and Re doping can promote the HER activity of MoS2 independent of the charge state and the Fermi level, which suggests that W and Re doping are most beneficial to improve the HER activity of MoS2. Therefore, the HER activity of defected MoS2 is not only influenced by as previously thought, but also by formation energies, charge state and Fermi level position of defects. The underlying physics could be deduced from the charge-induced changes in electronic structures. Our work highlights the defect charge effects on the electrochemical reactions and offers plausible mechanisms of defect charge effects.

MoS2 Nanosheets Uniformly Anchored on NiMoO4 Nanorods, a Highly Active Hierarchical Nanostructure Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Pseudo‐Capacitors

AbstractHierarchical nanostructures have attracted considerable research attention due to their applications in the catalysis field. Herein, we design a versatile hierarchical nanostructure composed of NiMoO4 nanorods surrounded by active MoS2 nanosheets on an interconnected nickel foam substrate. The as‐prepared nanostructure exhibits excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance, producing a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 90 mV, in comparison with 220 mV necessary to reach a similar current density for NiMoO4. This behavior originates from the structural/morphological properties of the MoS2 nanosheets, which present numerous surface‐active sites and allow good contact with the electrolyte. Besides, the structures can effectively store charges, due to their unique branched network providing accessible active surface area, which facilitates intermediates adsorptions. Particularly, NiMoO4/MoS2 shows a charge capacity of 358 mAhg−1 at a current of 0.5 A g−1 (230 mAhg−1 for NiMoO4), thus suggesting promising applications for charge‐storing devices.

Computational screening of nonmetal dopants to active MoS2 basal-plane for hydrogen evolution reaction via structural descriptor

Nonmetal doping is an efficient approach to activate inert MoS2 basal plane, which converts MoS2 into an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the trial-and-error approach through experimental attempt is still a common practice to search for suitable nonmetal dopants. In this work, we employ density functional theory (DFT) and microkinetic model to assess alkaline HER activity of nonmetal-modified MoS2(001), which show strong variation in the degree of activation by single- or double-dopants across nonmetal element series (B, C, N, P, O, S, Se and Te). To assist the screening of nonmetal dopants to active MoS2 basal plane, a structural descriptor-based prediction model is constructed. It demonstrates that the activation effect of nonmetal dopant is achieved through the adjustment of valence electron occupancy of reaction center, which tunes the adsorption energy of atomic hydrogen and hydroxide radical, and accordingly reaction kinetic for alkaline HER. The structural descriptor-based prediction model reproduce the activity trend among non-metallic doped MoS2 from available experimental references. In addition, we screened out MoS2 modified by BTe and BSe double dopants with lower overpotential than reported nonmetal-modified MoS2 systems. This work gives a deep insight into activation mechanism of nonmetal dopant for MoS2, and provides an efficient screening strategy for future catalyst design of transition metal dichalcogenides.

3D nanoflower-like MoS2 grown on wheat straw cellulose carbon for lithium-ion battery anode material

In this paper, we report a simple and reliable hydrothermal synthesis strategy to prepare high-performance energy storage materials. Herein, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added to obtain spherical MoS2 composite wheat straw cellulose carbon material (MoS2 @WSCC-S), and ammonium persulfate (APS) was further added under acidic conditions to obtain 3D nanoflower-like MoS2 grown on wheat straw cellulose carbon (MoS2 @WSCC-F). These results unequivocally demonstrate that the presence of oxygen-containing groups and the pH of the solution are key factors enabling the formation of flower-like structures, with MoS2 uniformly decorated on the wheat straw cellulose carbon. Mo at the edge of MoS2, C in PVP molecules, and oxygen-containing functional groups released by APS are directly coupled with wheat straw cellulose carbon (C-O-Mo bond). The interfacial interaction of the C-O-Mo bond can enhance the electron transport rate and structural stability of the MoS2 @WSCC-F electrode. The wheat straw cellulose carbon enhances the electrical conductivity of the composite and maintain structural integrity, and at the same time, it can not only serve as a substrate for uniformly dispersing active MoS2, but also serve as a buffer to accommodate volume changes during cycling. As a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries, the obtained MoS2 @WSCC-F has a stable charge-discharge capacity of 1056.3 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at a 1 C rate, a first-cycle Coulombic efficiency of 77 %, and a capacity retention rate of 80.4 %.

Cover Feature: Surface and Interface Engineering Strategies for MoS2 Towards Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution (Chem. Asian J. 14/2022)

High-efficiency electrocatalysts are critical to promote the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) through electrolysis of water. MoS2 has received great attention as potential electrocatalysts for HER. Surface engineering and interface engineering are effective strategies to enhance HER activity of MoS2. In this Review, the modification strategies used in recent years to improve the HER activity of MoS2 through surface and interface engineering are summarized. Particularly, the aspects including defects, doping, strain, atomic control and heterostructure are highlighted. More information can be found in the Review by Le Yu et al.

Preparation and electrochemical performance of MWCNT/MoS2 composite modified Co–P hydrogen storage material

The MoS2 interwoven with multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT/MoS2) composite is synthesized by solvothermal method. The Co–P material is obtained via mechanical alloying. Composites of Co–P coated with MoS2, MWCNT and different amounts of MWCNT/MoS2 are fabricated by ball-milling. Eventually, MWCNT/MoS2 coated Co–P electrode exhibits superior discharge capacity than separate MoS2 or MWCNT modified Co–P and original Co–P. The highest discharge capacity of 653.9 mA h/g is obtained for Co–P + 6% MWCNT/MoS2. The preferable HRD, corrosion resistance and kinetics properties are also achieved after MWCNT/MoS2 loading. Due to the synergistic effect between MoS2 and MWCNT, the Co–P + MWCNT/MoS2 electrode shows improved electrochemical activity and kinetics performance. The high conductive MWCNT and active MoS2 species within the unique structure of MWCNT/MoS2 can further accelerate the hydrogen diffusion during the electrochemical hydrogen storage process.

An active MoS2 with Pt-doping and sulfur vacancy for strengthen CO2 adsorption and fast Capture: A DFT approach

In this paper, MoS2_1VS_1PtMo was constructed to synergically enhance carbon dioxide adsorption on MoS2. DFT calculations show that MoS2_1VS_1PtMo can effectively break the transport barrier between MoS2 surface and CO2 molecules. S vacancies and Pt atoms act as electron transport bridges and simultaneously transport electrons to CO2 molecules. In MoS2_1VS_1PtMo, S vacancies and Pt atoms transfer 0.06 e to CO2 molecules, respectively, which transfer more electrons than MoS2_1VS and MoS2_1PtMo. It indicates that MoS2_1VS_1PtMo can synergistically enhance the electron transport efficiency, exhibiting the effect of 1 + 1 > 2. Meanwhile, the adsorption energy of CO2 molecules in MoS2_1VS_1PtMo is − 0.44 eV, which is higher than MoS2_1VS and MoS2_1PtMo, and its adsorption energy is 1.83 times higher than pristine MoS2. This indicates that sulfur vacancies and Pt doping can significantly enhance the CO2 adsorption performance, which provides a reliable idea for enhancing the carbon capture performance of Mo-based material systems.