Activities In China Research Articles

A Case Study of Military Vocational Online Education during the Post COVID-19 Era

Affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic, E-learning has developed rapidly and become the new normal of educational activities in China in the post COVID-19 era. E-learning is an indispensable force in military vocational education. In conjunction with the digital technology and traditional campus education deeply, it promotes the innovative development of military vocational education. However, there are still some drawbacks in online education of military vocational education, such as unstable network signal, shortage of education resources, lack of teaching skills, difficulty in the quality of education of evaluate and so on. This paper analyzes the present situation of online education of military vocational online education in the post COVID-19 era and offers some advices.

International Law Analysis of U.S. Military Survey Activities in China’s EEZ

International Law Analysis of U.S. Military Survey Activities in China’s EEZ

Financial Stability and Economic Activity in China: Based on Mixed-Frequency Spillover Method

To improve financial sustainability and promote economic stability, it is important to understand the intricate relationship between finance and macroeconomy. Thus, focusing on financial stress and macroeconomic sectors, this paper investigates macro-financial spillovers in China. First, we develop a high-frequency financial stress index based on eight daily financial indicators to measure the stability of China’s financial markets. Through event identification, we find that China’s Financial Stress Index can effectively reflect the stress situation of China’s financial market. Then, given that the traditional co-frequency method fails to deal with financial stress index and macroeconomic data with different frequencies, we employ the mixed-frequency spillover method to evaluate macro-financial spillovers to examine the connectedness between China’s financial market and the real side of the economy. We find that financial stress is the leading net risk output and primarily affects the loan sector; deterioration of economic conditions can lead to more apparent fluctuations in spillover effects, with spillovers from financial stress to others being the most susceptible; within the sample, the 2015 stock crash, U.S.–China trade friction, and COVID-19 have the most impact on macro-financial spillover effects. In addition, we track the results of different risk events on spillover effects across sectors.

Social Media and Contentious Action: The Use and Users of QQ Groups in China

This article presents an analysis of a netnographic study of QQ groups engaged in contentious activities in China. Informed primarily by semi-structured in-depth interviews of 34 participants and field observations through years of grounded research, the findings shed light on the communicative dynamics and mobilization strategies of QQ groups in nurturing contentious action and motivating mass participation in social protest. In-group communication stays highly focused on the respective mission of the groups, and it cultivates a sense of shared awareness conducive to collective action. There is also a noticeable contagion effect that transfers the spirit of contestation in terms of speech and action. Mobilizing dynamics in the QQ groups point to a hybrid model of activist-brokered networks, which crosscuts and interconnects elements in Bennett and Segerberg’s (2012) prototype of self-organizing networks and organizationally brokered networks. Group leaders and activists resort to a multi-layered mechanism to dissipate contentious information and to mobilize participation in protests.

Calculation and scenario prediction of methane emissions from agricultural activities in China under the background of “carbon peak”

Climate warming has become a difficult problem all over the world. As the most important component of greenhouse gas, methane plays a vital role in the earth’s climate system. CH4MOD model and emission factor method are used in calculating and analyzing the methane emission from agricultural activities in China. The scenario analysis method is used in predicting the methane emission from agricultural activities in China. The results show that: (1) The changing trend of total methane emission from agricultural activities in China from 2001 to 2020 increased firstly, then decreased, and finally tended to steady fluctuation, in which the contribution of livestock intestinal fermentation emission was the largest. (2) From 2001 to 2020, GHGI1 of methane in agricultural activities in China showed a downward trend, while GHGI2 fluctuated. (3) China’s methane emissions from agricultural activities are predicted to increase under different scenarios from 2021 to 2030. To meet China’s goal of reaching a carbon peak by 2030, the strict emission reduction scenario is more suitable for China’s future methane emission development trend than other scenarios.

Assessing the Particularity and Potentiality of Civil–Military Integration Strategy for Space Activities in China

The relationship between the civil and defence industries in China has undergone institutional changes from separation to combination and integration. Civil–military integration (CMI) was uplifted as a national-level strategy in 2015. Outer space was prioritised in the 2015 strategy, which presents an interesting opportunity for a review of its particularity and potentiality in China. The application of the CMI to space activities is a product of national policies related to economic development and technological advancement instead of a result of a military modernisation campaign. The CMI strategy holds the potential of being an enabler for space activities in China to accommodate the market-oriented approach and conform to the implementation practice of CMI in other advanced space countries. However, reform efforts remain at the early stages of development. Its operationalisation under the state-led development approach is characterised by uncertainty, ambiguity, and fluidity. The reforms are demanding in terms of tackling the entrenched issues of breaking down civil–military barriers and managing the contradiction between the traditional state-led approach and the revolutionary market-oriented approach. Specifically, it is in need of basic infrastructure to facilitate the development of commercial space, including a high-level, coherent framework of policy guidelines and the improvement of governance structure and institutional mechanisms through the enactment of a space law.

Lehvoss Group Strengthening of activities in China

Lehvoss Group Strengthening of activities in China

From everyday presence to organised actions: internet use and the political engagement of disabled people in China

This paper examines disabled people’s digital political engagement in China, which is a largely overlooked issue. Current studies about disability politics often focus on manifest political behaviours in western democratic societies, while the literature on technologies and China lacks the examination of everyday politics of specific identity groups, such as disabled people. This paper attempts to fill the gaps with a broader framework of political engagement. Based on long-term ethnographic observation and in-depth interviews, the paper presents a variety of political activities in China’s cyberspace, including everyday presence, campaigning for policy changes, networking for disability constituencies, and organised online activism. These suggest both latent and manifest forms of political engagement, which are equally ‘worthy’ in understanding disability politics in China. The forms also interact with each other to build Chinese disability politics in the digital world. Point of interests New information and communication technologies, such as the internet, have changed the ways we engage in politics. However, how the technologies have been used by Chinese disabled people for politics is a missing topic. The paper uses a broader framework to examine disabled people’s online political engagement. The findings suggest a variety of activities that have explicit or implicit relations to disability politics. The study found Chinese disabled people use the internet to document their everyday life, and, to interact with others and create disability groups. These activities suggest no obvious political targets. The study also found actions with clear political purposes, for example personal or group activities to aim to change discriminative policies. The paper argues all these forms of engagement are meaningful. They interact with each other and contribute to the building of disability politics in China.

Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, New Business Formation, and Scale-up Activity: Evidence from 286 Chinese Cities

Abstract This paper examines the effects of the quality of entrepreneurial ecosystems on new business formation and scale-up activity in China at the city-industry level. Accounting for only large and fast-growing firms, we focus on productive entrepreneurship which creates economic wealth. Based on a newly constructed panel dataset for 29 manufacturing industries and 286 prefecture-level cities of China during the period 1998–2009, we find that entrepreneurial ecosystem components, including access to finance, knowledge, marketization, local market demand, and entrepreneurial culture, are important determinants in explaining the differences in entrepreneurial activity across city-industry clusters and over time. Analysing a dynamic period in China’s industrialization with large regional variation in economic development, we show that the relative importance of the ecosystem components in shaping entrepreneurial activity changes over time when regions develop. In addition, we show that interaction between the ecosystem components – indicating system strength – has additional power in explaining new business formation and scale-up activity.

Assessing the “negative effect” and “positive effect” of COVID-19 in China

The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns led to a sharp drop in socio-economic activities in China in 2020, including reductions in fossil fuel use, industry productions, and traffic volumes. China's economy suffered a serious negative effect from COVID-19. However, there is a “positive effect” on CO2 emissions reduction. Here, for the first time, this paper constructs a new model named “Weighted Multi-regional Hypothetical Extraction Method (WMHEM)” based on a multiregional input-output model. It not only solves the problems of traditional HEM methods such as improper use of assumptions, excessive reliance on industry intermediate input, but also accurately reflects the impact of external shocks on the inter-industry linkages. By using the monthly economic data of each provinces in China during COVID-19 (except Hong Kong，Macao and Taiwan) an the latest Multi-regional input-output tables, the “economic negative effect” and “CO2 emission positive effect” under COVID-19 in China are measured. Results show that COVID-19 lockdown was estimated to have reduced China's CO2 emissions substantially between January and March in 2020, with the largest reductions in February. With the spread of coronavirus controlled, China's CO2 emissions rebounded in April. In addition, key emission reduction sectors and key development encouraged sectors are selected by combining “economic negative effect” and “CO2 emission positive effect” during COVID-19. Therefore, policies recommendations are put forward based on forward and backward linkages respectively which are from two ends of the supply chain to turn pandemic-related CO2 emissions declines into firm climate action.

Trust and contracting with foreign banks: Evidence from China

We empirically investigate whether firms doing business in regions characterized as having high social trust receive preferential treatment on loan contractual terms by foreign banks. Tracing cross-border syndicated lending activities in China, we document that firms located in provinces with higher social trust scores obtain significantly low costs of bank loans and experience less stringent collateral requirement. To address the potential endogeneity issues, we adopt an instrumental variable approach and a two-sided matching model, and report consistent results. We also estimate a system of three equations through three-stage-least square estimator to accommodate the joint determination of price and non-price terms in loan contracts. In addition, we find that the effect of social trust on cost of bank loans is more prominent for firms located in provinces with relatively less developed formal institutions.

P5.01: Belt & Road Organ Donation Capacity Improvement Cooperation Training Project (BROAOD)

Background: The lack of awareness and knowledge about organ donation (OD) and transplantation (OT) among health professionals is one of the main reasons contributing to donor shortage. Seeing the need to improve the donation activities in China and Belt and Road countries, China Organ Transplantation Development Foundation and Donation (COTDF) and Transplantation Institute (DTI) Foundation jointly initiated the Belt and Road Organ Donation Capacity Improvement Cooperation Training Project to provide intensive training in OD and OT to health professionals from these regions. Methods: The program used an interactive and dynamic online modality consisting of round table discussion, presentation of clinical cases, gaming, and workgroup interaction. The bilingual training (Chinese and English) adopted the best practices in OT and OD and was delivered by international experts. A questionnaire to evaluate changes in perception, confidence, and capability towards essential components of organ donation was administered pre-and post-course. Results: Three editions of the 3-day course were conducted in May, August, and December of 2021. A total of 182 participants were trained, of which 23% (n=42) were international participants from the B & R countries. The participants consist of majority intensive care doctors and other health professionals involved in OT and OD such as donor coordinators, emergency physicians, and nephrologists from more than 60 different hospitals. Seventy-four matched pairs of responses from the pre-and post-course survey were available for analysis. Whilst 16% of the participants showed positive change in their perception towards organ donation, majority (77%) expressed that their perception remained unchanged. Increased confidence was observed among the participants in effective donor maintenance (19/74; 26%), communication with coordinator (17/74; 23%), initial family communication (16/74; 22%). There was 24% (18/74) showed decreased confidence in detection of potential donor. Large proportion (55 – 78%) of the participants stated no changes of confidence in these areas. Nearly all the participants showed above average improvement of capability in various processes of organ donation. Conclusion: This program improved the capability of the participants to perform donation activities. Continuous and in-depth training with more simulations is needed to further enhance confidence of the health care professionals especially in donor detection. The course served as a platform for the participants to exchange opinions and differences in practices with international experts. This international cooperation initiative promoted by the COTDF and DTI Foundation is an excellent example of leading international engagement and supporting the global community to reach self-sufficiency in OD and OT.

Barriers and facilitators to participation in everyday activities for children with intellectual disabilities in China.

Children with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are vulnerable and participate less in everyday activities compared to their peers with typical development. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators related to the participation in everyday activities of children with IDs in China. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with primary caregivers of children with IDs from special schools in Tianjin, China. The data were transcribed and analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis. Four categories of barriers to participation in everyday activities for children with IDs were identified: insufficient knowledge, attitudes and skills in primary caregivers; ID-related characteristics of children; stigma and Chinese culture; and lack of support from society. Four categories describing facilitators of participation in everyday activities for children with IDs were also identified: the optimistic attitude of the primary caregiver; adequate family support; active environment in school and policy; and attractive characteristics of children with IDs. The findings in this study add knowledge on important barriers and facilitators affecting the participation of children with IDs in everyday activities in China. The primary caregivers' voices need to be heard by government and society. Appropriate and effective changes in family-oriented services and the legal, social, political and economic context of the child welfare management system for the scale-up of improving participation should be implemented for children with IDs.

Impacts of High-Density Suspended Aquaculture on Water Currents: Observation and Modeling

Large-scale aquaculture activities in China have been rapidly developing in coastal waters, and they inevitably affect hydrodynamic structures and, hence, substance transportation. Predicting the effects is critical for understanding the environmental ecology and biochemical processes in these waters. To realize the solution, we conducted a field observation in Sungo Bay, which is an important aquaculture bay in China, and we developed a three-dimensional numerical model by arranging so-called porous structures, representing the aquaculture facilities, on grids of the culture layers. The energy-loss coefficients were specified to determine the momentum loss by the friction of the structures. We determined the appropriate coefficients for the oyster, scallop, and kelp cultures by using numerical simulation. According to the observation and model results, the aquaculture substantially weakened the current velocities in the culture layers and altered the vertical structures of the water currents. For this high-density and large-scale culture bay, the decrease rates of the current velocities in the culture layer were up to ~68%, ~65% and ~60% in the culture zones of oysters, scallops, and kelps, respectively. Bivalve cultures and kelp and bivalve cultures reduced the water-exchange ability of the bay by 33% and 50%, respectively. The method and results of this study provide a reference for studies on other aquaculture bays.

Tilapia introduction in China: Economic boom in aquaculture versus ecological threats to ecosystems

AbstractThe introduction and use of non‐native species in aquaculture have played a central role in the development of this economic sector worldwide. Tilapia is one of the most widely introduced species in the world, and China has become the largest producer and consumer of tilapia. While non‐native tilapia in China support provisioning ecosystem services of substantial economic value, the invasion also poses potential threats to native fish diversity, ecosystems and ultimately the sustainable fisheries development. However, knowledge regarding the invading pathway, aquaculture development, economic benefits and the ecological impacts of such important non‐native species is still limited, especially in China. Based on thorough literature review as well as field surveys, this paper has comprehensively presented the introduction of tilapia species across a range of aquatic habitats and its role in the aquaculture industry growth, emphasising the economic benefits in China. In addition, we also synthesised the potential negative ecological impacts caused by tilapia invasion with global evidences, which will provide excellent lessons and management recommendations for China and other countries worldwide. Future trends tend to indicate an increase in the number and frequency of tilapia's introduction in China, with an increasing likelihood of environmental impacts. However, it is apparent that the aquaculture of non‐native tilapias is a highly profitable activity in China which makes the introductions inevitable, therefore, alternative management strategies and implications are further discussed to seek to achieve more sustainable and ecosystem‐friendly aquaculture, reduce the risks and negative impacts on ecosystems while still maintaining the economic benefits.

Role of social media marketing activities in China's e-commerce industry: A stimulus organism response theory context.

Social media marketing has become one of the most significant growth paths for many businesses in today’s world. However, many companies are still unclear about using social media marketing to get their advantages, particularly in an e-commerce environment. In this background, this study is proposed to examine the effects of social media marketing activities (SMMAs) (interactivity, informativeness, word-of-mouth-WOM, personalization, and trendiness) on relationship quality, such as commitment, trust, and satisfaction in order to predict consumers’ online repurchase intentions in China’s e-commerce environment. This study proposed a theoretical model by using the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) theory. Using a structured questionnaire and purposive sampling, this study examined the responses of 403 consumers through partial least square-structural equation modeling. The findings discovered that SMMAs significantly strengthen the relationship quality factors, such as commitment, trust, and satisfaction, which in turn positively increase consumer online repurchase intentions in China’s e-commerce industry. This is novel research that contributes to the S-O-R theory and provides several managerial guidelines that assist managers in improving their business performance in the e-commerce industry. This research also highlighted some limitations.

Analysis of China’s Regional Economic Competitiveness, Regionalization, and Spatial Aggregation Characteristics Based on Density Clustering Algorithm

Regional development disparities, especially in developing countries, have traditionally been one of the central issues of empirical research in regional economics. However, this rapid change is accompanied by profound changes in the spatial distribution of economic activities in China, the formation of regional economic “blocks,” the widening of regional disparities, and the geographical concentration of economic growth efficiency are important issues highlighted in this change. Therefore, it is important to explore the spatial clustering characteristics and patterns of regional economic growth to provide a scientific basis for relevant government departments to formulate reasonable regional development strategies and promote the balanced and stable development of economic growth. Clustering analysis is an important research topic in the field of data mining, which is used to discover unknown object classes in large-scale data sets. This paper proposes a density-clustering algorithm based on the regional economic competitiveness of China and analyzes its spatial aggregation characteristics. From the perspective of spatial structure theory, economic development is a dynamic process, and to optimize the spatial pattern of China’s regional economic development and improve the efficiency of economic interaction between regions, it is necessary to fully exploit the diffusion and trickle-down effects of important growth poles in the region to the surrounding areas. The experimental results show that the error rate of KSNN is very small, and the error rate of K-means and PSO has increased to a certain extent. Therefore, it can be obtained that the density-clustering algorithm based on the regional economic competitiveness zoning method in China can find out the correct clustering results without the given clustering individual cases. Thus, it is important to grasp the current situation of regional economic agglomeration and reveal the driving factors of agglomeration formation to promote the coordinated development of regional economy and guide the spatial layout of economic development.

Environmental Uncertainty Participative Corporate Political Activity and Radical Innovation in China

Drawing on a sensemaking perspective, this study aims to theoretically and empirically investigate the effects of PCPA on radical innovation and how regulatory uncertainty and technological uncertainty affect firms’ choice of PCPA as well as its effectiveness on radical innovation. Hierarchical regression analyses are conducted to test the research model based on survey data collected from 227 manufacturing firms in China. The results indicated that PCPA has a significant positive effect on radical innovation. Both regulatory uncertainty and technological uncertainty relate positively to PCPA. In addition, regulatory uncertainty strengthens the positive relationship between PCPA and radical innovation, while technological uncertainty weakens the relationship. Our findings offer fresh insights into the use of PCPA to manage the uncertain external environment when pursuing radical innovation activities in China.

Design of a Financial Accounting Management System Based on a Computer Network

Financial management is one of the most core tasks of a social team and an important link related to the survival of enterprises and the economic development of the country. Therefore, financial management is regarded as a top priority from the national tax and financial system to enterprises and individuals. However, with the rapid development of social economy and the extremely active economic activities in China, especially the complicated capital flows and the rapid changes in the market, even if the financial system is upgraded many times, it is still difficult to meet the requirements of enterprises. In recent years, computer network technology has been more and more widely used in all aspects of social production and life. It can replace people to complete complex, tedious, repetitive, and consumptive work. Therefore, the research and development of financial accounting management system based on computer network technology have important production significance and social value. Firstly, this paper summarizes the development process and current situation of the financial management system, points out the difficulties existing in the current financial accounting management, and investigates the development and application status of computer network technology. Then, it studies the shortcomings of current financial work and the necessity and feasibility of applying computer technology to financial management. Finally, it analyzes the beneficial effects of computer network technology in financial management, designs the overall structure of the financial accounting management system based on computer network technology, studies the characteristics of each subsystem of the structure, points out the technical and institutional challenges faced by computer network technology, and gives corresponding suggestions. This paper is an applied research on the application of advanced computer network technology in financial accounting management, which helps the rapid development of China’s financial accounting management system and provides a combination idea for the application of computer network technology in other traditional industries.

Online prices and inflation during the nationwide COVID-19 quarantine period: Evidence from 107 Chinese websites

Given the lack of activity in China's offline economy during the COVID-19 quarantine period, online prices provide new insights for analyzing the impacts of the pandemic on the economy. Using online prices from 107 websites in China and the DiD method to remove the Spring Festival effect, we show that the pandemic leads to a 0.4% surge in the overall inflation rate, a 20% decrease in the price change probability, and a 1% decline in the size of absolute price changes. Moreover, the pandemic had heterogeneous impacts on different sectors, leading to significant structural changes in inflation. Specifically, the pandemic hindered the price correction behavior after Spring Festival, and whether products could be consumed while customers stayed at home was an important factor affecting price adjustment and inflation dynamics.