Activity In Certain Regions Research Articles

THE EFFECTS OF CRIMINAL LAW ON LEGAL SUBJECTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT THAT DAMAGES THE ENVIRONMENT

Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia establishes constitutional and human rights for all citizens, outlining principles for managing the environment. These principles include state responsibility, justice, and sustainability. Despite the constitutional emphasis on the right to a good and healthy environment, environmental crimes are prevalent in Indonesia, particularly where companies dispose of waste directly into rivers, leading to pollution. While Article 28H, paragraph (1) underscores the right of individuals to live prosperously in a physically and mentally healthy environment, the reality contradicts these rights. Business activities in certain regions, especially along rivers, do not align with these principles. The prevalent criminal acts often involve improper waste disposal into rivers, causing environmental degradation. It is essential to consider Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management to tackle these challenges. According to Article 1, 14 of this legislation, environmental pollution is defined as human activities leading to the introduction or involvement of living beings, substances, energy, or other environmental elements, exceeding the quality standards set for environmental conditions. This study employs a normative juridical research method that incorporates three distinct approaches. The first approach is the statutory approach, involving a thorough examination of legal regulations relevant to the central focus of the research. The second approach, the conceptual approach, involves comprehending the legal concepts that underlie the research, including the values ​​inherent in the norms. Lastly, the case approach analyzes legal norms or principles applicable to Environmental Criminal Offenses, encompassing regulations, accountability, and possible legal consequences. Environmental pollution can be explained based on Article 1, number 14 of Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management.

ESTABLISHING THE RELIABILITY LEVEL OF MASONRY BEARING STRUCTURES BASED ON ITS COMPONENT STRENGTH ANALYSIS

The article discusses aspects related to assessing the reliability of masonry structures. The authors present methods for determining the compressive strength of masonry in existing structures, taking into account reliability theory. We also consider practical solutions for calculating the design strength of masonry, which may help to assess the safety of massive brick walls and pillars that act as core structural elements of existing buildings. Thus, walls and pillars operating in compression are vital elements of stone buildings and require special attention when analysing and assessing their strength. They carry enormous loads and are critical to the stability of the entire structure. There are cases when it may be hard to obtain safe samples for testing masonry mechanical performance, making the analysis of existing masonry structures difficult. However, building codes and methods provide specific methods for determining the strength of existing structures based on reliability theory. These methods assume uniformity of masonry with regularly spaced brick layers. Although such assumptions may simplify the analysis, they can still provide sufficiently accurate results for making decisions about the safety and reliability of the building. It is essential to consider all possible factors and limitations when using these methods to ensure a reliable assessment of the condition of masonry structures. Stone materials are among the most traditional in various areas of construction production. Buildings with brick load-bearing walls represent the lion’s share of the existing housing development in Ukraine. Ensuring its high-quality operation and the safety of residents during the life cycle of such buildings are priority areas. However, changes occurring in the external environment and the state of regulatory support for construction production require a periodic return to the issues of assessing the load-bearing capacity of both previously erected building structures and those under design. Thus, lately, the territories with previously unusual force impacts on building structures, such as horizontal displacements of the base of the building, have significantly expanded. The reasons for this include seismic activity in certain regions of the country and the results of anthropogenic factors, particularly the areas with unstable soils. We should note that many buildings and structures are subject to external influence due to military operations on a large territory of Ukraine. So, in the event of a hit by warheads or the action of a blast wave, they generate new, non-typical, but dangerous effects on the load-bearing structures of the entire building. Keywords: reliability theory, reliability assessment, structural safety, stone structures, masonry strength.

The Impact of Regional and Segmental Factors on the Benefits and Risks of Venture Capital Financing

This paper presents an analysis of aspects of venture capital (VC) financing, focusing on risks and rewards, correlation with geographic location and industry. The results were obtained through statistical analysis of data from public startup databases and a questionnaire distributed to selected VC-funded startups. The aim of the paper was to analyze the risks and benefits of VC funding and the impact of regional and segment factors. The paper identifies the key benefits of VC funding as fast and flexible access to capital, while the key risks include loss of control over the business and high pressure on performance. The analysis suggests that the perceived riskiness of VC financing is strongly influenced by both geographic location and industry. Certain geographic locations were found to have an affinity for specific industries, suggesting regional specialization within the VC market. The paper reveals significant trends in funding, with the dominance of technology startups, business platforms and the HealthTech sector, and increasing activity in certain regions in recent years.

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН НАДАННЯ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНИХ ПОСЛУГ В УКРАЇНІ ЗА УМОВ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article focuses on the services provided by the centers providing administrative services, as well as the process of decentralization of power and the transfer of powers from public authorities to local governments. For the purpose of timely implementation of reforms, high-quality service for citizens, and quick response to the challenges associated with reforming the system of providing administrative services by the authorities, the work reveals exactly the processes that occur in local governments. The statistical data of the work of the Centers of the provision of administrative services in 2018 presented and substantiated. The assessment and analysis of the centers’ activities in certain regions of Ukraine are carried out; priority areas for further development are identified. The process of the transfer of authority, their implementation, the introduction of new methods of work is covered.

Neurokognitivna i bihejvioralna osnova izvođenja jednostavnih i složenih pokreta, imitacija i praksija kod dece sa poremećajem autističnog spektra

Imitation of simple movements is the basis for all kinds of learning. It is a necessary prerequisite for symbolic functioning and functioning in the social environment. The motor execution of imitation movements is at an unsatisfactory level, in children with an autistic spectrum disorder, especially in the domain of movement. By reviewing the relevant literature from both aspects: neurocognitive and behavioral, we get the data on the motor functioning of children with autism spectrum disorders. Based on the results of the research, children with autism spectrum disorders show reduced activity in certain regions, especially in the areas of the frontal and parietal lobes. When conducting motor tests of imitation and practice, children with autism spectrum disorders show more errors in performing repetitive movements. By looking at the overall functioning of people with autism, especially their neurocognitive functions and their behavior, we can discover new ways for interventions and for therapeutic work with these people.

Evaluating the Socio-Economic Factors Impacting Foreign Trade Development in Port Areas

Seaports are an important component of the Russian transport infrastructure. They play a major role in the sustainable development of adjacent territories and the country. Investments in port infrastructure facilitate the introduction of new technologies that accelerate cargo handling, contribute to the efficient use of resources and foreign trade increase. Ports have a major impact on the dynamics of economic indicators in the coastal region, its socio-economic development and environmental condition. In turn, the optimal development of the port infrastructure depends not only on the volume of investments made but also on other socio-economic indicators of the region. This paper analyzes the impact of socio-economic factors on export and import indicators in port areas. Based on a sample of five Russian ports and ten regions, and data observed in the period from 2010 to 2019, dependency patterns were identified for the regions of the Arctic, Baltic, Far Eastern, Azov-Black Sea and Caspian basins. The methods of correlation and regression analysis, panel data analysis (fixed-effect models) and nonlinear models, are used for the analysis. The study’s findings show that investments in the development of seaports stimulate foreign trade growth in port areas and neighboring regions, which, in turn, shows the level of a region’s integration into the global economic cooperation system. The results of the original research can be used to develop programs to support the foreign economic activity of certain regions. Conclusions are also made about the existence of inverse dependence of the volume of exports and imports on the level of costs for environmental protection. The results may have scientific significance for subsequent deeper research of the problem, as well as practical value for the development of regional development strategies within the framework of a single nationwide sustainability politics.

КЛАСТЕРНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРІОРИТЕТІВ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ДЕРЖАВИ

The article presents a cluster analysis as one of the most effective tools for shaping the priorities of investment policy of the state. Cluster analysis is a tool for systematizing the objects being analyzed, it is used in the study of the structure of sets of socio-economic indicators or objects: socio-economic systems of different levels. The study was conducted on the basis of all regions of Ukraine. As all the oblasts analyzed are participants in the state's investment policy and receive investments, not all regions are quite active in attracting investments, and therefore not all of them have sufficient investment attractiveness for investors. Therefore, the task was set to investigate which regions are attractive and what is the reason for the failures of outsider regions. For this purpose, the regions of Ukraine were clustered according to the level of their investment attractiveness. Based on the application of modern methods of cluster analysis, the efficiency of each type of economic activity in certain regions according to clusters was also evaluated. To do this, each type of economic activity of the respective cluster was analyzed separately and its relationship with the resulting indicator, ie with the volume of sales as a result, depending on the investment in this type of economic activity, was checked. There is also a cognitive map of the relationship between sales of the region and capital investment in economic activities. In order to improve the development of the state's investment policy, it is necessary to make a balanced choice of priorities that will have certain specifics for each administrative territory. The proposed methodological approach allowed us to conclude that not all types of economic activity in the case of their investment are capable of effective development. In addition, the composition of regional economic systems by type of economic activity is unique in each case. Common to all administrative territories are the problems of improving the regulatory framework, improving the investment climate in the country, simplifying the investment procedure, creating an investment-attractive image of certain economic activities, regions and the country as a whole, cooperation between government and business. Keywords: investments, cluster analysis, region, type of economic activity.

Determination of the Types of Air Pollutants Prepondering in the City of Lome in Togo (West Africa)

The increase in the urban population and the high concentration of many anthropogenic activities in certain regions of the world lead to atmospheric disturbances. The excess concentration of several chemical elements leads to air pollution. In order to identify the types of air pollutants, a study was carried out in the city of Lomé, the capital of Togo. The objective of this study is to achieve a better knowledge of the types of air pollutants in the city of Lomé. The identification of the various atmospheric pollutants linked to the sources of pollution was made using micro-sensors. The standardized method was used to access target gas concentration levels. The average concentrations of NO2 gaseous pollutants at landfills are on average 0.333 μg/m3; 0.403 mg/m3 at the industrial level, at the transport level they are on average 0.434 mg/m3 for the morning and 0.457 mg/m3 for the evening. Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) are higher in industrial areas than in others sources of pollution. The average concentration measured at this level is 1632.79 mg/m3. In terms of road transport, in the mornings the average concentration is 1493.23 mg/m3, in the evening the average concentration is 1354.09 mg/m3. On the other hand, they are lower at the level of the landfills, the average of which is 1265.08 ppm. The highest SO2 concentrations are also observed only in the landfills of Port 1 and Bè_Kpota 2 with concentrations respectively and relatively low and equal to 0.081 mg/m3 and 0.1616 mg/m3. The concentration of ground-level ozone is zero in industries and landfills. On the other hand, at the level of road transport, some values were recorded at the level of two road transports. These are Carrefour Attikoumé Djidjole (17.03 mg/m3) and Carrefour 2 Lions (0.001 mg/m3). The concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) in the capital at the industrial level are on average 22.57 mg/m3; at landfills it is on average 0.24 mg/m3. In terms of road transport, they are on average 7.890 mg/m3 for the morning and 8.23 mg/m3 for the evening. These results constitute a database for biomonitoring.

Effectiveness and cerebral responses of multi-points acupuncture for primary insomnia: a preliminary randomized clinical trial and fMRI study

BackgroundPrimary insomnia (PI) is characterized by difficulties in initiating sleep or maintaining sleep, which lead to many serious diseases. Acupuncture for PI has drawn attention with its effectiveness and safety. However, the operation of choosing acupoints lacks scientific suggestion. Our trial aims to provide reference and scientific basis for the selection of acupoints and to explore its possible mechanism.MethodsA patient-assessor-blinded, randomized and sham controlled trial was designed to compare the efficacy of 5-weeks acupuncture at a single acupoint, the combination of multi-acupoints, and a sham point. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Athens Insomnia Scale questionnaire were used for the primary clinical outcomes, while polysomnography was performed for the secondary clinical outcomes. The resting state functional MRI was employed to detect the cerebral responses to acupuncture. The brain activity in resting state was measured by calculating the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), which reflected the idiopathic activity level of neurons in the resting state. These results were analyzed by two factorial ANOVA test and post-hoc t-tests.ResultsThe clinical outcomes suggest that acupuncture could improve clinical symptoms, and the combination of multi-acupoints might lead to a better clinical efficacy. The rs-fMRI results suggested that the brain activity of certain regions was related to the sleep experience, and acupuncture could regulate the activity of these regions. Furthermore, the combination of multi-acupoints could impact more regions which were influenced by the sleep experience.ConclusionsAcupuncture has been proven to be beneficial for PI patients, and the combination of multi-acupoints might improve its efficacy.Trial registrationThis trial has been registered on the U.S. National Library of Medicine (https://clinicaltrials.gov) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02448602. Registered date: 14/04/2015.

Root isoprene formation alters lateral root development

Isoprene is a C5 volatile organic compound, which can protect aboveground plant tissue from abiotic stress such as short-term high temperatures and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we uncover new roles for isoprene in the plant belowground tissues. By analysing Populus x canescens isoprene synthase (PcISPS) promoter reporter plants, we discovered PcISPS promoter activity in certain regions of the roots including the vascular tissue, the differentiation zone and the root cap. Treatment of roots with auxin or salt increased PcISPS promoter activity at these sites, especially in the developing lateral roots (LR). Transgenic, isoprene non-emitting poplar roots revealed an accumulation of O2 - in the same root regions where PcISPS promoter activity was localized. Absence of isoprene emission, moreover, increased the formation of LRs. Inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase activity suppressed LR development, suggesting the involvement of ROS in this process. The analysis of the fine root proteome revealed a constitutive shift in the amount of several redox balance, signalling and development related proteins, such as superoxide dismutase, various peroxidases and linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase, in isoprene non-emitting poplar roots. Together our results indicate for isoprene a ROS-related function, eventually co-regulating the plant-internal signalling network and development processes in root tissue.

IT-technologies in soil Informatics and Russian agribusiness

One of the promising areas associated with a large amount of information on the properties, characteristics and classification of soils is soil Informatics. Its appearance has allowed soil scientists, farmers and environmentalists to process data; to model soil processes, to make operational decisions on land use; implement systems to assess fertility, control of technological processes in agriculture. Currently multinational and global information systems are used, which contain data on soil profiles of many countries: European Soil Database, Europe; SOTER, global soil information system and others. Information systems at the national level study the soil characteristics of one country: Australian Soil Resource Information System; National Soil Information System (USA) and others. In order to generalize process and preserve information about soils of Russia accumulated by long-term research, a nationwide Soil-geographical database is being developed in our country. To optimize the agricultural activity of certain regions of the country, regional information systems are developed - Accounting and monitoring of agricultural lands of the Novosibirsk region, geoinformation system of the Tyumen region and others. Modern soil information systems, for the most part, are implemented through the use of the GeoRSS standard, which is based on a hypertext providing information on the Internet.

PERSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURE OF THE POLYTECHNIC MUSEUMS

The museums of science and technology (or polytechnic) highlight the process of the innovational development of the society and have their own place in the system of school-science-industry-technical culture. The innovational activity of certain regions, states or groups of states is comprised of inventions, discoveries, new products and technologies that is all that provides the development of society and its competitive advantages. The modern polytechnic museums combine not only the functions of the demonstration of the achievements of the scientific and technological progress but also training and development of new inventions. In connection with the multifunctional nature of the modern polytechnic museum architects face the challenge of the creation of the architecture with universal dimensional planning elements, with its possible transformation in the course of time.

Efficiency Versus Equality In Regional Development Policy: The Case Of Romania

Researchers in the field of regional economy but also geographers have long been concerned about the problems caused by uneven regional development and how it can be reduced by appropriate regional policies. Recently, however, the traditional argument of regional policy to reduce the spatial concentration of economic activity in certain regions, in order to achieve economic efficiency and social justice at national level was questioned. The controversy is the fact that regional imbalance, i.e. spatial agglomeration or concentration of economic activity and workers in certanin regions, can be effective for the entire national's economic performance, generating growth. It follows that policies which seek to reduce regional economic disparities can be ineffective nationwide. This causes a compromise (trade-off) of political intervention, between maximizing national growth and minimizing regional inequalities. This idea has attracted the attention and interest of researchers and practitioners, and the success in empirical testing does go beyond the stage of idea, theory came to be known as the trade-off of regional policy. The theory holds that regional imbalance expresssed by concentrating economic activity and workers in certain particular regions, may be beneficial for national economic performance, generating growth. The paper aims to examine the new trade-off theory in Romania, investigating to what extent clusters supported by the industrial policy of the past two decades have led to national economic growth, but at the same time, increased regional inequalities. The authors aim to analyze the spatial concentration of economic activity in Romania and the competitiveness of the eight Romanian development regions (NUTS 2) in terms of cluster's performance and correlate the results with national growth and inequality. The period chosen for the study (8 years, between 2006 and 2013) is significant for the proposed analisys, because it overlaps the development in Romania of industrial competitive clusters supporting policy. The analysis uses data from the Eurostat database, Romanian Cluster Association, Regional Competitiveness Index 2013 and maping clustering studies in Romania. Research limitations are related to the availability of statistical data on the performance of Romanian clusters. How to cite: Clipa, R.I., Bostan, I., & Clipa, F. (2017). Efficiency Versus Equality in Regional Development Policy: the Case of Romania. European Journal of Law and Public Administration , 4(1), 55-67. https://doi.org/10.18662/eljpa/06

Indicators of regional inequality in Serbia

The diversity of spatial units of the Republic of Serbia is caused by several types of regional inequality. Only some of indicators of inequality between the regions can be considered developmental problems. In this paper indicators are distinguished by which it is possible to isolate and compare the regions of Serbia according to different criteria. This approach required use of several different methodologies from the domain of geography, economics and environmental protection. Results point to Republic of Serbia as a polarized space with a trend of concentration of population and economic activity in certain regions, and at the same time, lagging of other regions.

Environmental Law and Sustainable Tourism: critical analysis between environmental ethics and interests in relation to non-human animal life

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the exploitation of animal life in tourism observed in certain tourist destinations, such as Jenipabu/RN, which uses dromedaries from the Canary Islands in ethical mismatch. As observed hypotheses, tourism as an economic activity does not share the parameters associated with the preservation of life and sustainability and the use of animals in tourism comes to constitute the reproduction of cases related to the exploitation and violation of animal rights, non-human lives. It is analyzed the evaluation of tourism development of a destination that uses nonhuman life in this activity in certain regions of Brazil. Through exploratory research and qualitative method, it investigates the bibliography, original documentation and articles that address sustainability parameters in Brazilian Environmental Law and tourism, through which it was diagnosed a sustainable development mean for the sector, since this activity tends to reach a factor of preservation of the fauna by contributing to conservation funds. As preliminary conclusion, it is stated that tourism planning needs to share guidelines to ensure the maintenance of animal life for inspection by the responsible agencies, particularly in organizations that use animals in their routine activities, and to encourage the creation and participation of multiple actors in courses of environmental education by promoting parameters of awareness of the maintenance and conservation of non-human life.Keywords: environmental law; sustainable tourism; environmental ethics; sustainability; non-human.

Agglomeration Externalities and Sectoral Employment Growth in Cities

Firms benefit some external effects resulting from the concentration of economic activities in certain regions. These effects called “agglomeration economies” or “agglomeration externalities” are mainly divided into three categories – MAR, Jacobs and Porter externalities –, and regarded as the determinant factors of regional economic development and growth. This study analyzes the impact of agglomeration externalities on employment growth using Turkish data of 43 sectors operating in 81 Turkish cities between years 2001 and 2007. OLS regression analyses are repeated for each sector. As far as the MAR externalities are concerned, their impact on employment growth is found negative in 23 sectors while Jacobs externalities have significant and positive effects only on 4 sectors, most of which are from service sectors. As for Porter externalities, they prove to have positive effect on the regional employment growth for 16 sectors. Moreover, urbanization externalities are found to affect the regional growth positively in 4 sectors and negatively in 1 sector. While the impact of the initial level of regional labor supply is found positive, the initial level of regional employment level has negative effect on employment growth. Finally, the share of high education level in cities is found to have almost no effect on regional growth.

Real-time functional MRI neurofeedback: a tool for psychiatry.

The aim of this review is to provide a critical overview of recent research in the field of neuroscientific and clinical application of real-time functional MRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf). RtfMRI-nf allows self-regulating activity in circumscribed brain areas and brain systems. Furthermore, the learned regulation of brain activity has an influence on specific behaviors organized by the regulated brain regions. Patients with mental disorders show abnormal activity in certain regions, and simultaneous control of these regions using rtfMRI-nf may affect the symptoms of related behavioral disorders. The promising results in clinical application indicate that rtfMRI-nf and other metabolic neurofeedback, such as near-infrared spectroscopy, might become a potential therapeutic tool. Further research is still required to examine whether rtfMRI-nf is a useful tool for psychiatry because there is still lack of knowledge about the neural function of certain brain systems and about neuronal markers for specific mental illnesses.

Alertness network in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: A fMRI study

Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often suffer from cognitive deficits. However, it remains elusive whether the performance of TLE patients in the attentional networks test (ANT) is impaired. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can accurately reflect the hemodynamics and functional activities in certain regions of the brain. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics and neural mechanisms of the functions of the alertness network in patients with TLE using the ANT and fMRI. A total of 12 patients with TLE and 8 healthy controls underwent the ANT behavioral tests and subsequent block-design fMRI scanning. The results showed that the response times of the alertness network had no significant difference between the TLE group and the healthy control group. The fMRI data showed that the activation of the cerebellum, right occipital lobe, right frontal and brainstem was significantly weaker in TLE patients than in healthy control. Our data indicate that despite neuropsychological test performance is normal; the alerting network is deficient in the TLE patients. The decreased activation of brain regions of right occipital lobe, cerebellum, right frontal lobe, brain stem and temporal lobe may be the neural basis of altering network impairment in TEL patients.

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) is an increasingly popular method of analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data1-4. Typically, the method is used to identify a subject's perceptual experience from neural activity in certain regions of the brain. For instance, it has been employed to predict the orientation of visual gratings a subject perceives from activity in early visual cortices5 or, analogously, the content of speech from activity in early auditory cortices6. Here, we present an extension of the classical MVPA paradigm, according to which perceptual stimuli are not predicted within, but across sensory systems. Specifically, the method we describe addresses the question of whether stimuli that evoke memory associations in modalities other than the one through which they are presented induce content-specific activity patterns in the sensory cortices of those other modalities. For instance, seeing a muted video clip of a glass vase shattering on the ground automatically triggers in most observers an auditory image of the associated sound; is the experience of this image in the "mind's ear" correlated with a specific neural activity pattern in early auditory cortices? Furthermore, is this activity pattern distinct from the pattern that could be observed if the subject were, instead, watching a video clip of a howling dog? In two previous studies7,8, we were able to predict sound- and touch-implying video clips based on neural activity in early auditory and somatosensory cortices, respectively. Our results are in line with a neuroarchitectural framework proposed by Damasio9,10, according to which the experience of mental images that are based on memories - such as hearing the shattering sound of a vase in the "mind's ear" upon seeing the corresponding video clip - is supported by the re-construction of content-specific neural activity patterns in early sensory cortices.

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) is an increasingly popular method of analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data1-4. Typically, the method is used to identify a subject's perceptual experience from neural activity in certain regions of the brain. For instance, it has been employed to predict the orientation of visual gratings a subject perceives from activity in early visual cortices5 or, analogously, the content of speech from activity in early auditory cortices6.Here, we present an extension of the classical MVPA paradigm, according to which perceptual stimuli are not predicted within, but across sensory systems. Specifically, the method we describe addresses the question of whether stimuli that evoke memory associations in modalities other than the one through which they are presented induce content-specific activity patterns in the sensory cortices of those other modalities. For instance, seeing a muted video clip of a glass vase shattering on the ground automatically triggers in most observers an auditory image of the associated sound; is the experience of this image in the "mind's ear" correlated with a specific neural activity pattern in early auditory cortices? Furthermore, is this activity pattern distinct from the pattern that could be observed if the subject were, instead, watching a video clip of a howling dog?In two previous studies7,8, we were able to predict sound- and touch-implying video clips based on neural activity in early auditory and somatosensory cortices, respectively. Our results are in line with a neuroarchitectural framework proposed by Damasio9,10, according to which the experience of mental images that are based on memories - such as hearing the shattering sound of a vase in the "mind's ear" upon seeing the corresponding video clip - is supported by the re-construction of content-specific neural activity patterns in early sensory cortices.