Action In Iraq Research Articles

The role of some monetary and financial policy indicators in developing gross domestic product growth: An analytical and measurement study in Iraq

We aim to show the basic features of monetary variables and the nature of the work of monetary policy instruments, and to try to keep pace with the changes that accompanied the action of this policy for the period between 2000–2022. We find that economic stagnation negatively affects economic growth, with increasing bottlenecks affecting the economy in the short term in Iraq. However, elucidating the fundamental characteristics of monetary variables and functioning of monetary policy indicators, such as the money supply, exchange rate, and interest rate, remains a complex task. We used the standard and analytical approach for the results established for monetary policy, the general framework, and analysis of tools, gross domestic product, economic growth, and the impact of monetary policy on economic activity in Iraq for the highest, medium, and low. Through the research, results, the independent variables have a positive effect on the dependent variable that is, increasing the gross domestic product (GDP) for a previous period by one-unit leads to an increase in the gross domestic product (GDP). According to these data, the study presented the necessity of working with monetary policy in Iraq in a way that increases the growth of the gross domestic product. Therefore, it is necessary for monetary policy to work to control the monetary mass by achieving a balanced proportion between the monetary mass and the gross domestic product in order to reach balance between real and cash.

Investigating the possibility of using date kernel ash as supplementary cementitious material in sustainable concrete

The cultivation of dates from palm trees is an important economic activity in Iraq. Date production forms a significant part of the country's agricultural sector, contributing to both local consumption and export markets. The date industry supports many livelihoods and businesses in Iraq. The total number of fertile palm trees in Iraq is over 22 million. In the production of pitted dates, date molasses, date paste and date confectionery, a significant amount of date pits are usually discarded as waste. This study reports chemical analysis investigations conducted to evaluate the potential use of waste date kernel ash (DKA) compared with other pozzolanic material which is fly ash (FA) from bricks factory, tow samples obtained as a partial cement replacement in concrete, the first sample by the calcination of date pits at 500 °C for 4 hours then cooling and continue calcination at 600 °C for 2 hours, and the second sample by calcination at 500 °C for 4 hours. The results of (XRF) tests showed that DKA has low silica oxide and does not qualify as a pozzolanic material compared with a high silica oxide of FA.

The impact of government intervention on economic activity in Iraq according to the army curve model

The impact of government intervention on economic activity in Iraq according to the army curve model

Modern Methods Used in Enterprise Resource Planning About the Business of International and Iraqi Commercial Companies

The concept of enterprise resource planning depends on knowledge and the production of knowledge and its optimal use to determine the nature of the economy and its activities and means. Plan and expand the resources, methods, and techniques used in these activities. Research, planning, and development are important factors in the economy, and countries seek to invest in this important activity to achieve a renewable and diversified source of research and development. The economic institutions of these countries have become a window to get rid of surplus production that exceeds the need of the local market to be able to create a future vision for the possibilities of advancing this activity and its vital role for the economy and society. For it to be a model that can be applied, followed, and benefited from in drawing a picture of a bright role in an effective economic activity, despite the difficulty of obtaining some data and indicators related to this important activity in Iraq and some of them. This led to an increase in the volume of international competition based on product quality and lower costs and prices.

Analysis of Thunderstorm Activity in Iraq and Turkey

Relevance of the work. The article deals with the analysis of thunderstorm activity in Iraq and Turkey. A comparison of thunderstorm activity in the areas of location of 5 weather stations located in different areas on the territory of the two states was carried out. Analysis of the accumulated data showed that the frequency of thunderstorms over different regions of the world largely depends on their geographical location (topography), distance from the sea and time of year. The purpose of the work. The aim was to identify the features of the spatial distribution of trends in interannual variability and to determine the best recorded months of thunderstorm activity during the year over the territory of Iraq and Turkey. Methods of work. The study was conducted based on the analysis of daily (archived) meteorological data on thunderstorms over 10 years at five meteorological stations. Results. Based on historical data of daily meteorological observations made over a ten-year period at three meteorological stations in various climate zones in Iraq and at two meteorological stations in various climate zones in Turkey, this study analyzes thunderstorm activity. According to the data, March and April have the highest frequency of thunderstorms, with 55% of them occurring in Iraq’s northern highland region. However, the study found that in Turkey, April and May had the highest frequency of thunderstorms, with 54% of them occurring in Anatolia’s southeast because of its elevation above sea level. Conclusions. In the northern and northeastern regions of Iraq and the southeastern region of Turkey, intense thunderstorm activity was observed. March and April saw the highest annual frequency of thunderstorms.

An Innovative Method for Damping the Seismic Waves on Pile Foundations Using A Mixture of Rubber-Binder Jacketing

Earthquakes are sudden and unpredictable natural activity that causes severe damage. As a result of the increasing seismic activity in Iraq, it has become necessary to conduct a study on the impact of earthquakes and methods of damping them. Since traditional seismic damping methods for construction are very expensive, alternative solutions are necessary. Therefore, this research proposes a new damping method that depends on surrounding the piles with rubber crumbs, as the rubber works to dampen the seismic force before it reaches the piles before moving to the structure. This method is considered a type of sustainability. The study included a set of variables, including (the thickness of the rubber that surrounds the piles, and the position of placing the rubber that sleeved the piles). The tests were carried out using the shaking table device. The results showed that surrounding the piles with rubber gave distinct results in damping the seismic force and it is considered an easy damping method due to its ease of implementation, as well as its economic feasibility. The results showed for the models that surround the rubber in the upper part of the pile, an increase in the values of the acceleration of the structure and a decrease in the values of the movement speed of the structure, the values of the lateral displacement of the structure. The models in which the rubber surrounds the middle and bottom part of the pile, the results were close to the reference model.

Identification of some Phenolic Compounds of Purslane Extracts (Portulaca Oleraceae L.) and Evaluation its Content from vit.E and vit.C and its Antioxidant Activity in Iraq

The phenolic compounds present in the four extracts of both stems and leaves of the Portulaca Oleraceae L. were diagnosed using HPLC, and the following observations were made: In the alcoholic extract of the leaves, the highest concentration was found in Gallic acid at 77.89 ppm, followed by other phenolic compounds represented by Quercetin, chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid, Kemopferol, and p-Coumaric at concentrations of 55.8, 50.22, 40.25, 24.15, and 19.25 ppm, respectively. In the aqueous extract of the leaves, the highest concentration was found in Gallic acid at 62.59 ppm, followed by other phenolic compounds Quercetin, chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid, p-Coumaric, and Kemopferol at concentrations of 41.25, 40.23, 29.58, 16.25, and 16.22 ppm, respectively. In the alcoholic extract of the stems, it was found to contain four phenolic compounds with Gallic acid having the highest concentration at 40.56 ppm, followed by chlorogenic acid, Quercetin, and Kemopferol at concentrations of 33.65, 30.25, and 14.25 ppm, respectively. In the aqueous extract of the stems, it was found to contain four phenolic compounds with Gallic acid having the highest concentration at 33.69 ppm, followed by Quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and Kemopferol at concentrations of 21.45, 20.58, and 11.48 ppm, respectively. The vitamin C and vitamin E contents were evaluated in the extracts. The highest concentration of vitamin E was found in the aqueous extract of the leaves, followed by the alcoholic extract of the leaves, the aqueous extract of the stems, and the alcoholic extract of the stems, with concentrations of 54.1, 33.5, 31.5, and 25.9 ppm, respectively. As for vitamin C concentration, it was found to be highest in the aqueous extract of the leaves, followed by the aqueous extract of the stems, the alcoholic extract of the leaves, and finally the alcoholic extract of the stems, with concentrations of 85.6, 66.5, 52.8, and 35.6 ppm, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaves and stems of Portulaca Oleraceae L. was measured by assessing the removal percentage using the FeCl2 and H2O2 methods. The alcoholic extract of the leaves showed the highest removal percentage of 94.73% at a concentration of 150 mg/ml using the FeCl2 method, and the highest DNA protection percentage of 92.73% at a concentration of 150 mg/ml using the H2O2 method.

Comparing The Abrasion Resistance of Conventional Concrete and Green Concrete Samples

Significant volumes of non-biodegradable solid waste are related to industrial activity in Iraq, with waste plastic being one of the most notable. 24 samples were used in this study to test the effectiveness of recycling waste plastic to make concrete. Four different ratios of waste plastic from both green and conventional concrete were used as a partial replacement for gravel: 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100%. All of the concrete combinations were tested at room temperature. These tests include compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The compressive strength was determined by molding 36 cubes. In this study, concrete mixes were cured for 3, 7, and 28 days. The apparatus created in the Construction Laboratory of the Civil Engineering department at Wasit University was used to measure the rate of concrete erosion by directing a high-velocity jet of a water and sand combination at concrete samples. A determination was also made on the impact of the impingement angle. Using two distinct angles (45 and 90) with the horizon, experimental estimations were performed. The results of the experimental studies showed that the flow inclination angle of 45 with the horizon can achieve the highest rate of erosion, while the flow inclination angle of 90 with the horizon can achieve the lowest rate. Additionally, the results showed that erosion decreased as the plastic percentage increased with age. This study confirms that recycling waste plastic as a gravel substitute in concrete offers a promising solution to lower material costs and address some of the issues with solid waste that plastic presents.

The Impact of Value-Added of Wholesale and Retail Trade and Hotels on Economic Activity: An Econometric Study in the Economy of Iraq between 2006-2021

This research paper aims to measure the impact of value-added tax on wholesale and retail trade and hotels on economic activity in Iraq from 2006-2021. The study applied the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to clarify the effect and demonstrate the relationship between the variables. Results showed an integrative relationship between the value-added tax on wholesale and retail trade and hotels (independent variable, X), and economic growth (the dependent variable Y). The short-term parameters showed a statistically significant relationship at a significance level of less than (1%), as the value-added tax on wholesale and retail trade and hotels significantly positively affects economic growth in the short term. Furthermore, the long-term relationship results showed a statistically significant negative relationship between the variables at a probability level of less than (1%). The value-added tax on wholesale and retail trade and hotels has a major impact on national economic expansion, as an increase in the value-added tax by one dinar leads to an increase in GDP by 10.52684 dinars. This result is consistent with economic theory and verifies the study's hypothesis. The quality and validity of the model were confirmed through standard tests, including a heteroscedasticity test, serial correlation test, diagnostic tests for functional form, and stability tests for estimated model parameters.

Application of the Empirical Mode Decomposition Method to Noise Reduction Using Seismic Event Data Recorded at Kirkuk Seismological Station.

This study aims to use the Empirical Mode Decomposition for reducing the noise of passive seismic signals recorded across seismic event recorded at Kirkuk station which is one of the Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology data, where human activities in Iraq's populous cities significantly impact the seismic recordings at Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology stations sites. In this paper, we present an algorithm based on the Empirical Mode Decomposition. It is a data driven method used as a propelling tool for analyzing and decomposing non-stationary and non-linear data without any previous assumptions. Empirical Mode Decomposition generates a finite and often small number of Intrinsic Mode Functions. The decomposition is based on the direct extraction of the energy related to various intrinsic time scales, an important parameter of the system. Empirical Mode Decomposition technique is applied to the available seismic records to reduce the noise level in the records, which helps in the interpretation of the records.

Aeromedical Evacuation, the Expeditionary Medicine Learning Curve, andthe Peacetime Effect.

Organizational proficiency increases with experience, which is known as a learning curve. A theoretical peacetime effect occurs when knowledge and skills degrade during peacetime. In this study, the intertheater evacuation system was examined for evidence of a military learning curve and peacetime effect. Data on medical evacuations from U.S. Central Command occurring between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2022, were acquired from the TRANSCOM Regulating and Command & Control Evacuation System. Priority mission evacuation time corresponding to peak periods of activity in Iraq and Afghanistan and minimal activity in Afghanistan was analyzed. Any reduction or increase in the delivery time of casualties would be considered a change in proficiency. There was a marginal monthly decline of 0.019 days (27.4 min) to perform a priority evacuation from Iraq (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.009 to 0.028 days, P < .001) and a decline of 0.010 days (14.4 min) from Afghanistan (95% CI, 0.003 to 0.016 days, P = .004) over 40 months from peak monthly average times. There was a monthly marginal increase in priority evacuation average time from Afghanistan of 0.008 days (11.5 min) (95% CI, 0.005 to 0.011, P < .001) between January 2013 and December 2020. The number of monthly evacuations estimated to maintain or improve monthly average evacuation time is approximately 50. An intertheater aeromedical evacuation system increased in proficiency during periods of conflict and declined during relative peacetime. There is evidence of a peacetime effect on intertheater aeromedical evacuation.

BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOOTINGS RESTING ON DUNE SAND

As a result of the growth of economic, demographic and building activities in Iraq, that necessitates carrying out geotechnical investigations for the dune sand to study behavior of footings resting on these soils. To determine these properties and to assess the suitability of these materials for resting shallow foundation on it, an extensive laboratory testing program was carried out. Chemical tests were carried out to evaluate any possible effects of the mineralogical composition of the soil on behavior of foundation rested on dune sands.Collapse tests were also conducted to trace any collapse potential. Loading tests were carried out for optimum water content and different shapes of footing. Loading test recommends manufacturing of steel box and footing models with different shapes and dimensions. The results indicated that, Affek dune sand is predominantly fine sand with non-plastic fines.Because the content of sulphate (as SO3) is only 0.05%, and the alkalinity of dune sand, which reduces the corrosion potential, ordinary Portland cement can be used in concrete foundation construction in/on dune sands. The results of collapsing tests showed that Affek dune sand exhibit a slight to moderate potential depending on stress level. Due to Soaking by water, the reduction in bearing capacity of optimum state was about 45%. The bearing capacity of square footing was greater than those of the circular and rectangular footings.

The Legal Framework of Islamic banks

Islamic banks are among the basic and economic structures on which any country is based, because of the financing they provide for various types of investments and the multiple functions they perform in accordance with the provisions of Islamic Sharia. ahead of traditional banks.&#x0D; The Islamic Bank came to combine social, economic, financial and banking activities. Perhaps one of the most important features that distinguishes Islamic banks from each other is the degree of effort expended in each of them to investigate the halal profit that can be obtained through the investment process and&#x0D; to measure this profit in an accurate and clear manner and distribute it in a way that achieves the due justice.&#x0D; The need for Islamic banks arose as a result of the prosperity of economic and commercial activity in Iraq, which led to the expansion of Islamic banking activity and the emergence of Islamic banks alongside conventional banks.&#x0D; The Islamic bank is known by several definitions, linguistically and idiomatically, but the Islamic Banking Instructions in Iraq No. 6 of 2011 in force, amended, defined in Paragraph (1) of Article (1) the Islamic Bank as (any legal person who holds a permit or license under these instructions to carry out Islamic banking activities on the According to the provisions of Sharia and does not deal with interest, taking and giving.&#x0D; Where banks aim to satisfy an existing need or desire, and perhaps one of the most important needs that the Islamic bank spreads is the need of the Islamic community for the existence of an Islamic banking system that works in accordance with the provisions of Islamic Sharia, achieving development and investment goals that it faced through the collection and employment of funds.&#x0D; Therefore, it is necessary to encourage and turn to Islamic banks and to stay away from traditional banks, as Islamic banks have contributed as an important factor in getting the economy out of the current financial and economic crisis.&#x0D; We also recommend that the banking institution adopt the opening of a section or the creation of a special division to carry out the work of price fluctuations due to the tremendous development witnessed by the economy at the national and international levels, and it is necessary to expand activities based on banking commission without dealing with interest.

Improvement of liquefaction potential in saturated sandy soil by CKD and bentonite

AbstractDue to the increase in earthquake activity in Iraq and Middle East during the last two decades, the study and understanding of probable destructive action and the best method to mitigate this effect became more important. So, many improvements and mitigation methods can be used. In this study, the use of permeation grout technique was adopted to prevent the existing soil condition in urban area by using cement kiln dust and bentonite clay. The tests were executed by using 1 g shaking table apparatus to simulate a sinusoidal motion (vibration) at specified different frequencies. The liquefaction phenomena were observed for loose saturated sand at 60 s, 25 s, and 10 s for 0.5 Hz, 0.75 Hz, and 1 Hz, respectively. After mitigation process, the soil liquefaction did not occur until 100 s, 60 s, and 30 s, for the same mentioned frequencies. Besides, the use of cement kiln dust decreases the liquefaction potential and increase the factor of safety.

THE ROLE OF THE REGULATORY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN PROMOTING EQUITY-BASED CROWDFUNDING IN IRAQ

The aim of research is to explain the role of the regulatory and legal framework in promoting ownership-based crowdfunding in Iraq and to develop a general framework that includes principles and basic steps to support policy makers, especially in a country like Iraq, in formulating and implementing regulatory and legal frameworks for the work of ownership-based crowdfunding platforms, taking into consideration Lessons learned from international experiences. The problematic of the research is represented in the following question: Is establishing a legal framework for crowdfunding, especially based on property rights, an urgent necessity, to start crowdfunding activity in Iraq in an organized and deliberate manner to take advantage of the advantages of this type of financing and overcome its negative effects? The research problem was addressed by relying on the analytical approach to find out the regulatory and legal framework and its role in promoting ownership-based crowdfunding in Iraq.

Geographical distribution of cultivated and uncultivated areas in the countryside of Ramadi District

The study aims to know the number and presence of manpower and the reasons that led to the increase in agricultural areas, which reflects this on the increase in production and its type, as well as knowing the reasons for the lack of manpower in the provinces of the study area, which resulted in them being largely free of agriculture or almost non-existent areas cultivated or reclaimed. Given the importance of agricultural activity, which is one of the important economic activities in Iraq in general and the countryside of Ramadi, in particular, this activity depends entirely on the labor force in agriculture and productivity, which also affects population growth and increase and is characterized by rapid change and reflection in the cultivated areas and the production of agricultural crops: As well as the presence of reasons that helped the decline of agricultural areas, and this will be clarified during the research.

Assessment of the financial performance of insurance companies in Iraq

Insurance companies play an important role in providing services and supporting the state's economy, and they participate in achieving the goals of development plans in the economic field, in addition to realizing many social and economic benefits. Therefore, it has become important to continuously evaluate the performance of insurance companies' activity in Iraq to know the level of their performance. One of the most important of these assessments is financial analysis. It helps in analyzing and interpreting data in a way that helps management determine the level of performance and give an image and personality to it, so that strengths and weaknesses are identified. Various analytical tools have been identified through which it is possible to determine and evaluate the level of performance, and the study has reached a set of important findings , There are some legislative problems in the company’s activity, Liquidity declined in 2010 and 2011 due to the lack of additional financial analysis, and recommendations, Draft a law that helps in activating the insurance sector, Emphasis on the use of modern technology to rotate the company's activity to help develop insurance services and enhance its national economic activity.

Modeling and Simulation of shroud Ed Wind Turbines to work in Iraqi weather conditions

This study provides an overview of renewable wind energy in Iraq and the possibility of deploying concentrated wind energy technologies to support power generation in agricultural fields. On horizontal wind turbines. The results showed that with the addition of the diffuser, the energy produced shows an increase, and the study also showed that the wind speed in Iraq reaches 8 m per second in the center and south of the country. The study presents wind energy activities in Iraq, and the Iraqi government's attempts to use wind energy. Renewable energy in general, and wind energy in particular.

CHANGE DETECTION IN MOSUL DAM LAKE, NORTH OF IRAQ USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES

This study was aimed to demonstrate the spatial changes of Mosul Lake using change detection Techniques. Water bodies, an integral part of the Earth's hydrological cycle, such as rivers, ponds, lakes, wetlands, and reservoirs, have a major effect on climate change and global warming. one of the most imperative vital activities in Iraq for the administration of its water resources is Mosul Dam Lake. The lake has changed in the water surface due to the severe anthropogenic activities, climate change, the monthly inflows received from the Tigris River, and the controlling of water imports by neighboring countries, and the territorial policy. Remote sensing techniques and Geographic Information System ArcGIS 10.3 software were used in the present study for processing the images and managing the database of each image were downloaded from the united states geological survey(USGS). Spectral Water indices, includes Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and unsupervised classification were used to extracting water bodies and computing water area, the images difference technology was used to detect a different image and capture changes area for 20 years, the method has been applied to subsets of the Landsat series images that acquired during April in 2000, 2005, 2010,2015 and 2020. The results showed that there is an increase in the area of Mosul dam lake from its original area in 1986 which was 244 km2 in a rate of (15.1,31.14,13.11, and 20.9) % for periods (200,2005,2015, and 2020) respectively, and a decrease in water area with a rate of 7.78% for period 2010, that means the water surface area fluctuated over the period given, increasing and decreasing in the water surface. the minimum water surface area was recorded in 2010 of about 225 km2, whereas, the maximum area of the lake was found to be 320 km2 in 2005. the total average increasing and decreasing change detection were 25.4550174 and 19.7851824 km2 respectively.

The economic importance of the tourism transport activity and its role in maximizing revenues for the tourism sector in Iraq

The study deals with a basic problem embodied in the absence of official statistical surveys for the tourism sector within the reports of the Central Statistical Organization in the Ministry of Planning of indicators or data on the volume of revenue from the tourism transport activity in Iraq, in addition to the absence of indicators that reflect the economic importance of the tourism transport activity in relation to the tourism sector or the economic structure For Iraq, except for the availability of the 2019 Tourism Expenditure Survey, which was used to obtain data for our study. The importance of the study is shown by identifying the volume of tourism revenues generated by the tourism transport activity in the tourism sector compared with other categories of tourism activity, in addition to showing the economic importance of the tourism transport activity within the framework of the tourism sector in particular, and the economic structure in general. The aim of the study was to investigate the reasons for the absence of transport indicators for tourism activity and the revenues it achieves that contribute to supporting the tourism sector, and to develop solutions to address those reasons, in addition to highlighting the economic importance of tourism transport activity in the gross national product, the balance of payments, reducing unemployment, and investing in infrastructure. Infrastructure and superstructure of the tourism transport activity. The study adopted the use of the descriptive method in the theoretical aspect, in addition to the use of the analytical method in interpreting the data available in reports and statistical surveys of the activity of the tourism sector and the activity of the transport sector, which were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Planning in Iraq. The study ended with a set of results that included the realization of the two hypotheses (the existence hypothesis H1), and on the basis of which a set of recommendations were developed that contribute to maximizing the role of tourism transport and its economic importance in the tourism sector, which is reflected on the economic structure of Iraq.