Speech Acts Research Articles

Exclamation, intensity, and emotive assertion

Abstract In this paper, we present a novel analysis of exclamations as assertions equivalent to particular uses of declarative sentences with emotive verbs. Focusing on wh-exclamatives and declarative exclamations, we offer a wide range of arguments for why they are both assertive. We further argue that like emotive verbs, exclamations convey a presupposition not of factivity but of subjective veridicality anchored to the speaker, and assert the emotion (of surprise, amazement, or a negative emotion). Our analysis proposes a syntax-semantics for exclamations without a speech act operator, and exclamativity surfaces as an attitude rather than a speech act. This seems to be well motivated by the Greek, German as well as English facts we examine in the paper. Illocutionary operator approaches cannot capture the facts discussed here, and they also fail to determine precisely what the exclamative force might be.

Stages of teaching law students to draft international legal documents in English based on artificial intelligence tools

Importance. At the present time, the technologies of artificial intelligence are gradually finding their way into a wide variety of different fields of professional activity, including education. Over the past years, there has appeared a great corpus of research in pedagogical and methodical literature dedicated to the didactic and methodological potential of artificial intelligence. This study represents how the use of artificial intelligence technologies can diversify the learning and professional practice of learners, as well as take over some of the routine functions of a teacher. Genie AI, LegalAI, AI Legal Document Generator – these are all new artificial intelligence tools that allow international law students to draft international legal documents according to the characteristics of the legal systems of foreign authorities. At the same time, their linguodidactic potential is insufficiently revealed, which requires the development of a step-by-step methodology for teaching students to draft international legal documents in a foreign language based on these artificial intelligence tools. The aim of the research is to develop a step-by-step methodology for teaching law students to draft international legal documents based on artificial intelligence tools.Materials and Methods. The study is conducted on the basis of an expert approach. The materials are scientific articles considered with pedagogy and teaching foreign language methodology published in Higher Attestation Commission scientific journals and journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. Scientific literature analysis, methods of observation, and survey of university professors who deliver profile disciplines to students of the ‘Jurisprudence’ major, are used.Results and Discussion. A step-by-step methodology of teaching law students to draft international legal documents based on Genie AI, LegalAI, AI Legal Document Generator artificial intelligence tools is developed. The methodology consists of the following series of steps: 1) students study the structure of an international legal document taking into account the specificities of the legal systems of the participating countries in a regular class as part of an integrated course;2) students study or repeat an active vocabulary and grammar that are used in the process of drafting an international legal document; 3) explanation of the goals of drafting international legal documents on the basis of Genie AI learning practice, defining it’s stages and period to the students;4) discussion about information security and author ethics and the inadmissibility of unauthorised borrowing of generative AI material; 5) extracurricular independent educational practice on drafting international legal documents by students with the artificial intelligence tool; 6) mutual evaluation and discussion in small groups of students regarding international legal documents drafted with artificial intelligence tools; 7) selective evaluation by the instructor of legal documents drafted by students on the basis of practice with the artificial intelligence tool; 8) students’ reflection on the usefulness of using the artificial intelligence tool for drafting international legal documents.Conclusion. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a step-by-step methodology for teaching law students to draft international legal documents based on Genie AI, LegalAI, AI Legal Document Generator artificial intelligence tools. Prospects for further works are studying the linguodidactic potential of other artificial intelligence tools created for lawyers, and developing methods of teaching language aspects, types of speech activity, and specialised disciplines on their basis.

Politeness in Expressive Speech Acts: A Cyber Pragmatics Approach

Politeness in Expressive Speech Acts: A Cyber Pragmatics Approach

On a new approach to studying lexical metonymy. Review of a monograph: Ilyukhina N.A. Lexical metonymy in linguistic and cognitive comprehension. Samara: OOO «SAMARAMA», 2023, 172 p. ISBN 978-5-6050869-9-4

This review is devoted to the monograph «Lexical metonymy in linguistic and cognitive comprehension» by N.A. Ilyukhina, who examines the problems of using metonymic nomination of objects, processes and persons in various denotative and discursive spheres. The relevance of the issues raised in the monograph is determined by the important role of associative thinking in the process of understanding the reality and complexity of mental connections between referents, which become the objects of metonymic nomination. The review describes the issues that have become the focus of the researcher’s attention, in particular, the typologization of lexical metonymy, substantive and verbal metonymy, metonymic transfer of definitions, metonymy in various denotative and discursive spheres. The problem of the research lies in the complexity of the linguistic representation of the cognitive mechanisms of metonymic transfer, in understanding the mental connections between the part and the whole, due to which their names can replace each other in language and speech. During the research N.A. Ilyukhina used an up-to-date method of linguocognitive analysis. As a result of the conducted fundamental research, N.A. Ilyukhina comes to a number of important conclusions. The most significant and interesting conclusions are about the unified cognitive foundations of the main transfers in the system of language and speech; about the connection of the transfer vector with the structural type of a multi-faceted concept, which contains knowledge about the corresponding referent, nominated or defined by the word; about the most significant role of the cognitive metonymic mechanism in speech activity; about the «ubiquity», universality, versatility and expansion of linguistic metonymy due to its cognitive foundations; about the possibility of using metonymy as a basis for other tropes. The monograph is of considerable interest to researchers dealing with the problems of metonymy, cognitive linguistics, semasiology, and semantics of discourse.

The name as a speech act

Drawing on the philosophy of language and anthroponymy, we aim to outline a theory of proper names, deliberately sidestepping conventional perspectives, which we have systematically addressed in previous instances. Articulating a distinctive viewpoint, grounded in the established connotations of the anthroponym (most notably its characterization as a rigid designator), we aim to demonstrate that names function as any linguistic sign, not deprived of any of its dimensions. We will also consider situations involving name changes, whether undertaken with the consent of the bearer or independently of their will. To the best of our current knowledge, the examination of proper names as speech acts has not received substantial attention in past or contemporary studies; hence, we will allocate appropriate attention to it. Furthermore, our investigation will encompass discussions on unconventional anthroponyms, addressing them as a key facet of our current research agenda.

The influence of UGC features on consumers' purchase intention in social e-commerce platforms: Taking Xiaohongshu as an example

With the rapid development of social e-commerce, content-based social e-commerce platforms have become one of the main channels for consumers to obtain information. And this social e-commerce platform relies on user generated content to convey valuable information to users. The relationship between user generated content and user purchase intention is still a question worth exploring. This article starts from an empirical perspective and studies the mediating variables between UGC text features and consumer purchase intention in social e-commerce platforms. Based on speech act theory (SAT) and receptor stimulus response theory (SOR), research hypotheses are proposed, with perceived value, perceived risk, and perceived interest as mediating variables. By using AMOS to construct a structural effects equation for verification, it is concluded that UGC text features can positively affect perceived value, perceived risk, perceived interest, and have an effective impact on purchase intention.

Bilateralism, coherence, and incoherence

AbstractBilateralism is the view that the speech act of denial is as primitive as that of assertion. Bilateralism has proved helpful in providing an intuitive interpretation of formalisms that, prima facie, look counterintuitive, namely, multiple‐conclusion sequent calculi. Under this interpretation, a sequent of the form is regarded as the statement that it is incoherent, according to our conversational norms, to occupy the position of asserting all the sentences in and denying all the sentences in . Some have argued, based on this interpretation, that the notion of invalidity is as conceptually primitive and important as the notion of validity: whereas the latter is couched in terms of what positions are incoherent and hence untenable, the former is couched in terms of what positions are coherent and hence tenable. My ultimate goal in this paper is to contest this view. Based on a novel technical account of the two notions—one that I find more accurate than the existing accounts in the literature—I shall argue that the notion of incoherence takes conceptual priority over the notion of coherence.

THE RESEARCH POTENTIAL OF ASSOCIATIVE LEXICOGRAPHY: PROSPECTS OF DIACHRONIC RESEARCH IN KAZAKHSTAN

The article describes the history of the formation of world associative lexicography, examines the typology and electronic databases of various associative dictionaries, their meaning and purpose in the context of psycholinguistic studies of the content and ethnocultural specificity of the linguistic consciousness of ethnic groups; gives an interpretation of the terminological apparatus used in the study of cognitive and mental processes of speech activity using associative techniques. Using the example of comparing the contents of two Kazakh associative dictionaries – the Soviet (KRAD-78) and the post-reform period (KAD-2014) – the dynamics of changes in the content of the nuclear zones of linguistic consciousness of two generations of students, participants in mass associative experiments, is demonstrated, which is convincing evidence of the serious research potential of associative lexicography and predicts the prospects of this kind of diachronic associative research. Based on the predicted scientific and socio-cultural significance of diachronic comparative associative studies, the article proposes to create another associative dictionary, expanding the list of stimulus words from 120 to 1000 in order to obtain an associative thesaurus of the Kazakh language, which will reflect a certain transformation of the linguistic consciousness of the ethnic group, and elements of stability of its central nuclear zones.

Contrastive Analysis of Tabe Politeness Speech Acts in Bugis and Sumimasen in Japanese (Pragmatic Study)

This research investigates the level of politeness exhibited by Tabe in Bugis and Sumimasen in Japanese. The researchers do a contrastive analysis to examine the differences and similarities between Tabe in Bugis and Sumimasen in Japanese, which encompasses the act of begging and the pragmatic aspect of politeness. This research uses a contrastive descriptive qualitative methodology, in which the data consists of elaborate qualitative information rather than numerical values. This data is examined by using two distinct approaches, specifically descriptive and contrastive data analysis. The findings of this investigation in the term "tabe" holds significant symbolism in Bugis language and culture, serving as a means to kindly and respectfully request permission. By strategic use of "tabe" in appropriate circumstances, individuals can demonstrate profound gratitude and courtesy towards others, enhance social connections, and uphold societal harmony. Likewise, the use of "sumimasen" in Japan underscores cultural principles that emphasize courtesy, modesty, and social concord. The word is employed in several contexts to apologise, request assistance, or convey appreciation, and serves to sustain positive relationships and prevent conflict in daily contacts.

К ВОПРОСУ О ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ИНОЯЗЫЧНОЙ ТЕКСТОВОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ

The article is devoted to the characterization of textual competence as a complex linguistic ability integrating language experience in various types of speech activity. As a result of the analysis, the content and structure of the concept of «textual competence» are characterized, the stages of its formation are revealed. Textual competence is considered in the work as an independent competence that is not part of a more general communicative competence. The study emphasizes the mastery of textual competence as a basic elementary cultural skill. The key role of textual competence in the processes of personal socialization and intercultural communication is due to the consideration of the communication process as the implementation of a language system in texts. The foundations of textuality as a set of inherent text parameters are analyzed. In the structure of textual competence, knowledge of the language system, language units and the rules of their combination are highlighted, as well as mechanisms for generating speech utterance, taking into account communicative tasks, due to the nature of the communicative situation. The complex nature of textual competence is revealed, due to the multidimensional nature of the text as a linguistic phenomenon. The research material confirms that the formation of foreign language textual competence in the process of learning a foreign language is aimed not only at developing students’ skills to work with foreign language texts, but also intercultural competence.

Speech Acts of Advising in Selected News Texts about Coronavirus

After the invading of Coronavirus in 2019 in China, The world Health Organization has declared this virus as a pandemic. The virus outbreaks among countries terrifying manner which makes governments take some quick decisions to stop it. Government all over the world employes TV channels and media to deliver instructions and advices to their peoples. But, this time the advice and instructions are different in style and language, since there is a crisis which may destroy the whole country, as what has happened in Ital pandemicly. Therefore, the speech act of advising which is used under this circumstances is a bit different for imposing more emphasis to face that danger. Advising people needs to be more directive and imperative. This study hypothesizes that under serious crisis, speech act of advice tends to be more directive and imperative to make the language receiver takes the advice in his/her consideration. This study tries to answer the following question: Do strategies in performing speech act of advice under a common crisis differ between government and Tv Channels? The study analyses ten texts from two different news channels. The first five texts are taken from Kurdistan 24 Channel and the other five are taken from BBC NEWS Channel. The study reaches to the findings that under serious crisis, there is no difference between western and esteran government in the strategies used to direct their people. In both channels, the speech act of advice tends to be direct and imperative more than other strategies to express it.

Illocutionary Speech Acts on Stickers as Promotional Media of Mangroves Ecotourism in Bangkalan, Madura

The primary goal of this research is to find the lingual forms and meanings of the language in vehicle stickers used as promotional media to increase ecotourism possibilities throughout the Mangroves Ecotourism area of Bangkalan by means of illocutionary speech acts. In this research, the descriptive and qualitative research methods were used. The data for this research came from a form of vehicle sticker that was first investigated to promote Mangrove Ecotourism in Bangkalan, Madura. The following Mangrove Ecotourism sites were included in this research: Labuhan Mangrove Education Park Bangkalan, Mangrove Martajasah, and Mangrove Tajungan, Kamal. The research carried out adopted George Yule's pragmatic theory and J.R Searle's illocutionary speech act as the theoretical framework, which provides a good explanation of the representative speech act, directive speech act, expressive speech act, commissive speech act, and declarative speech act. Then, concluded that directive speech act plays a major form of this research’s finding and discussion and representative speech act as the second form whose type is commonly used in the sticker as promotional media.

Speech Act Analysis of Harry and Meghan’s Interview with Oprah Winfrey on CBS Morning News Show

This article is aimed at finding out types of illocutionary acts found in one of the most shocking viral interviews in the world, that is the interview with the royal family of former member, Harry and Meghan Markle interviewed by Oprah Winfrey, with amount of viewership of 4.79 million viewers when it first shows on air. This research is framed within mixed-method approach where the results of the study are in the form of an overview of what is said (illocutionary acts) by the three main subjects, namely Harry, Meghan, and Oprah and the percentage of each type of illocutionary acts. Data analysis was conducted through the analysis of interview videos along with the transcripts, simple statistical analysis and is supported by literature study. The results of the current study show that from 319 data of 644 sentences indicated as illocutionary acts. From those findings, it can be categorized that there are five types of illocutionary acts were found in an interview, they are 63% assertive, 27% directives, 0,6% commissive, 7,3% expressive, and 0,3% declarative. In other words, assertive is found to be the dominant type of illocutionary acts. In addition, of the 319 data, 295 data are categorized as direct speech act and 24 data are indicated as indirect speech act. In short, illocutionary acts of assertive type and direct speech acts are found to be more dominant in Harry and Meghan interview with Oprah Winfrey.

Micro- and Macrostructural Language Features in Vertebrobasilar or Carotid System Stroke Without Diagnosis of Aphasia.

This study aimed to investigate the macro- and microstructural features of language in patients with ischemic stroke without aphasia. Participants were grouped according to arterial system damage and given the Aphasia Language Assessment Test (ADD) to detect aphasia. A narrative sample was obtained and analyzed for macrostructural and microstructural features of the language. The study sample consisted of 31 participants with ischemic stroke (15 vertebrobasilar system [VBS] involvement and 16 carotid system [CS] involvement) and 31 healthy participants, totaling 62 individuals. The healthy control group scored higher than the stroke group on the microstructural feature type-token ratio and mean length of utterance in the narrative analysis and on the auditory comprehension, repetition, naming, grammar, speech act, and writing subtests in ADD. Effort behavior, errors, edits, repetitions, and pauses among microstructural features and uncertainty, filler expression, and anomia among macrostructural features were significantly higher in the vertebrobasilar and CS groups than in the healthy control group. The total ADD score and speech fluency and reading subtest scores were significantly higher in individuals with VBS damage than in individuals with CS lesions (p < .05). Language components may be impaired differently in patients with carotid and vertebrobasilar lesions. Speech and language disorders in individuals who have experienced cerebrovascular accidents should be evaluated in the subacute and chronic phases, and the therapeutic needs of patients with ischemic stroke should be determined, regardless of the presence of a clinical aphasia diagnosis.

How language teachers can go beyond speech etiquette: Adapting L2 Russian coursebooks to improve pragmatic competence

Within the field of RKI – russkij kak inostrannyj ‘Russian as a Foreign Language/L2 Russian’, so far little attention has been paid to teaching pragmatic competence, as the issues of language in context are traditionally covered by the subject rečevoj ėtiket ‘speech etiquette’, leaving pragmatics an underexplored field.The present study aims to analyze whether and to what extent current L2 Russian textbooks introduce topics related to pragmatics and, if so, how the existing material can be adapted to improve explicit instruction of pragmatic competence.The analysis was conducted on two handbooks of Russian rečevoj ėtiket ‘speech etiquette’ for L2 learners and a series of four textbooks designed for L1 Italian learners. Data analysis confirms the global tendency for textbooks to provide scarce to null meta-pragmatic explanations. The coursebooks were then searched for elements related to the speech act of request, and the materials were adapted to fit explicit pragmatic instruction. The material adaptations proposed in the current study are based on previous research on Russian pragmatics and L2 pragmatics and aim to overcome the ethno-nationalistic perspective of speech etiquette toward a more transnational Russophone context. Implications for teacher education are presented.

Perceptions on the Influence of English Language Proficiency on Students’ Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Rorya District Council

This study examines perceptions of the influence of English language proficiency on students' academic performance in Public Secondary Schools in Rorya District, Tanzania. The study utilizes a mixed research approach and descriptive survey design. The study targeted DSEO, Heads of Schools, teachers, and students, with a sample of 61 respondents selected through stratified and random sampling methods. Primary and secondary data were gathered via interviews and questionnaires, ensuring the study's validity and reliability. Ethical considerations, including voluntary participation and confidentiality, were rigorously upheld. The findings reveal that effective school-based English programs, such as debates and speech activities, enhance students' language skills and academic performance. Additionally, consistent and dedicated teaching of English contributes positively to students' comprehension and achievements. The study underscores the critical role of English proficiency in educational outcomes and recommends expanding English language programs, regular teacher training, and interactive learning methods to improve academic results

Illocutionary Speech Acts in Sawér Poetry of the Sundanese Ethnic Traditional Marriage Ceremony

The lyrics contained in every nyawér ceremony certainly have meaning and a message. This research aims to determine the type of speech of each stanza of poetry and to understand the meaning contained inward. This research adopts descriptive qualitative methods with a cultural approach. The research data were taken from a Sundanese sawér poetry by Mr. Tahyan from Ciamis consisting of 9 stanzas. Each stanza, consisting of several lines of poetry, was analyzed using Searle's speech act theory to determine the type of speech and pragmatic manifestations. The cultural approach was used to strengthen the analysis. This was because the speech in the sawér poetry of the wedding ceremony is very closely related to the culture of a region, in this case, the Sundanese ethnic group. The results of the research show that the types of speech in Sundanese sawér poetry consist of 2 directive illocutionary speech acts meaning requests and hopes; 3 directive illocutionary acts meaning prohibitions and warnings; 2 directive illocutionary commands and suggestions; 1 assertive illocutionary meaning statement, and 1 assertive illocutionary act that means hopeful. The meaning contained in the sawér poetry is advice for the newlyweds to enter married life through religious norms and social norms so that they can live it well and achieve happiness.

Political self-praise in Clinton–Trump presidential debates

The speech act of political self-praise has received scant attention in East Asian contexts, unlike other speech acts. This study aims to explore the strategies of self-praise used by Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. The 2016 US presidential debates were analysed quantitatively to examine if there are any differences in using self-praise strategies. This was followed by a qualitative analysis to explore how these strategies are linguistically realised. Three main self-praise strategies were used: unmodified explicit self-praise, modified explicit self-praise and indirect self-praise. Within the third category, the data revealed a new self-praise strategy, which we called “criticism-based self-praise”. Moreover, the findings highlighted differences in using self-praise strategies in American political discourse. While Trump employed unmodified explicit self-praise more than his opponent, Clinton used modified explicit self-praise strategies far more than Trump. Trump, however, adopted implicit self-praise strategies more than Clinton. Differences could be attributed to gender stereotypes as well as the candidates’ experience and personality. The study may help East Asian people better understand American political discourse, presidential debates in particular.

Analyzing Expressive Speech Acts in The Late Late Show with James Corden

The Late Late program with James Corden, a prominent late-night talk program, is a great resource for studying expressive speech acts. This study aims to analyze the types of expressive speech acts performed by James Corden in The Late Late Show with James Corden. In this study, the researchers used a qualitative descriptive research method using the Searle and vanderveken (1985) theory to analyze a total of 32 utterances from the last episode of the show, which are included in the types of expressive speech acts, such as 1 data of Apologize, 4 data of Thank, 1 data of Condole, 3 data of Complain, 4 data of Lament, 5 data of Protest, 1 data of Deplore, 1 data of Boast, 5 data of Compliment, 4 data of Welcome and 3 data of Greet. The results show that, James Corden uses various expressive speech acts to interact with the audience and guests, so as to create a lively and fun atmosphere. The findings contribute to the understanding of expressive speech acts in the context of talk shows and show the importance of language in shaping social interactions and relationships.

Can We Call the Speech Acts of Heroes who Bounce Back from Defeat Ultimatives?

In animated films and video games, there is always a scene where the heroes bounce back from defeat and charge the villains with a final strike. I argue that this particular scene has a specific speech act – ultimative. To prove this claim, I employed apostrophe as a dramatic device by Wagener (1931), speech act markers by Zeevat (2003), speech act formula by Pawley (2009), and invocation by Frankfurter (2019) on twenty titles of animated films and video games to indicate the presence of ultimatives. The findings indicate that ultimatives have distinctive traits. Speech act markers of sudden changes of speech and narratives, pathic speech act markers, and speech act markers of invocation construct them. The combination of these three elements constructs the speech act of ultimatives. I also found that ultimatives in animated films and video games have different functions due to different characteristics and features of the media. In animated films, ultimatives function as a narrative marker indicating that ultimatives signify the plot progression and rationalization. In video games, ultimatives function not only as a narrative marker but also as mechanical marker. Functioning as a mechanical marker indicates that ultimatives require the players to perform certain mechanical interactions through button configuration to bounce back from possible game over. Narrative designers of both animated films and video games could employ the results of this study as a consideration in designing dramatic battle scenes that contain apostrophes to evoke narrative engagement from the audiences and gamers.