With the wide application of blockchain technology in various business fields, accounting work, which records, confirms, measures, calculates, and reports businesses after their completion, has changed accordingly. The basic accounting theory has also undergone substantial changes. The accounting and management of university operating costs and per-student costs, as an important part of accounting work, have also changed. From non-existent to existent, from small-scale accounting to comprehensive accounting, from traditional cost accounting to activity-based cost accounting, and from rough accounting to detailed accounting, all are inseparable from blockchain technology. This article starts from aspects such as university development, the content of university operating costs, and the efficiency of the use of financial funds, combines the characteristics of blockchain technology, analyzes the impact of blockchain technology on accounting work and basic accounting theory, and thereby studies the university cost management model based on blockchain technology.