Activity Of Aqueous Leaf Extract Research Articles

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of leaf extract of Juglans regia: Insight into the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Neuroinflammation, depletion of acetylcholine and neuronal oxidative stress are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. This study sought to investigate in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, free radical scavenging, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous leaf extract of Juglans regia. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activities of the extract were evaluated using different appropriate techniques. The extract showed substantial free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity by markedly scavenging hydroxyl radical, DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, with concomitant high free radical reducing power. Similarly, lipid peroxidation and inflammation were significantly inhibited by the extract. The extract elicited acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory potential of 45.49%, suggesting they could be beneficial in managing neurodegenerative diseases. These biological activities can be attributed to the phytochemical constituents of the extract. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins and GCMS identified phytochemicals including vanillic acid, p-Coumaric acid, caffeic acid, squalene. This study concluded that the aqueous leaf extract of J. regia exhibited significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activities which could be beneficial in mitigating the pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, thus, it could be explored as health-promoting dietary supplements/ products.

Evaluation of the protective activity of aqueous leaf extract of <i>Cissus populnea</i> against lead-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats.

Cissus populnea, a plant native to West Tropical Africa, has garnered attention, particularly for its use in traditional medicine to improve genital erection in males. Accordingly, this study investigated the possible protective effects of aqueous leaf extract of Cissus populnea (ACPE) against lead acetate-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups and administered various treatments, including 50mg/kg body weight (BW) of lead acetate, 1000 mg/kg BW of ACPE, or a combination of both, for 28 days via an orogastric tube. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed and various parameters, including body weight changes, sperm quality, and histology of testes were evaluated. Lead acetate exposure led to significant (P<0.05) weight loss, reduction in sperm count and motility as well as histological alterations of the testes. However, ACPE treatment significantly (P<0.05) mitigated the adverse effects induced by lead in the testes of exposed rats. Taken together, these findings underscore the potential of Cissus populnea as a possible protective agent against lead-induced testicular toxicity, thus offering important insights for future treatment options derived from natural sources.

Antidiarrhoeal and anti-emetic activities of aqueous leaf extract of <i>Ficus thonningii</i> Blume in young chicks

Treatments for diarrhoeal and vomiting with modern drugs have been associated with unwanted effects such as sedation and extrapyramidal effects. In this study, Ficus thonningii Blume leaf extract (FTE) was investigated for its anti-diarrhoeal and anti-emetic properties. Two study groups, namely anti-diarrhoeal and anti-emetic groups (n=36), were sorted into: placebo; drug-treatment, and 3 plant-extract treatment (FT100, FT200 and FT300) subgroups (n = 6). In the placebo group, chicks were administered only saline solution (0.9 %) while chlorpromazine (150 mg/kg) and loperamide (2.5 mg/kg) served as positive control in the anti-emetic and antidiarrhoeal study groups, respectively. The plant-extract treatment groups (FT100, FT200 and FT300) were treated with 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg doses of FTE, respectively. Vomiting was induced using oral copper sulphate solution (50 mg/kg) and chicks were observed for latency as-well-as number of retches. In the anti-diarrhoea study group, 30 mins after treatment with extracts, diarrhoea was induced with oral castor oil and latency as-well-as number of defecation was observed. Results revealed that treatment with 200 and 300 mg/kg of FTE, similar to chlorpromazine, inhibited the number of retching in chicks by 71% and 78%, respectively. Treatment with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of FTE, similar to loperamide, reduced the number of droppings in chicks by 45.4%, 42.9%, and 58.4%, respectively. Thus, the results showed that FTE possess anti-emetic and anti-diarrhoeal properties which qualifies it a potential research candidate in search of new drugs.

Antioxidant activities of aqueous leaf extract of Parquetina nigrescens in high-fat-diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rats

Antioxidant activities of aqueous leaf extract of Parquetina nigrescens in high-fat-diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rats

The Aqueous Leaf Extract of the Medicinal Herb Costus speciosus Suppresses Influenza A H1N1 Viral Activity under In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions.

This study investigated the antiviral activity of aqueous leaf extract of Costus speciosus (TB100) against influenza A. Pretreatment of TB100 in RAW264.7 cells enhanced antiviral activity in an assay using the green fluorescence-expressing influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) virus. The fifty percent effective concentration (EC50) and fifty percent cytotoxic concentration (CC50) were determined to be 15.19 ± 0.61 and 117.12 ± 18.31 µg/mL, respectively, for RAW264.7 cells. Based on fluorescent microscopy, green fluorescence protein (GFP) expression and viral copy number reduction confirmed that TB100 inhibited viral replication in murine RAW264.7 and human A549 and HEp2 cells. In vitro pretreatment with TB100 induced the phosphorylation of transcriptional activators TBK1, IRF3, STAT1, IKB-α, and p65 associated with interferon pathways, indicating the activation of antiviral defenses. The safety and protective efficacy of TB100 were assessed in BALB/c mice as an oral treatment and the results confirmed that it was safe and effective against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1), A/Philippines/2/2008 (H3N2), and A/Chicken/Korea/116/2004 (H9N2). High-performance liquid chromatography of aqueous extracts led to the identification of cinnamic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids as potential chemicals for antiviral responses. Further confirmatory studies using these acids revealed that each of them confers significant antiviral effects against influenza when used as pretreatment and enhances the antiviral response in a time-dependent manner. These findings suggest that TB100 has the potential to be developed into an antiviral agent that is effective against seasonal influenza.

Evaluation of the anti-bacterial activity of aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus on Streptococcus pyogenes for the treatment of tonsillitis

Phyllanthus amarus belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, it is a tiny herb that is known for its medical benefits and used widely globally. It is also an essential plant in the Indian Ayurveda medical system, and is used to treat stomach, genitourinary, liver and kidney problems and disorders. It is an astringent with bitter, stomachic, diuretic, febrifuge, and antiseptic in gonorrhea, menorrhagia, and other genital disorders, the entire plant is employed in eastern Asia for the treatment of infections. It helps with gastritis, diarrhea, dysentery, intermittent fevers, scabies, ulcers, and wounds. The present study aimed at addressing its activity against Streptococcus pyogenes for the treatment of tonsillitis and also it’s potential as a possible source of new antimicrobial product for tonsillitis. Distilled water (maceration method) was used in the extraction of aqueous leaf extracts of Phyllanthus amarus. Different phytochemical screening techniques were used to identify the phytochemicals present in the aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus. The Agar well diffusion and broth dilution test methods were used to test for the in-vitro anti-bacterial activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus against Streptococcus pyogenes. The percentage yield of Phyllanthus amarus aqueous leaf extracted was 13.88% (83.3mg). From the results of this research Phyllanthus amarus could be a good source for future drug developments, from the aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus in order to address the issue of need for new antibiotics due to the alarming burden of antimicrobial resistance. Keywords: Phyllanthus amarus aqueous leaf extract, Tonsillitis, Streptococcus pyogenes.

Evaluation of Anti-plasmodial Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Ficus trichocarpa and Lasianthera africana on Chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei berghei (NK65) Infected Male Albino Mice

This study was designed to evaluate the antiplasmodial activities of aqueous leaf extracts of Ficus trichocarpa and Lasianthera africana on chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei berghei (NK65) infected male albino mice. P. berghei was obtained from National Institute for Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria, and maintained in the laboratory by serial passage in mice. Chemo-suppressive, prophylactic, and curative procedures were used to appraise the antiplasmodial potentials of the extracts. A total of 305 albino mice were used for this study. Forty-five albino mice which were divided into 9 groups were used for the acute toxicity study of F. trichocarpa and L. africana. For chemo-suppressive and prophylactic assessment, 180 albino mice were divided into 2 sets of 90 rats grouped into 6 of five albino mice each respectively, while 70 mice were used for the curative assessment. The remaining 10 infected mice served as donor mice. The infected mice were orally treated daily with 5 mg kg‾1 chloroquine 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg kg‾1 bodyweight of F. trichocarpa and L. africana respectively, and a combined extract of F. trichocarpa and L. africana in a 1:1 ratio. The In vivo antiplasmodial effect of L. africana extract against P. berghei infection showed a significant (p˂0.05) dose-dependent schizonticidal activity for the prophylactic test. The percentage suppression of the malarial parasite by F. trichocarpa and L. africana after a 4-day treatment followed a dose-dependent manner and were significantly (p˂0.05) higher than the percentage suppression of groups treated with the combined extracts. Results of the prophylactic study showed that the percentage suppression of the parasite by the aqueous leaf extract of L. africana at each administered dosage was above 30%. It was, therefore, concluded that the leaf extracts of F. trichocarpa and L. africana possess antimalarial potencies when administered individually than as a combined regime and this property could be exploited for antimalarial therapy.

In vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Alchornea cordifolia

The present study was undertaken to evaluate antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of aqueous leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia by in vitro methods. The aqueous extract is prepared by dissolving ground plant materials (100g) in 1 L of distilled for 48 hours, filtered, and then dried using rotary evaporator before it was used for the pharmacological investigations. Standard phytochemical methods were used to test for the presence of phytoactive compounds in the leaf, in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were also assayed for using various methods. The qualitative screening of the phytochemical constituents of the aqueous extracts of Alchornea cordifolia leaves showed the presence of Phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides while the quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannin, alkaloid, flavonoids and phenol. Tannins had the highest concentration, while the lowest was flavonoids. The in-vitro antioxidant study revealed that aqueous leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia possesses antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner against DPPH, reducing power, total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide activity while the outcome of the in-vitro anti-inflammatory assay revealed that the antiproteinase, membrane stabilization and albumin denaturation activities of the extracts significantly (p<0.05) increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, the leaf of Alchornea cordifolia is rich in phytochemical substances. This could be responsible for the in-vitro antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activities.

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF MUSSAENDA ERYTHROPHYLLA AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles from medicinal plant extracts has been carried out due to its environment-friendly approach. Mussaenda erythrophylla of the family Rubiaceae has traditional medicinal values. Silver nanoparticles are synthesized from the fresh leaf extract of this plant using AgNO3. The synthesis of nanoparticles is conrmed by the FTIR spectrophotometer which shows maximum absorption at 440 nm. The UV spectra and visual observation showed that the color of the fresh leaf extract turned brownish-yellow after forming silver nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of aqueous leaf extract and AgNPs on E.coli is studied by disc diffusion method. It is found that the AgNPs has more antimicrobial property than the leaf extract

Biological activities of Viscum tuberculatum aqueous leaf extract

Content Plant-based natural products have served as sources of remedies against pathogenic microorganisms. Although the biological activities of Viscum (Santalaceae) species are widely recognized, there is no scientific evidence for Viscum tuberculatum A. Rich. in Ethiopia. Objective To investigate the antimicrobial, acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory properties and phytochemical constituents of an aqueous extract of V. tuberculatum from Ethiopia. Materials and methods The antibacterial activity of the aqueous leaf extract of V. tuberculatum was tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of this extract were determined using the broth macrodilution method. The acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract were investigated using standard procedures on female and male white albino mice, aged 8 and 10 weeks, respectively. The phytochemical constituents of V. tuberculatum were determined using LC–MS QTOF. Results The MIC and MBC values against S. aureus were found to be 6.25 and 100 mg/mL. The LD50 value was more than 2000 mg/kg body weight of the mouse. The 400 mg/kg dose exerts 87% inhibition after 5 h of carrageenan injection. Twenty-five different metabolites, mainly flavonoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids, were identified. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential of the aqueous extract of V. tuberculatum.

Anti-arthritic potential of aqueous leaf extract of Combretum platypterum (Welw) Hutch & Dalziel (Combretaceae) on rats

Combretum platypterum is used in the treatment of malaria, swellings, lumps, conjunctivitis, backache, fever, helminthiasis and diarrhea in ethnomedicine. This study evaluates the anti-arthritis activity of aqueous leaf extract of C.platypterum. C. platypterum leaf sample was pulverized and the powdered sample was extracted using cold maceration, which was freeze dried, and graded doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract were administered for the anti-arthritis property using an established formaldehyde and Complete Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis models in rats. The result showed that the extract had a significant reduction in the diameter of formaldehyde induced inflammation at day 10 (0.97, 0.97, 0.67 and 0.8 mm) and Complete Freund’s adjuvant at day 28 (1.98, 1.79, 1.77, 1.43 mm) when compared with arthritis control for days 10 and 28 (2.95 and 4.06 mm) (p < 0.05). Percentage inhibition of the leaf extract in formaldehyde at day 10 (67.12, 67.12, 77.29, and 71.86 %) and Complete Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis at day 28 (51.23, 55.91, 56.40 and 64.78 %) showed a significant increase in the inhibitory effect of C. platypterum in dose dependent order. The ankle weight, erythrocyte sedimentary rate (ESR) and malondialdehyde level had a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in graded doses on complete freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis rats when compared with arthritis control C. platypterum leaf extract elicited a significant (p < 0.05) increase in endogenous superoxide dismutase on complete freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis when compared with arthritis control. This study led it credence to C. platypterum leaf extract scientifically validated for its anti-arthritis property

Gastric acid anti-secretory activity of aqueous leaf extract of Hypoestes rosea in ulcer-induced rats

Background: Hypoestes rosea, an evergreen shrub belonging to the Acanthaceae family possess antiulcer potential amongst its several other medicinal properties, including usefulness as anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agents. Objective: In this study, we investigated the anti-secretory effect of aqueous leaf extract of H. rosea as the possible mechanism for its antiulcer activity in gastric ulcer induced rats. Methods: 40 rats were divided into 2 experimental phases of 20 rats each. They were further separated into 5 groups as follows: Group 1 (Normal control: rat chow and water only). Group 2 Ulcer control: Indomethacin-induced (40mg/kg bw). Group 3: Low dose (100mg/kg bw). Group 4: Medium dose (200mg/kg bw). Group 5: High dose (300mg/kg bw). Phase 1 involved determination of ulcer lesion index and % inhibition. Phase 2 involved estimation of gastric acid secretion using the method of continuous perfusion with 10minutes aliquots titrated against 0.01N NaOH. Results: Aqueous extract of Hypoestes rosea produced a significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent decrease in ulcer lesion score with an accompanying increase in percentage inhibition at the various doses used in the study (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg bw). Also, there was a significant decrease in basal and histamine-induced acid secretion at all doses with the greatest effect observed at the high dose (300mg/kg bw). Conclusion: Results obtained showed that aqueous extract of H. rosea decreased gastric acid secretion possibly due to inhibition of Histamine receptors and may thus be the mechanism for its anti-ulcer activity.

Larvicidal activity of aqueous leaf extract and synthesized silver nanoparticles of Andrographis paniculata against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)

The present investigation was carried out to study the larvicidal activity of aqueous leaf extract and synthesized silver nanoparticles of Andrographis paniculata against Spodoptera frugiperda at different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/ml). The third instar larvae of S. frugiperda were exposed to various concentrations and percent mortality were recorded after 24 hrs. The results showed that, the mortality increases with increase in concentrations of both aqueous leaf extract and synthesized AgNPs. A better eco-friendly approach has been used to control the maize fall army worm S. frugiperda.

Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) on Lead Acetate-Induced Cerebellar Toxicity in Wistar Rats

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of aqueous leaves extract of Anacardium occidentale (A.O) on lead-induced toxicity in the cerebellum of wistar rats.
 Methods: Thirty wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of five rats each. Group A: Normal control received 0.5ml normal saline; group B received 50mg/kg body weight (bwt) lead acetate (Pb) only (28 days); groups C and D: 150mg/kg bwt and 300mg/kg bwt of A.O respectively for 14 days and 50mg/kg bwt of Pb next 14 days; group E: 150 mg/kg bwtA.O and 50 mg/kg bwt Pb (28 days); group F: 300mg/kg bwt A.O and 50 mg/kg bwt Pb (28 days). At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. One hemisphere of the cerebellum was homogenized for estimation of tissue Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the second hemisphere was processed for histological studies.
 Results: Histological examination of lead only treated groups, showed alterations in cerebellar architecture. Biochemical estimations showed significant decrease in SOD, GPx levels (P=.03 and .04 respectively) and significant increase in MDA levels (P=.04), indicative of oxidative stress. Pretreatment and co-treatment with A.O showed dose dependent preservation of cerebellar architecture, significant increase of antioxidant parameters (SOD and GPx) (P=.03) and significant (P=.02) decrease in MDA.
 Conclusion: This study suggests that Anacardium occidentale especially at a higher dose (300mg/kg) exhibits antioxidant activities against lead-induced oxidative stress in the cerebellum of rats.

Assessment of gastroprotective activity of aqueous leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides L.: Role of mucous cells, anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and tumor suppressor (p53) proteins

Introduction: Generally, factors that up-regulate gastric mucosal protective factors or down-regulate aggressive factors contribute to the maintenance of mucosal integrity. This study was done to assess the role of mucous cells, Bcl-2 and p53 proteins during the gastroprotective activity of aqueous extract of Ageratum conyzoides.Methods: The phytochemistry of A. conyzoides extract was analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Animals were subdivided into five groups, including non-treated normal control group A, non-treated test control group B, and treated groups C-E (Pre-treated with 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg A. conyzoides, respectively for 28 days). After the treatment period, pyloric-ligation was used to induce mucosal injury. Gastric tissues were harvested, grossly examined, and processed for histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical studies. Stained sections were examined and quantified using image-J software. The data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS (version 23), and comparisons were checked via t test and analysis of variance.Results: Mild mucosal erosion was observed in the treated groups, but intense erosion was prominent in the test control animals. There was an insignificant increase in mucous cells, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in Bcl-2 expression without a significant increase in p53 expression in gastric mucosa of pre-treated animals compared to normal control. Gastric mucosa of test control showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mucous cell count and Bcl-2 expression with a significant concomitant increase in p53 expression.Conclusion: Increased mucous cell population and reciprocal expressions of Bcl-2 and p53 proteins in the gastric mucosa of animals highlighted the sub-cellular mechanisms of gastroprotective activity of A. conyzoides.

Antibacterial activities of plant leaf extracts against multi-antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with skin and soft tissue infections

BackgroundThe antibacterial activities of aqueous leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera, Vernonia amygdalina, Azadirachta indica and Acalypha wilkesiana against multidrug resistance (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus associated with skin and soft tissue infections were investigated.MethodsStaphylococcus aureus (n = 183) from the skin and soft tissue infections with evidence of purulent pus, effusions from aspirates, wounds, and otorrhea were biotyped, and evaluated for biofilm production. The phenotypic antibiotic resistance and MDR strains susceptibility to plant leaves extract were determined using disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution assays respectively. The correlation of plant extract bioactive components with inhibitory activities was determined.ResultsHigh occurrence rate of S. aureus were recorded among infant and adult age groups and 13.2% mild biofilm producers from the wound (p < 0.05). Of 60.2% MDR strains with overall significant MARI of more than 0.85 (p < 0.05), high resistant rates to linozidine (92.7%; 95% CI:7.27–10.52), ofloxacin (94.2%; 95% CI:6.09–8.15), chloramphenicol (91.2%; 95% CI:6.11–8.32), gentamicin (97.3%; 95% CI:6.20–8.22), ciprofloxacin (92.7%; 95% CI: 5.28–7.99) and vancomycin (86.6%; 95% CI:6.81–9.59) were observed. Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica showed significant antimicrobial activity at 100 mg/ml and 75 mg/ml, with low susceptibility of less than 10% to 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 75 mg/ml Moringa oleifera. Alkaloids, saponin and terpenoids were significant in Moringa oleifera, Acalypha wilkesiana, Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina leaves extracts (p < 0.05). High inhibitory concentrations at IC50; 3.23, 3.75 and 4.80 mg/ml (p = 0.02, CI: − 0.08 – 11.52) and IC90; 12.9, 7.5, and 9.6 mg/ml (p = 0.028, CI: 2.72–23.38) were shown by Acalypha wilkesiana, Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera respectively. Comparative outcome of the plant extracts showed Acalypha wilkesiana, Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera to exhibit significant inhibition activities (p < 0.05) compared to other extracts. Significant median inhibitory concentration (15.3 mg/ml) of Azadirachta indica were observed (p < 0.01) and strong associations of phytochemical compounds of Azadirachta indica (eta = 0.527,p = 0.017), Vernonia amygdalina (eta = 0.123,p = 0.032) and Acalypha wilkesiana (eta = 0.492,p = 0.012) with their respective inhibitory values.ConclusionObserved high occurrence rate of skin and soft tissue infections caused by biofilm-producing MDR S. aureus requires alternative novel herbal formulations with rich bioactive compounds from Moringa oleifera, Acalypha wilkesiana, Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina as skin therapeutic agents.

Cytotoxicity and Anticancer activity of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Solanum torvumon Normal Vero and Human Breast Adenocarcinoma MCF-7 Cell Line

Naturalherbalproducts areformulatedwitha combinationofphytoconstituentsfrom plants which play a pivotalrole becauseof their diverse medicinal properties.Limited plants have been screened for their complete biological and pharmacological nature.In the present research workan attempt wasmade to infer the medicinal value of aqueousextract of Solanumtorvum (S.torvum)leaves. Phytochemical analysis of theaqueous extracts of S.torvumleaf in the present study ascertain the presence of flavonoids, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, coumarins, sterols, proteins and reducing sugars.Further, the potentiality of aqueous extract ofS.torvumleaveswas assessedfor its cytotoxic effecton Normal Verocell lineand anticancer activityonHumanbreast adenocarcinoma cell lineby 3-(4,5dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide assay.A 24-hour incubationcell proliferation studyreducedthe cell viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines.In vitro studieson cytotoxicity analysis on Vero cell line revealed thattheaqueous leaf extract of S.torvumhasno toxicityand further it was foundtobeeffectiveinthepreventionofcellproliferation by MCF-7celllines.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.

Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Synthesised Using Mucuna pruriens

Introduction: The genus Mucuna, belonging to the Fabaceae family, sub family Papilionaceae, includes approximately 150 species of annual and perennial legumes. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications.Various studies have been done in this topic like determining the efficacies of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of aqueous leaf extract of Psidium guajava mediated biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Other studies have suggested that Obtaining biopeptides by enzymatic hydrolysis adds value to proteins of vegetative origin, such as Mucuna pruriens L. Thus it evaluated the effect of enzymatic digestion of protein derivatives obtained from M. pruriens L. Although a lot of studies have been done on Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and its various activities like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti diabetic, there are not many studies in the area of checking anti inflammatory and antioxidant activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesised using Mucuna pruriens The aim of this study is to observe the antioxidant and anti inflammatory activity of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesised using Mucuna pruriens.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A titanium dioxide nanoparticle is synthesised using Mucuna pruriens, extract used to perform albumin denaturation assays and DPPH method, where % zone of inhibition increases as the concentration of nanoparticles increases.&#x0D; Results: The Mucuna pruriens medicated titanium dioxide nanoparticle has positive antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study concluded that Mucuna pruriens mediated copper nanoparticle has good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at its high concentration which is nearer to that of the standard drugs.

Phytotoxic Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Datura metel on Germination and Seedlings of Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris

Phytotoxic Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Datura metel on Germination and Seedlings of Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris

Phytochemical analysis and In vitro Antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa and Aegle marmelos

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hypoglycemia, resulting from absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Worldwide about 220million people affected. Low-cost herbal treatment is recommended due to their lesser side effect. The aim of the current study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of aqueous leaf extracts of Lagerstroemia speciosa (Lythraceae) and Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae) using alpha amylase inhibition assay and glucose diffusion inhibition assay. In alpha amylase inhibition assay, the leaf extracts of A.marmelos (at a concentration 100µg/ml) exhibited 54.68% of α amylase inhibitory activity with an IC 50 values 92.04µg/ml whereas the leaf extracts of L. speciosa (at a concentration of 100µg/ml) exhibited 60.36% of α amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 68.19µg/ml .However the mixture of plant extracts (at a concentration of 100µg/ml) exhibited 94.87% inhibition with an IC50 value of 13.145µg/ml. Both plant extracts showed appreciable α amylase inhibitory effects, but the mixture showed more inhibitory effects than the individual plant extracts. In glucose diffusion inhibition assay, the aqueous extract of A. marmelos leaves exhibited maximum glucose diffusion inhibition (76.886%) at 150 minutes as well as L. Speciosa leaf extract showed the maximum inhibition of 79.5357% at the same time interval. The mixture of plant extracts exhibited 87.4274% inhibition at 150 minutes which produces more effects than the two plants.