Activities In Lithuania Research Articles

Architects from Different Fields of Activities in Lithuania and their Specific Mindsets

Abstract The paper focuses on the heterogeneity of the Lithuanian architects’ community across different fields of practice, including building design, building design and other projects, urban design, interior design, and other underrepresented design or non-design activities. It is based on a sociological survey involving 450 practising architects in Lithuania. The study identifies the distinct attitudes of each activity group towards architecture, architectural practice, and professional paths, generalises the profiles of these activity groups, and detects shared similarities or discrepancies among them. Architects involved in building design and those working on building design and other projects tend to share similar attitudes, forming the foundational worldview of the architectural community due to their quantitative prevalence. Interior designers and architects engaged in underrepresented design or non-design activities demonstrate relatively autonomous approaches. The latter group may either stand-alone or cluster with urban designers. The divergences in attitudes may lead to miscommunication within the professional community.

The Architectural Activity in Lithuania During the First Soviet Occupation (1940–1941)

During the first Soviet occupation of Lithuania, which lasted from June 1940 to June 1941, gradual changes were planned to be implemented in the country’s field of architecture. Although the occupation was short and lasted only a year, the design structure was changed according to the Soviet model, many architectural ideas were planned to be implemented, and a number of design projects of the new buildings were developed. Therefore, this article, based mainly on archival and historical material, analyses the architectural activity and the peculiarities of this process that took place in Lithuania during the first Soviet occupation.

Assessing the provision of innovative technologies for the growth of corporate social responsibility in Lithuania

The object of this study is the assessment of the provision of innovative technologies for the growth of corporate social responsibility by types of economic activity in Lithuania. In the course of the research, the problem of determining the level of provision of corporate social responsibility with innovative technologies as a factor of its growth was solved; establishing a benchmark for the regularity of the growth of corporate social responsibility by types of economic activity in Lithuania. As a result of the study, an integral indicator of the provision of innovative technologies for the growth of corporate social responsibility by types of economic activity in Lithuania was obtained, which does not correspond to the reference model of the pattern of growth for each. The peculiarity of this study is the comprehensive approach, which takes into account the multi-component content of corporate social responsibility, its relationship with internal and external elements of the socio-economic system, namely its growth, based on the use of innovative technologies. A distinctive feature of the results, owing to which they made it possible to solve the set tasks, is multidimensionality, that is, the structure, dynamics, relationship of the research object were taken into account, quantitative and qualitative indicators were used, and a complex methodological toolkit of matrix business modeling. The results of the study make it possible to determine in practice the level of assurance of the growth of corporate social responsibility by innovative technologies. Taking into account deviations from the reference model of growth patterns, make decisions about the introduction of certain types of innovative technologies in certain components of corporate social responsibility.

Nowcasting Economic Activity Using Electricity Market Data: The Case of Lithuania

Traditional forecasting methods usually rely on historical macroeconomic indicators with significant delays. To address this problem, new opportunities for economic modeling and forecasting are emerging by using real-time data and making nowcasting of economic activity. This research aims to assess the usefulness of electricity market data to nowcast the economic activity in Lithuania. Various MIDAS regression models are used to nowcast nine monthly macroeconomic indicators. In general, electricity market indicators are useful to nowcast certain macroeconomic indicators. Electricity consumption is the most useful among electricity market indicators and brings benefits when nowcasting imports, industrial production, consumer confidence, wholesale and retail trade, and the repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles. Electricity production is beneficial in nowcasting the industrial production. Meanwhile, electricity price is useful for nowcasting exports, exports of goods of Lithuanian origin, imports, and industrial production. Meanwhile, electricity market data do not improve the prediction of the unemployment rate, economic sentiment indicator, and CPI-based consumer price in comparison with an autoregressive model.

The elements of museum digitization procedure: a case study of Lithuanian museums

ABSTRACT Digital technologies are no longer the newest innovative invention but have become daily necessities in museums. This article explores museums’ digitalization elements and their association with other museum activities in Lithuania in order to understand technology usage in museums’ daily activities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine Lithuanian national and state museums, and qualitative content analysis was adopted for data analysis. The main elements related to digitization in the museum are operations, human resources, organizational structure, objectives, and motives. In Lithuanian national-level museums, digitization did not directly replace existing museum activities nor establish a new policy.

ЮРИЙ АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ НОВИКОВ

The article reveals the major milestones of the academic life of the recently deceased famous folklorist Yurii Alexandrovich Novikov, a distinguished specialist and thoughtful textual critic of Russian oral epic poems (byliny), who authored several monographs on the subject. Although after the collapse of the Soviet Union Novikov became a Lithuanian citizen, he continued his studies in the field of Russian folklore until the end of his life. Novikov collaborated in publications of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom) of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, particularly in the «Byliny» series of the Svod russkogo folklora (Code of Russian folklore). The article provides a brief description of Novikov’s scholarly works and highlights his folklore collecting activities in Lithuania and Estonia

The association between physical activity and psychological well-being in a sample of medicine and health sciences students: a pilot study

Currently, the global physical activity guidelines are based on reducing the risk for mental disorders. More physical activity can decrease the risk for depression by up to 45%. Nevertheless, students of medicine and health sciences are more likely to develop a depression or an anxiety disorder and there is inconsistent evidence regarding the association between self-reported physical activity levels and depressive symptoms in adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlates of anxiety, depression and habitual physical activity in medicine and health sciences students. A questionnaire survey method was employed to carry out this research in March 2020. In all, students (n = 174) of medicine and health sciences of Vilnius University were investigated. Based on present study data, 51.7% of the subjects did not get enough regular physical activity in Lithuania. Almost every third student was diagnosed with case-level anxiety and 4.6% of persons were found with case-level depression. The association between the habitual physical activity and anxiety disorder and/or depression prevalence in medicine and health students could not be explained by the total physical activity score (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.9; p = 0.914 and AOR 0.7; p = 0.695) or the separate scores of the components such as work index (AOR 2.8; p = 0.201 and AOR 5.4; p = 0.127), sport index (AOR 0.8; p = 0.711 and AOR 1; p = 0.963), leisure-time index of physical activity (AOR 0.7; p = 0.37 and AOR 0.6; p = 0.541).

Benefits of Quality Management Standards in Organizations

The main motives for implementing standards are external and internal. External motives are related with aims to enter new markets, export new goods, meet customer requirements, achieve better corporate image, gain market share, or increase customer satisfaction. Internal motives occur when the organization itself wants to improve the internal system and when processes and benefits depend on the internal motives of the organization. In order to disclose the benefits of quality standards, an empirical study was conducted with quality representatives from organizations in different fields of business activity in Lithuania. The research aimed to investigate what quality management systems prevail in organizations and to reveal the motives and benefits of implementation. The empirical study found that after the implementation of quality management standards (QMS), the quality level improved; the number of incidents and defects (complaints) decreased; employee involvement and perception of quality increased; company profits increased; customer satisfaction increased; and company management was improved.

Profile of the Small-Scale Farms Willing to Cooperate—Evidence from Lithuania

Cooperatives cover a large part of the agricultural sectors and have substantial market shares in agri-food supply chains in the EU Western countries. They account for approximately half of agricultural trade in the EU. By contrast, in the EU Western countries, where farmer cooperatives are widespread and successful, agricultural cooperation in Lithuania has developed intermittently in the last century. We still have very limited knowledge of why the country’s agricultural producers (especially smallholder farmers) are reluctant to cooperate in Lithuania. The aim of this study is to assess the level of the willingness to cooperate among smallholder farmers in Lithuania and to draw up the profiles of small-scale farms that participate in and intend to join cooperatives and, conversely, that do not participate in cooperatives and do not intend to do so. To achieve this goal, a representative survey of small-scale farms was conducted. Results of surveys carried out in 2019 in Lithuania on a group of 1002 small-scale farms showed that only 8% of the surveyed farms participate in producer groups or cooperatives, while another 8% intend to participate. Small-scale farms in Lithuania have weak market integration, with no bargaining power on input and output markets. The vast majority of small-scale farms are reluctant to participate in cooperative activities in Lithuania. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the profile of a small farm that tends to cooperate. The main social characteristics of farm managers and economic factors of farms willing to cooperate have been identified.

Policeman’s competence as a component of his administrative and legal status: experience of the Baltic countries and the USA

Problem setting. The priority of law enforcement agencies of any developed country is to ensure law and order, protect individuals, society and the state from crime, and combat crime. These functions stand out among others in the regulatory framework and are the starting point for the activities of the country's law enforcement system. However, it is fair to say that the extent to which primary and secondary police powers are exercised varies considerably across countries. The level of its efficiency depends on it to a greater extent. Having embarked on the path of European integration, Ukraine has adopted a lot of new things into the legal basis of the National Police of Ukraine, however, there is a need for further implementation of legal norms in national legislation. Target of research. The purpose of the study is to analyze the police powers in the United States, Ukraine and the Baltic countries, the search for new models of policing for further implementation in Ukrainian legislation. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Significant contribution to the study of the organization and legal support of policing in the world, its importance in ensuring public safety, areas of strategic development of the police have made such scientists as Bugaychuk K. L., Chumak V. V, Mashutina E. V., Filstein M. V. etc. Article’s main body. Police activities in Ukraine, first of all, is regulated by the Law of Ukraine «On the National Police» (02.07. 2015). It defines the principles of police activity, the police system, the measures applied by police officers, police powers, etc. Police powers are disclosed in the regulations quite fully and clearly, there is a division into basic, due to the appointment of a police body, and additional, which can be determined only by law. Nevertheless, the problem lies in the uncertainty of these powers given the police system. Given problems related to the normative component of policing, it is appropriate and relevant to refer to the foreign practice of the police, in particular to identify some features of their competence. We suggest that police competence is understood as a set of rights and responsibilities of a police officer, as well as the services provided by him. Analysing the experience of the Latvian police, it is necessary to note the differentiation of the police body depending on the field of activity and direct subordination. The Latvian police system has the following police units: the State Police, the Security Police, the Self-Government Police and the Port Police. Police activity in Lithuania has certain features of the stages of reforming the Lithuanian police such as depoliticization, professional development of the law enforcement system, active fight against corruption, provision of law enforcement services to the population, cooperation with the European community, deepening integration processes of internal security. Conclusions and prospects for the development. It is appropriate to establish a legal definition of each structural unit of the police and their main powers, as well as to propose the division of police powers depending on their rights, responsibilities and services. Specific changes should concern both the Law of Ukraine «On the National Police» and bylaws, in particular the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of 04.06.2007 «On approval of the list of paid services provided by units … of the National Police», the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of 28.10.2015. «On approval of the Regulations on the National Police».

В поисках утраченного: литуанистика первой четверти ХХ века

Библиотека журнала "Филологические науки" Все подробности в разделе "Книжная полка" You are here Home » Archive » 2021 In search of the lost: Lituanistica of the first quarter of the 20th century Правка P.A. Ambrosovich, V.N. Bazylev UDC 811.172 https://doi.org/10.20339/PhS.5-21.137 Ambrosovich Peter A., Member of the Belarusian Public and Cultural Partnership (St. Petersburg) e-mail: ambrasovitsh@mail.ru Bazylev Vladimir N., Doctor of Philology, Professor, National Research University “Higher School of Economics” e-mail: v-bazylev@inbox.ru The article is devoted to the historiography of the post-revolutionary linguistics in Russia: research on lithuanistics, restoration of forgotten names of those Russian scientists who contributed to the development of Lithuanian linguistics in the first quarter of the XX century. In this context, we are interested in the activities of the little-mentioned and almost forgotten researcher Nikolai Sokolov (1875–1923), a full member of the Lithuanian Scientific Society since June 27, 1912. N. Sokolov’s scientific legacy is very fragmentary. So, today we can talk only about the reconstruction of his activities in Lithuania, for which the authors used in their study receiving Sokolov’s self-description of his own work , based on three variants of the list of “Lithuanian” (i.e. in the Lithuanian language and about Lithuania) publications: N. Sokolov’s letter to Nikolai Durnovo, dated 6 November 1918, N. Sokolov’s сurriculum vitae from 1909 and 1921, and obituary written upon N. Sokolov’s death, by N. Durnovo from June 2, 1923.

ANDRAGOGO ORGANIZATORIAUS VAIDMUO TOBULINANT PEDAGOGŲ KVALIFIKACIJĄ

The importance of constant improvement of teachers and andragogue organiser’s professionalism is revealed, advantages and issues of the link between teachers’ qualification development and andragogue organiser’s activity is highlighted to analyse and justify the andragogue organiser’s role in the sphere of teachers’ qualification development. The first part of the article discusses the conception of teachers’ qualification development based on the aspects of professionalism, reveals diversity of andragogue organiser’s activities and multi-functionality in the sphere of teachers’ qualification development. The second part of the article analyses educational documents that regulate teachers’ development activity and andragogues’ professional activity, reviews the state of teachers’ qualification development, carried out research and recognition of andragogue’s professional activity in Lithuania. Justified conception of teachers’ qualification development, revealed diversity and multi-functionality of andragogue’s activities and proven importance of andragogue organiser’s professionalism to ensure the quality of teachers’ qualification reveals theoretical novelty and significance of this article.

Evaluation of Gambling Sector Activity in Lithuania, Latvia, Slovak Republic and Czech Republic

Research background: Gambling is a specific activity that has an undoubtful impact on the national economies, however the evaluation of this sector still has been analysed very little by economists. This article comparatively analyses the peculiarities of the gambling sector activity in Lithuania, Latvia, Slovak Republic and Czech Republic in the period from 2015 to 2020. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to evaluate the activity of the gambling sector in Lithuania, Latvia, Slovak Republic and Czech Republic. Methods: The following methods are used in the article: comparative analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and legal acts, analysis of graphical and statistical data. Findings & Value added: An analysis of scientific literature and legal acts revealed that definition of gambling is defined differently and in some countries certain types of gambling are not even considered as gambling or does not exist. The evaluation revealed that during 2015-2019 the highest AAGR of the gambling sector’s GGR was in Latvia (11.09%) and in 2019 Latvia also had the highest GGR per inhabitant 199 Eur. On the contrary, during 2017-2019 in the Czech Republic AAGR of the gambling sector’s GGR was -5.63% and in 2019 GGR per inhabitant (39.51 Eur) was the lowest. According to the mentioned statistical data, total GGR and the population size, Latvia has one of the largest gambling sector in the evaluated countries, so gambling sector in other countries still has great potential to growth. Although because of COVID-19 Latvia experienced huge losses of GGR, Slovak Republic online gambling sector showed a great potential to grow and it can be assumed that in Lithuania online gambling sector didn’t took over all of the potential revenue from land-based gambling sector.

The Determinants of External Engagement of Hard Scientists: A Study of Generational and Country Differences in Europe

In the context of transformation of the higher education landscape by Knowledge Society imperatives, there is an increase in academics’ external engagement, especially in the fields of hard sciences. This trend is noticeable in various European countries with different higher education models, but rather limited knowledge in understanding the generational influence on external engagement of academics exists, taking into account the broad range of external engagement activities. The aim of this paper is to examine generational differences by conducting cross-country analyses (N = 976) across different European countries and higher education models. The findings show that there is a trend towards academics’ engagement in spin-off/start-up creation in Finland, volunteer-based activities in Slovenia, teaching-related activities in Portugal and consultancy activities in Lithuania and in additional also is evidence for generational differences in academics’ external engagement. The logistic regression shows positive relationship between consolidate generation academics and patenting/licensing activities, younger generation and spin-off/start-up creation as well as intermediate generation and giving public lectures/speeches and producing publications for broader society.

Financial distress and real economic activity in Lithuania: a Granger causality test based on mixed-frequency VAR

In this paper, we extend the monthly financial stress index for Lithuania, computed by the European Central Bank, to a daily frequency and we also include banking sector stress among its constituents, beyond bond, equity and foreign exchange markets. We investigate the causal relationship between the daily financial stress index and monthly industrial production growth, using a Granger causality test applied to a mixed-frequency VAR. Our results suggest evidence of Granger causality from financial stress to industrial production growth once the index is enriched by daily observations from the financial markets. Our findings, based on impulse response analysis, confirm the negative effect of financial stress on real economy found in the empirical literature through common frequency analysis. Finally, the comparison between common and mixed frequency analysis suggests that ignoring the information content of daily data would lead to a mild temporal aggregation bias that could affect the evaluation of financial stress shocks on industrial production.

Counselling at School: A Comparison of the Work Characteristics of School Counselling Professionals in Four Different Countries

The technological revolution, the ever-changing economic and political conditions, and the resulting changes in life and work environments impede career planning for young people and pose challenges for career counselors in career orientation. Nowadays, career counselors have to not only assist students in planning and implementing individual, social, academic, and career goals, but they must also help the school community to ensure the effective functioning of schools in general. There is a lack of studies focusing on various aspects of career counselors’ professional activities, with the existing studies providing inconsistent or even contradictory results. Another problem lies in the huge gap between the theoretical, methodological, and methodical career counseling models and real counseling experience. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing and comparing the characteristics of career counselors’ professional activities in Lithuania, Italy, Greece, and Ireland. The study was part of the project “Strategies to Utilise and Cultivate Positive Characteristics & Employability Skills in Schools” (SUCCESS, 2017-12-LT01-KA201-035247).In total, 289 school career counselors from Lithuania, Italy, Ireland, and Greece were surveyed. Most of the participants (90 percent) were female, and their age varied between 25 and 60 years. In all countries, the professional experience of career counseling varied between 1 and 10 years.The results of this study revealed that across different countries, career professionals with different educational backgrounds perform career counseling. In Lithuania, career counselors are mainly psychologists, in Italy – teachers, in Ireland – consultants, and in Greece – teachers, psychologists, and consultants that carry out career counselling. The results have also shown that in all these countries career counselors perform various career counseling activities: career information, career assessment, career education, and career consulting using (non)psychological methods, although the frequency of these activities and the subjective readiness for them is different across countries. The counselors in all countries are satisfied with their jobs. Despite the existing differences in needs for professional development, all counselors expressed a higher-than-average need to develop their career counseling competencies.

Potential risks and some of solutions for implementing LA 21 in Lithuania

Lithuania together with Latvia and Estonia are the countries considered to be a common Baltic Sea Region due to similar economical and political situation formed in the course of history during the Soviet occupation. All three East Baltic States are currently undergoing remarkable political, economical, socio- cultural changes, which started after the Independence has been regained. Although Local Agenda 21 has already been developed for a large number of cities in the Baltic Sea Region, Lithuania hasn't Agenda 21 strategy at the national level and its experience with Agenda's 21 implementation is very limited. In May, I 999, Zvejone (Environmental Club, part of Lithuanian Green Movement) has started project "Agenda's 21 activities in Lithuania" which lately concluded that despite various documents, resolutions, and action plans for implementation of Agenda 21 in Lithuania, almost nothing concrete is done at the national level and there is no national policy on Agenda 21 in Lithuania. Only two cities in Lithuania, Kaunas and Klaipeda, are participating in international cooperation projects and preparing together with international partners Local Agendas 21 for their cities. In general the LA21 knowledge is at quite low level. One of the reasons of that is that the authorities and citizens did not receive sufficient information about the Rio documents since the these documents were not in time translated and published. There is lack of training officials who are working to implement sustainable development strategies at local level. Ministry of Environmental Protection does not provide with guidelines for local level.

Psichologijos institucionalizacija Lietuvoje: žvilgsnis iš valstybės 100-mečio perspektyvos

Different sides of the development of psychology as a science, a teaching subject and a professional activity in Lithuania during the 100-year period are analyzed and discussed. This analysis is performed in the context of the institutionalization of the modern Lithuania. The three main premises of the development of psychology in Lithuania are revealed: the sociopolitical and economical context of state, the influence of the global field of psychology and the activities of the enthusiasts of profession. The extent of development of psychology in Lituania during the different periods of Lithuanian history of last 100 years of its existance is evaluated according to 10 criteria of recognizing the profession: 1) Social need; 2) State regulation of the profession; 3) Legislative basis of the profession; 4) Trust by society and authority; 5) Control of professional competence; 6) Being included in a classification of scienes and a scientific studies system; 7) Education (teaching and training) of the profession; 8) Professional and scientiffic communication (journals, conferences); 9) Values and professional ethics; 10) Professional self-regulation (professional NGO). The development of psychology in Lithuania can be divided in stages according to the context of the modern state’s development events: 1) Before the year 1918 (the period of arousal and enlightenment in psychological culture); 2) The years 1918–1940 (start of the institutionalization of psychology in the First Republic of Lithuania); 3) The years 1940–1944 (an empty, topsyturvy-esque or confused of social and economical life stage during the Second World War); 4) The years 1945–1988 (an unsettled stage of training and researches in psychology with stabilization after when psychologists were begun to be educated at Vilnius University in 1969); 5) The years 1989–2018 (a dissociation from the Russian academic field of psychology and an independent development with the rising ifluence of Western academic psychological influences). The names of the main enthusiasts of the institutionalization of psychology in Lithuania during the five listed stages are presented. The main persons from this list were Alfonsas Gucas (1907–1988), Jonas Vabalas-Gudaitis (1881–1955), Vladas Lazersonas (1889–1945) and Juvencijus Lapė (1925–1911). The main conclusion of paper is that psychology in Lithuania, during the 100-year period, was developed according to all 10 criteria; it was reasonably adapted to the national state culture and infrastructure. In other words, at the present time, we can speak and write not only about the development of psychology in Lithuania but about a Lithuanian psychology – a nationally indigenized profession. Eleven features of indeginized psychology are also listed.

Multilingualism in Audiovisual Texts for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audience

SummaryA great variety of original audiovisual (AV) texts such as films, television series, teletext, videogames, live performances may include more than one language as an outcome of the director’s initial intension. The producers of the AV texts tend to portray specific cultural aspects with different linguistic variations, which are also related to particular stylistic, pragmatic or discursive functions. In certain cases, translators of such AV texts face serious challenges. One of the thorny problems arises with the adaptation of the multilingual AV texts to the deaf and hard of hearing audience. Different strategies and methods of employing the multilingual AV texts for the needs of the deaf and hard of hearing audience have been adopted in various countries; however, nowadays Lithuania has only taken its first steps in developing a unified system of working out translating and subtitling strategies of the AV texts in general. This article aims at discovering professional translation and subtitling practices along with the norms, criteria and strategies of this specific translation activity in Lithuania and abroad. Firstly, the existing overseas reality of the translation and subtitling of multilingual AV texts is described and afterwards the tendencies within the Lithuanian adaptations of AV texts are discussed.

INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT COMPANIES IN THE BALTIC COUNTRIES: INTERNATIONALIZATION MOTIVES AND BARRIERS

Internationalization of companies is a necessity on purpose to play an active role in the international market and maintain a competitive advantage. The presented paper aims to reveal barriers and motives for a company‘s internationalization in the Baltic countries. The perceptions of internationalized and non-internationalized firms were assessed. The paper reveals the main motives and barriers of foreign transport and logistics companies for internationalization. All the Baltic countries compete for DFI and seek to demonstrate that they are ideal locations for foreign transport and logistics companies to establish an enterprise or choose another internationalization mode.
 
 The authors disclosed why service firms internationalize to the Baltic countries. The main attractiveness factors of the transport and logistics market in the Baltic countries, internationalization motives and barriers were compared. The framework has been approved by Scandinavian and Central European transport companies that have expanded their business in the Baltic countries. Theoretical and empirical results are beneficial for transport companies seeking to internationalize their activities in Lithuania, Latvia or Estonia.