Activities Of Wall Degrading Enzymes Research Articles

Penicillium Ochrochloron RLS11 Secretome Containing Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Improves Commercial Enzyme Mixtures During Sugarcane Straw Saccharification.

Filamentous fungi are prolific producers of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and important agents that carry out plant cell wall degradation in natural environments. The number of fungal species is frequently reported in the millions range, with a huge diversity and genetic variability, reflecting on a vast repertoire of CAZymes that these organisms can produce. In this study, we evaluated the ability of previously selected ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi to produce plant cell wall-degrading enzyme (PCWDE) activities and the potential of the culture supernatants to increase the efficiency of the Cellic® CTec2/HTec2 for steam-exploded sugarcane straw saccharification. The culture supernatant of Penicillium ochrochloron RLS11 showed a promising supplementation effect on Cellic® CTec2/HTec2, and we conducted the whole-genome sequencing and proteomic analysis for this fungus. The size of the assembled genome was 38.06 Mbp, and a total of 12,015 protein-coding genes were identified. The repertoire of PCWDE-coding genes was comparatively high among Penicillium spp. and showed an expansion in important cellulases and xylanases families, such as GH3, GH6, GH7, and GH11. The proteomic analysis indicated cellulases that probably enhanced the biomass saccharification performance of the Cellic® CTec2/HTec2, which included enzymes from GH3, GH6, and GH7 families.

Reduced cell wall degradation plays a role in cow dung-mediated management of wilt complex disease of chickpea

Chickpea, a major pulse crop, is highly prone to a devastating wilt disease commonly caused by the complex interaction of soilborne fungal pathogens of the genus Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Sclerotinia. These pathogens collectively cause both superficial and sunken lesions resulting in symptoms like wilting and yellowing causing plant losses at seedling stage and become a major limiting factor for its growth and yield. Earlier studies demonstrated the role of composted mixture in protection against soilborne pathogens. However, there is paucity of substantial evidence for the mechanism of protection. The present study predicts the probable mechanism of cow dung-mediated reduction of wilt in Cicer arietinum. Cow dung-coated seeds sown in presence of mixture of fungi (FCD) could reduce the activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes produced by plant roots in response to pathogens, which were otherwise higher in mixture of wilt complex fungi/pathogens (FUN) treatment. Reduction in transcript accumulation of related genes followed by histological studies showed intercellular fungal colonization in FUN treatment, whereas it was undetected in FCD. Results indicate that cow dung treatment of chickpea seeds reduces activities of the cell wall-degrading enzymes in a transcriptionally regulated manner, which in turn function as biocontrol measure for disease.

Role of cell wall degrading enzymes in the interaction of poplar and Melampsora larici-populina Kleb.

The activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes, produced in poplar cultivars infected Melampsora laricipopulina Kleb., was studied. The results show that PMG, PMTE, CX and β-glucosidase played roles during the infection. After inoculation, the activity of PMG in both susceptible and resistant cultivars had two peak values in 2 dpi and 5 dpi. The activities of PMTE and β-glucosidase had a peak value in 3 dpi, and CX in 2 dpi. Among these cell wall-degrading enzymes, the activities of PMG and PMTE were higher and the activities of CX and β-glucosidase were relatively lower. The activities of these cell wall-degrading enzymes were significantly higher in susceptible cultivars than those in resistant cultivars. All these demonstrated that these cell wall-degrading enzymes played certain roles in the infection of M. larici-populina.

Changes in the activities of some cell wall-degrading enzymes during development and ripening of Japanese pear fruit (<italic>Pyrus serotina</italic> Rehder <italic>var</italic>. culta Rehder)<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref>

Changes in the activities of some cell wall-degrading enzymes during development and ripening of Japanese pear fruit (<italic>Pyrus serotina</italic> Rehder <italic>var</italic>. culta Rehder)<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref>