Activity Of Aqueous Root Extract Research Articles

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Aqueous Root Extract of Senna alata in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Aqueous Root Extract of Senna alata in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Phytochemical screening and potential anticonvulsant activity of aqueous root extract of Decalepis nervosa Wight & Arn.

Phytochemical screening and potential anticonvulsant activity of aqueous root extract of Decalepis nervosa Wight & Arn.

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: A comparative study of antioxidant activities and GCMS analysis of aqueous and ethanol root extracts

Withania somnifera also known as winter cherry belongs to the family Solanaceae. It is an effective immunomodulatory agent and inhibited the myelosuppression induced by diverse immunotoxins. It increases longevity and useful for promoting physical and mental health and rejuvenates the body in debilitated conditions. Ashwagandha is also useful in epilepsy, stress, and neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties and GC-MS analysis of both aqueous and ethanol root extracts of Withania somnifera. Antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical, Fe3+ reducing power, and phosphomolybdenum reduction assays were carried out for aqueous and ethanol root extracts. The maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity of aqueous root extract was 92.82% and ethanol root extract was 40.49% at 120 µg/mL concentrations. The IC50 of DPPH˙ radical scavenging activity of aqueous and ethanol root extracts was 38.35 μg/mL and 148.14 μg/mL concentration respectively. The maximum Fe3+ reduction of aqueous root extract was 82.12% and ethanol root extract was 63.86% 120 µg/mL concentration, and their RC50 values were 23.56 μg/mL and 80.36 μg/mL concentration respectively. The maximum phosphomolybdenum reduction of aqueous toot extract was 94.50% and ethanol root extract was 86.13% at 120 µg/mL concentration, and their RC50 values were 13.70 μg/mL and 38.43 μg/mL concentration respectively. The GCMS analysis of aqueous root extract of W. somnifera showed the highest RT peak at 16.55 and the ethanol root extract of W. somnifera showed the highest RT peak at 17.45, which are of the same compound, n-hexadecanoic acid.

Promising anti-sickling and fetal hemoglobin inducing effects of Boerhavia diffusa root extract on sickle cell erythrocytes

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder and currently available drugs are ineffective and come with numerous side effects B. diffusa has been reported as an important herb in the ayurvedic texts. Although studies have shown immunomodulatory and anti-inflammation activities, the anti-sickling activity and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) inducing potential of Boerhavia diffusa have not yet been explored. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess anti-sickling and HbF induction effects of B. diffusa aqueous root extract in sickle cell erythrocytes obtained from SCD patients. The in vitro anti-sickling activity of the extract was evaluated microscopically via the Emmel Test. The HbF inducing activity of the extract was determined on SCD erythrocytes through HPLC. The different doses and time-dependent treatments of the test extract and drug control (hydroxyurea) suggested that 30 mg/mL extract for 60 min exerts significant anti-sickling effect on SCD erythrocytes compared to the negative control (P < 0.0001). The anti-sickling activity of test extract was comparable to hydroxyurea. Moreover, the test extract showed significant increased HbF% in SCD patients’ erythrocytes at 30 mg/mL concentration for 120 min compared to negative control (P < 0.0001). The test extract showed similar HbF inducing potential when compared to hydroxyurea. In addition, the percentage of sickling was remarkably reduced with treatment of test extract in both severe and less severe SCD groups compared to negative control. The test extract and hydroxyurea were found to have similar anti-sickling effects irrespective of the severity of the disease. Overall, these results show for the first time the potent anti-sickling and HbF inducing activity of aqueous root extract of Boerhaviadiffusa, which may be used as an herb-based alternative therapy in SCD patients, warranting future in vivo studies.

Evaluating the oestrogenic activities of aqueous root extract of Asparagus africanus Lam in female Sprague-Dawley rats and its phytochemical screening using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).

Asparagus africanus Lam. is a plant used traditionally for natal care. This study evaluates the oestrogenic activities of aqueous root extract and screens for possible bioactive phytochemicals. Oestrogenicity of A. africanus was evaluated in ovariectomised rats treated with 50, 200, and 800 mg/kgBW doses twice daily for three days. Ethinyl estradiol (EE)1 mg/kg was used as positive control, and hormonal analysis and gene expression were carried out. The findings demonstrated that the extract produced a dose-dependent increase in the oestrogen levels with a significant increase compared to untreated rats. Pre-treatment with oestrogen receptor antagonist (ORA) prior to A. africanus treatment reversed the trend. Gene expression analysis on rats treated with 200 mg/kgBW A. africanus showed significant (p < 0.005) upregulation of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα), while pre-treating animals with (ORA) significantly (p < 0.005) increased the expression of calbindin 3 (Calb3) in the EE group as compared to the untreated rats. The GC/MS results showed the presence of steroidal saponins such as stigmasterol and sarsasapogenin. These might be the bioactive constituents that exhibited these activities. The oestrogenic properties of A. africanus revealed in this study could contribute to the antifertility properties of the plant. However, further pharmacological studies are required to confirm the antifertility effect.

Evaluation of in-vitro and in-vivo antidiabetic, antilipidemic and antioxidant potentials of aqueous root extract of Strophanthus hispidus DC (Apocynaceae).

Background Antidiabetic activity of aqueous root extract of Strophanthus hispidus (SHP) was evaluated based on its folklore used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the in-vitro and in-vivo antidiabetic potential of the aqueous root extract of SHP. Methods SHP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.), glibenclamide (5 mg/kg p.o.), normal saline (10 mL/kg; diabetic control) and distilled water (10 mL/kg; normal control) were administered once daily for 28 days, with the measurement of fasting blood glucose level at 7 days interval. Blood samples were collected on day 28 for serum biochemical (albumin, total protein [TP], creatinine, alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], bilirubin and urea) and hematological assays. The in-vitro antidiabetic activity was investigated using α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibitory assays. Results SHP produced a day-dependent reduction in glucose level. Peak reduction (82.94 %; p < 0.05) was produced at the dose of 100 mg/kg. SHP significantly (p < 0.05) increased the level of HDL and TP but significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the levels of TG, LDL, TC, AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, creatinine and urea compared with diabetic control rats. Furthermore, SHP significantly (p < 0.05) increased the level of catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione compared to diabetic control rats. SHP significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes compared with acarbose. Conclusion The findings in this study showed that SHP possesses beneficial antidiabetic activity.

GC-MS Analysis, Hypoglycemic Activity of Aqueous Root Extract of Carica papaya and Its Effects on Blood Lipid Profile and Hepatorenal Tissues Biomarkers of Diabetic Rats

The likely phytocomponents, present in aqueous root extract (AqRE) of Carica papaya, responsible for hypoglycemic activity and their capacity to reverse altered blood lipid profile and compromised hepatorenal functions in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were investigated. The identification of main phytocomponents of AqRE of C. papaya was carried out using GC-MS system. The capacity of AqRE of C. papaya to reverse altered blood lipid profile and compromised hepatorenal functions were investigated using standard diagnostic techniques. The relative abundance of the 7 major phytocomponents present in AqRE of C. papaya was within the range of 3.49-35.63%. AqRE of C. papaya lowered elevated fasting blood glucose concentration of the diabetic rat group by 30.95%. The diabetic rat group treated with AqRE of C. papaya gave absolute values of TC-(HDL-C)]/(HDL-C=1.15 units, TC/ HDL-C=2.15 units and LDL-C/HDL-C=1.56 units. Additionally, the ratio of serum ALT to AST activities of the diabetic rat group treated with AqRE of C. papaya gave absolute value of 2.27 units. Serum total bilirubin, creatinine and urea concentrations of the diabetic rat group treated with AqRE of C. papaya were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of diabetic rat group. GC-MS chromatogram of AqRE of C. papaya revealed the presence of phytochemicals of therapeutic potentials. AqRE of C. papaya ameliorated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in the diabetic rats. Finally, AqRE of C. papaya exhibited greater capacity to ameliorate obstructive liver dysfunction than hepatic tissue injuries in the diabetic rats.

Ameliorative activity of aqueous root extracts of Dicoma anomala against isoproterenol induced Myocardial infarction in rats

Ameliorative activity of aqueous root extracts of Dicoma anomala against isoproterenol induced Myocardial infarction in rats

In vitro antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities of two fractions of aqueous extract from Helicteres angustifolia L. root

Helicteres angustifolia L. (H. angustifolia) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine system to treat a variety of diseases including cancer. In order to characterize the bioactivities of H. angustifolia, we first obtained the aqueous root extract (ARE) which was then further partitioned into two fractions, namely ethanol fraction (EF) and water fraction (WF), and their antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities were evaluated respectively. Results indicated that both EF and WF possessed strong antioxidant activities, and EF was the major component to exhibit the cytotoxic activity in ARE with IC50 values of (33.98 ± 1.58) and (35.56 ± 0.42) µg/ml against human lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299 for 72 h treatment, respectively. As for immunomodulatory activities, WF was shown to stimulate the proliferation of macrophages (292.76 ± 31.42%) and phagocytic activity at 12.5 µg/ml, and increase the production of nitric oxide. Furthermore, WF was also observed to significantly mitigate doxorubicin (DOX) induced toxicity (from 18.42% to 63.63%) and apoptosis (from 90.8% to 57.5%) at 100 µg/ml, respectively. The above findings highlight the functional characteristics of WF and EF in their contribution to the anticancer activities of ARE, which also provides important scientific evidence for developing ARE as a potent anticancer reagent.

Evaluation of hypolipidemic effect of Tinospora cordifolia in cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats

Background: There is always a need for developing novel drugs with higher efficacy and fewer side effects. Though statins are generally well-tolerated drugs for hyperlipidemia with high efficacy they are not free from adverse effects. Herbal drugs are well known for their cost-effectiveness and minimal side effects . Tinospora cordifolia ( T. cordifolia ) is one such plant with known hypolipidemic activity and wide availability in India. Hence this study is an attempt to verify and evaluate the extent of efficacy of T. cordifolia as a hypolipidemic agent. The objective of the study is to compare the hypolipidemic activity of aqueous root extract of T. cordifolia with that of Rosuvastatin in cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Methods: Hyperlipidemia was induced in male albino rats of wistar strain in the first 30 days of feeding period and continued in the next 30 days of treatment period. Aqueous root extract of T. cordifolia (2.5 and 5g/kg, per oral) was administered as test drug in the treatment period. Rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg, per oral) was used as the standard drug. Serum lipid profile, atherogenic index and body weights were estimated for all rats on the day before the start of the feeding period and on day 0, 15 and 30 of the treatment period. The results were analyzed statistically using student’s unpaired and paired t-test wherever applicable. Results: Serum lipid levels showed significant reduction (p <0.001) in TC,TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C with significant elevation (p <0.001) of HDL-C in both the rosuvastatin and test groups, but the percentage reduction in lipid levels, percentage elevation of HDL-C and percentage protection from atherosclerosis was higher in rosuvastatin group than in test groups. Conclusions: T.cordifolia has a definite hypolipidemic potential. Although its effectiveness is lesser than rosuvastatin its beneficial role as hypolipidemic agent may be tested in clinical studies.

In vitro and in vivo bioactivities of aqueous and ethanol extracts from Helicteres angustifolia L. root

Ethnopharmacological relevanceHelicteres angustifolia L. (H. angustifolia L.) has been used as traditional medicine in the treatment of cancer in China and Laos. Its medical benefits, however, are still lacking of scientific evidence. Two extracts successively obtained from the root of H. angustifolia L., namely the aqueous root extract (ARE) and the ethanolic root extract (ERE), were used to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer activities in vitro, and the antitumor efficacy of ARE was examined in vivo, respectively. Materials and methodsARE and ERE were extracted successively from H. angustifolia L. root with water and ethanol. In vitro antioxidant activities were assessed by radicals scavenging assay, ferrous chelating assay and reducing power assay. In vitro anticancer activities of ARE and ERE were evaluated by their cytotoxic effects against three human cancer cell lines. In addition, the anti-tumor activities of ARE in vivo were assessed by using Ht1080 (human fibrosarcoma cell line Ht1080) tumor xenografts mice. BALB/c nude mice were orally administrated with 200mg/kg/d of ARE. The tumor inhibition rate was determined on day 42 after treatment by using histopathology analysis of the tumor tissues. Furthermore, relevant biochemical parameters in blood were analyzed to monitor their cytotoxic effect. ResultsIn vitro assays indicated that ARE possessed relatively higher antioxidant and anticancer activities than ERE, with IC50 values of 82.31±9.62, 62.50±6.99, and 127.49±2.9μg/mL against DLD-1, A549, and HepG2 cells, respectively. In vivo tumor inhibition experiments suggested that ARE possessed significant antitumor efficacy in BALB/c nude mice with a tumor inhibition rate of 49.83±14.38% (p<0.05) and little toxicity was observed to the host. ConclusionARE from H. angustifolia L. possessed high antioxidant activities is active against liver cancer HepG2, lung cancer A549 and colon cancer DLD-1 cells in vitro and tumor xenografts bearing BALB/c nude mice in vivo. Further studies on elucidation of the mechanisms involved and isolation of the active components may provide more valuable information for the development of functional products from H. angustifolia L. and their application in cancer treatment.

Analgesic and Acute Anti-inflammatory Activities of Aqueous Root Extract of Salacia lehmbachii

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Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties of aqueous root extract of Icacina senegalensis in alloxan induced diabetic rats

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity of aqueous root extract of Icacina senegalensis (I. senegalensis) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. MethodBlood glucose levels of alloxan-induced diabetic rats were monitored after the administration of I. senegalensis extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) to diabetic rats for 14 d. Different biochemical parameters, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein were also examined. ResultsTreatment of alloxan diabetic rats with the extract showed significant (P<0.05) activity. The activity of the extract was comparable to that of the standard drug, glinbeclamide. ConclusionsThe results suggest that the root extract of I. senegalensis possesses antidiabetic and hypolipidemic properties, which might be a potential source for isolation of new orally active agent in the treatment of diabetes and its associated complications.

Hypoglycemic and Antidiabetic Profile of the Aqueous Root Extracts of Leptadenia hastata in Albino Rats

This study was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic profile and the hypoglycaemic activity of aqueous root extracts of L. hastata in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats model. Eighty five albino rats were used for this study out of this thirty five were used subjected to experimental diabetes by the use of alloxan at a dose of 160 mg kg(-1) body weight. Seven experimental groups of five rats per group (A-G) were used for this study. A standard antidiabetic drug (insulin) group (B) and normal saline group (G) serves as positive control. The blood glucose lowering activity of the extract, insulin and normal saline groups were monitored at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 hpost extract administration. On the other hand the remaining fifty albino rats were used to determine the acute toxicity and the hypoglycemic activity of the extract. The blood glucose levels of the rats were monitored at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post extract administration. Oral administration of aqueous root extract at 600 and 800 mg kg(-1) b.wt have significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the blood glucose in diabetic albino rats. On the other hand the hypoglycemic activity of the aqueous root extract on normal rats at dose of 1000 mg kg(-1) b.wt have significantly (p < 0.05) decreases blood glucose level in normal albino rats. The results of the current study have demonstrated the antidiabetic and hypoglycaemic effects of L. hastata aqueous root extracts and underscore its potentials in the management of diabetes mellitus especially following prolonged use in days.

Anti-diabetic activity of aqueous root extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum L. in streptozotocin-induced-diabetic rats

The present work is to study for the first time the anti-diabetic properties of aqueous extract of roots of Anacyclus pyrethrum L. in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and to achieve a primary pharmacological screening contained in the aqueous extract. A total of 20 rats including 10 diabetics and 10 normal rats were used for this study. The anti-diabetic activity of aqueous extract of roots was evaluated by using normal and STZ induced diabetic rats at a dose of 250 mg/kg p.o daily for 21 days. Blood glucose levels were measured using GOD-POD. Screening for major classes of phytochemical was done using standard chemical tests. Per oral administration of the aqueous extract of the roots (250 mg/kg body weight) to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats exhibited a significant antihyperglycemic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats, whereas in normal rats no hypoglycemic activity was observed. Phytochemical screening showed a wealth in compounds: Tannins, saponins, alkaloids, amino acids, steroids and terpenoids. Aqueous extract of roots exhibit attractive properties and can therefore, be considered a promising candidate for future application as alternative therapeutic agents, particularly in the development of anti-diabetic drugs. Key words: Anacyclus pyrethrum L, anti-diabetic activity, streptozotocin, aqueous root extract, phytochemical screening.

Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of Glycyrhiza glabra L roots in combination with zing

ObjectiveTo determine the immunomodulatory properties of roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra) L. (Liquorice), and also to check whether significant potentiation in immunomodulation occurs or not with the combination of zinc. MethodsImmunomodulatory potential of aqueous liquorice extract (ALE) 0.75 and 1.5 g/kg BW and its combination with zinc (45 mg/kg BW) were determined by the effect on leukocyte count and spleen weight, In vivo phagocytosis (carbon clearance method), determination of cellular immune response, haemagglutination antibody titre and plaque forming cell (PFC) assay using sheep red blood cells (SRBC). In addition, the effect of the extract on Systemic Anaphylactic reaction was also measured. ResultsLeukocyte count and phagocytic index (carbon clearance) was increased significantly with the treatment of ALE (1.5 g/kg) compared to control (P <0.05). Zinc (45 mg/kg) in combination with ALE (0.75 g/kg) showed highly significant increase of leukocyte count and phagocytic index compared to control (P <0.01). Same groups also showed positive significant action on spleen weight. In cellular immune response study, an enhancement in foot pad thickness was observed when compared to control group. Neither of the two doses of ALE showed significant increase in HA titre value and antibody secreting cells of mouse spleen. However, combination of zinc (45 mg/kg) and ALE (0.750 g/kg) showed significant increase (P <0.05) in HA titre and antibody secreting cells of mouse spleen value compared to vehicle control. In systemic anaphylaxis reaction test, results indicate a positive effect on anaphylaxis with the treatment of ALE in both doses and in combination with zinc. ConclusionsThe present study has shown the immunomodulatory activity of aqueous root extract of G. glabra L. at the dose 1.5 g/kg BW. G. glabra L. in combination with zinc has shown potentiation of immunomodulatory activity in all aspects of the study.

Spasmolytic Activity of the Aqueous Root Extract of &lt;i&gt;Solanum incanum&lt;/i&gt;, Solanaceae

Solanum incanum L. (Solanaceae) is an annual herb that is used in the traditional medicine of Ethiopia for treating stomach and intestinal disorders. The spasmolytic activity of aqueous root extract of S. incanum was assessed on contractions of isolated guinea pig ileum, induced by acetylcholine, and compared with the effect of atropine. The aqueous root extract of S. incanum inhibited the response to acetylcholine in a concentration-dependent manner (EC= 0.215 mg/ml) similar to atropine which indicated that the extract is a relaxant of guinea pig isolated ileum. In addition to its antispasmodic activity in vitro, the extract inhibited charcoal travel in mice intestine by 36.28, 51.45, 52.93 and 38.53 percent in doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. As the inhibition of contractile activity of the ileum is the base of the treatment of some gastrointestinal disorders such as colic, S. incanum may have clinical benefits for treatment of these conditions. Phytochemical screening of the root of the plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The50 alkaloids in the plant might be responsible for the anti-cholinergic activities observed. Results of acute toxicity study showed that the mice did not show any sign of conventional toxicity when administered doses of up to 15,000 mg/kg body weight orally. Keywords: Anti-spasmodic; Crude extract; Solanum incanum.Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 5 (2) 2006: pp. 137-146